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Public Choice Theory, 2008.
This paper discusses the issue of public choice theory and urban governance.
1,056 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer explores public choice theory and the argument that public choice theory provides a thoughtful assessment of what needs to be done if urban governments are to become efficacious and expeditious providers of services to their citizens. The paper briefly outlines the general argument presented by advocates of local government and then provides some of the compelling arguments raised by those who feel public choice theory does not offer a stalwart solution to the problems of local governance. In the end, the writer maintains that while it sounds superficially appealing, public choice theory does not have a lot of empirical data to support many of its key claims.
From the Paper
"Additionally, public choice theorists argue that municipal governments, because they are monopoly providers, are inefficient insofar as they have little incentive to lower their prices or be innovative. Public choice theorists thus argue that there needs to be a separation between the demand articulation role of government (the collective process whereby it is ascertained how and how much of something will be set aside for public use) and the supplier role of government. Simply put, when governments have to buy services for something, they tend to be exacting in determining the value given for the monies received. All in all, the public choice theorist cleaves to the view that local governance needs to be run as a business - and that government often falls short in its obligations to the general public because it does not separate the provider role and the production role involved in the delivery of a good or service, thereby creating costly inefficiency and waste."
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Community Policing, 2007.
This paper discuses community policing, which is a program that link the police to the neighborhood citizens in an effort to solve the problems of the area.
3,425 words (approx. 13.7 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 96.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that community policing has been successful in reducing crime and in improving the relationship between the police and the public. The author points out that bringing the community and the police together changes the traditional image of the police as an occupying force. The paper relates that community policing necessitates a number of organizational changes such as recruitment and education. The author states that this approach calls attention to the degree to which the police are dependent on the public for support, information and cooperation. The paper explains that one way for the police to learn more about the neighborhood is to be residents themselves; therefore, requiring officers to live in the community enhances the community policing effort and adds to the comfort level on both sides.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Effectiveness and Organizational Change
Involvement by Community Policing Institutes
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Relations between the police and the black community have long been tense. In some regions, the police are viewed as an occupying army present not to protect the people but to control them and to keep them in their place. Numerous civil disturbances in recent decades can be traced to tensions between the police and the black community, from the riots of the summer of 1965 to the riot in Los Angeles after the first Rodney King verdict, from the problems in Crown Heights in New York to any number of disputed police shooting incidents in cities across the country."
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Health Care Delivery, 2008.
This paper discusses health care in the United States and Canada.
844 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer notes that a comparison of health care in the United States and Canada demonstrates one significant fact above all others: Canada has a national health care system, while the United States does not. The writer points out that it is interesting to note that many within Canada believe that the delivery of health care services in the United States is considered superior, while there are those within the United States that believe that Canada's health care system should be the model of national health care that the United States should adopt. In general, however, the writer maintains that it is evident that both nations spend a significant amount on health care each year and that both nations still are plagued with health care concerns that have not been resolved despite their advanced knowledge about health care delivery.
From the Paper
"In relation to infant mortality, it is evident that the primary concern for both nations is poverty. In the United States, as well as in Canada, poverty is widespread and impacts the health of mothers and children through lack of nourishment, lack of housing and lack of ability to receive health care. Although Canada has a national health care system, it may be unavailable to some residents of the nation that live in remote locations and do not have access to transportation. In the United States, however, access to health care for the poor most often occurs by impoverished citizens visiting emergency rooms and taking advantage of the law that states that all people must be served in these facilities, regardless of their ability to pay. The problem is, however, is that most Americans in this situation do not enter an emergency room until the health issue has become severe. In addition, follow up care and prescription medications are generally not sought, creating ongoing health issues for much of the poor population."
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Urbanization and Community, 2008.
An analysis of the history of urbanization and the changing meaning of community within today's technological world.
1,524 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the historical meaning of community in reference to social network theory. It discusses this theory as the determinant of a new type of community in the urban technological world. The paper analyzes the history of population shifts and urbanization. It also looks at Aristotle's views of what makes up a community and the social reality of a new community developing in the information age of technology.
From the Paper
"Castells "network society" accurately reflects the social reality of a new community developing in the information age of technology. Simple facts such as those in the UCLA Internet Report (2000) (Hampton 110,) show that the use of technology does not have to mean an inversion of human interactions to a gesellshaft society. Early urbanization spawned the devastatingly anti-social realities of disease, poverty, and squalor as much as it provided the new opportunities it offered. Urbanization in the network society" can actually, not just virtually, realize as Aristotle desired, "the goodness of city" (Stalley 104) perhaps better than society has ever known."
