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Canadian Black Immigrants and Inequality, 2008.
This paper discusses black immigrants, Canadian immigration policy
and the related inequality.
1,976 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer discusses that the patterns of immigration by blacks, and especially black women, over this century demonstrate discriminatory and preventive measures by the Canadian government. The paper relates that this pattern is best understood through the structural functional perspective because immigration policy