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Prison Rape in the U.S., 2008.
This paper provides a perspective of rape in correctional institutions in the United States.
1,552 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer examines the extent of rapes within the U.S. prison system, with some especial attention being given to the phenomenon of gang rapes. The writer notes that understanding the extent of the problem as well as the major associated risks is an important first step in formulating some procedures by which the number of rapes within corrections institutions can be significantly reduced. The writer points out that it is important to first note that eliminating the rape of prisoners will not come easily. In fact, it is unlikely that the problem will ever be completely eradicated. Nonetheless, the writer maintains that outlining a path that corrections institutions can take in the short-term and the long-term is crucial if any headway is going to be made against the problem.
From the Paper
"Attitudes regarding prison rape in the United States, unfortunately, are not conducive to reducing the incidence of prison rape. The public view the rape of men in prisons as a joke. Gags about dropping the soap in a prison shower are common and only reinforce the assumption that the rape of prisoners, at least men, is acceptable. Many have the attitude that prisoners somehow deserve what they get--after all, they did commit a crime and aren't in prison because they are fully innocent. Additionally, a culture of machismo in the United States contributes to the attitude that men who are raped aren't really men because they weren't able to fend off their attacker. Unfortunately for prisoners, these assumptions and attitudes only increase the possibility that they will have to face sexual assault without any social or institutional recourse. The fact is that victims of prison rape are rarely able to defend themselves, especially in cases of gang rape, when attackers are more numerous and are only too willing to resort to physical violence-even murder-to get what they want."
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Friendship and Adolescence, 2008.
This paper analyzes the article "The Waltz of Sociability: Intimacy, Dislocation and Friendship in a Quebec High School" by Vered Amit-Talai.
717 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
The paper examines how Vered Amit-Talai's article "The Waltz of Sociability: Intimacy, Dislocation and Friendship in a Quebec High School" takes an innovative look at adolescent friendships. The paper describes how Amit-Talai successfully takes issue with many of the commonly touted assumptions held by anthropologists as to the nature of friendship. The paper is of the opinion that this is a well-researched and thought-provoking article, which deconstructs some widely held beliefs and points the way towards further research.
From the Paper
"Amit-Talai prefaces her discussion of her observations of these students by telling the reader what her aims are. She wants to deconstruct the perception that adolescence and friendship are tautologous, by examining four features that are commonly assumed to be part of friendship. These are that "true friendships are private, free-floating relationships;" that adolescents have plenty of time on their hands for friendship; that friendship in adolescence has a particularly intimate nature; and that adolescent friendships are "necessarily transient as a function of life cycle changes" (Amit-Talai 236)."
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Art as Propaganda, 2008.
This paper discusses the use of art in politics within the American society.
2,938 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that art and politics often go hand in hand, though usually artists seek to expose the hypocrisy of ruling elites and so produce art that deliberately fails to meet with the approval of the leaders. The writer notes that at times, governments make use of art and artists for propaganda purposes, a process known from the various posters used by the Nazis and the Communists to promote their ideas. The American government has made use of art in a similar way, including art that otherwise would not find official approval. The writer concludes that the history of the way art has been used by the government suggests that the art itself is viewed in terms of its usefulness more than its actual content or any aesthetic base it may have, and primarily modern art has been used to counter the more staid and more politicized art in support of enemy ideologies.
Outline:
Introduction
Modern Art
Art and Politics
Art and American Taste
Art and Ideology
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The modern art movement diverged from the more accepted representational art preferred by most political leaders, and even though much modern art was considered too opaque to be understood and in some ways decadent, it was embraced as a propaganda tool by the U.S. government through agencies such as the CIA during the Cold War period. Most Americans are unaware of the way this process was undertaken and used and might be surprised by it, given the more prosaic attitude taken toward art by political leaders to this day. Analysts point out that many of these programs were conducted quite openly just the same, though even observers aware of the program might wonder why modern art was chosen and how it was used to benefit American interests."
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What Causes Delinquency?, 2008.
This paper compares and contrasts the social control and self control criminological theories.
931 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that the social control theory depicts social institutions and society as major contributors to delinquency, which are reinforced by the criminals' environment or social construct in a positivistic perspective. The paper further explains how contrary to this, the self-control theory defines the early childhood development of a delinquent as reinforcing an internal sense of identity, which manifests itself into criminal behaviors outside of social bonding.
From the Paper
"The theorizations of Jack P. Gibbs can best help to explain a comparison and contrast of the Social Control Theory and that of the Self-Control Theory in criminology. Gibbs helped to construct a theorization on the nature of Social Control Theory that has been centered on the positivism of Strain theory, as well as Conflict Theory in relation to the role of delinquency and crime. Gibbs (1994) defines social controls through the medium of "homicide" as a criminal example of deviant delinquent behavior is affected by social organizations, such as the criminal justice system as a third party "mediator" that often dictates the way they judge social norms in regards to crime (p.49). In this manner, social control is dictated by the reaction of the justice system in relation to occurrence of crimes in relation to the reoccurrence of the conflict between victim and aggressor."
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"Working in a 24/7 Economy", 2008.
A review of the book "Working in a 24/7 Economy: Challenges for the American Family." by H. Presser.
1,054 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the book "Working in a 24/7 Economy: Challenges for the American Family." by H. Presser. It looks at how the book offers a glimpse into a little publicized view of what life is really like for the majority of women and their children in this country who struggle on a daily basis to adapt to a 24/7schedule.
From the Paper
"The American family was once viewed from the standpoint that it was constructed of the husband, wife and two children, one of each gender. The male worked outside of the home and earned all of the monies necessary for the family's survival, while the woman worked in the home. On television programs of the 50's that woman accomplished housework, reared children and met all of her husband's need wearing heels and a dress. This was a society that was picturesque, but that did not reflect the changing philosophies that were impacting real life people in the social order. Presser (2005) makes this fact quite clear when she discusses the evolution of the family and the working woman in modern culture. "
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Healthcare Delivery, 2008.
This paper looks at the evolution of healthcare systems as examined
through payment structures.
1,219 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer discusses the evolution of healthcare delivery systems. Specifically, the writer looks at how healthcare delivery is affected according to the payment model utilized. The writer notes that the payment model is critical in determining the type and quality of healthcare delivery because it addresses the single most relevant factor in a for profit healthcare system. The writer concludes that only by maintaining a stable and expanding patient base can one be assured of also maintaining profitable utilization ratios and viable physician groups within the overall organization.
From the Paper
"This flux in the industry has only intensified which has had a pervasive impact on the healthcare industry in terms of payment strategies and systems.
"Physicians in managed care programs are often tasked to, either directly or indirectly, increase utilization rates of other services that the facility or program offers. Additionally, the military healthcare system has adopted the managed care model and it too is now subject to some of these constraints. These bundled type service arrangements may be convenient for the insurer, the facility and to some extent the patient however, it placed undue strain on the physicians who are tasked with meeting utilization minimums or in sustaining bundled service type programs with the requisite foot traffic."
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Participating in Community Service, 2008.
A personal statement on the importance of participating in community service and why leadership is important.
716 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
The writer looks at the valuable contributions that have been made throughout history by individuals who have taken an active stance to improve the society in which they live. The writer also touches upon the subject of altruism and why helping those in need also rewards the volunteer. In addition, the states that volunteering allows him the opportunity to meet like minded people. The author concludes that his volunteering activities are beneficial to society and to his own well being.
From the Paper
"Leadership roles are very important to me as well. The old saying that if you didn't vote, you do not have a gripe is very true. If you sit back and do not participate, how can you change things, stand up for what you believe or even be a part of society. It is the obligation of every citizen to participate and ensure that his or her interests, feelings and convictions are served. The world is full of people that want to sit back and gripe about the way things are going, but they will not do anything about it. Get involved, start your own community group if necessary. "
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Marxist, Feminist and Liberal Approaches, 2008.
This paper provides a comparison of Marxist, feminist and liberal approaches to social policy in Canada from the First Nations period to the present
1,465 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that Marxist, liberal, and feminist approaches share a pivotal characteristic in common in that all three are concerned with the needs of the oppressed. However, the writer discusses that although these approaches are similar in certain respects, they are basically quite distinct in their identification of which social and economic needs are to be given priority, their proposed solutions to social problems, and in implementation of solutions. The writer points out that the liberal approach is especially distinct from the other two approaches since the term 'oppressed' does not so adequately fit. This paper focuses on the socioeconomic context and salient issues in New France in order to apply and illustrate those three approaches.
From the Paper
"The Marxist approach would also maintain that the state operates as a means for social control and that it serves he purposes of emerging commercial capitalism. In addition, creating a program of social services may be somewhat empowering but it also oppresses people. Another Marxist criticism of the liberal approach would be that the liberal goals of social security would impose a severe burden on habitants who were already paying a tithe to the Church. As far as the Marxist approach is concerned, the work by religious orders and especially by nuns served to promote and reinforce the class system. Nuns' origins ranged from the nobility to wealthy backgrounds, and class differences were also observed in school programs which conformed to a social hierarchy."
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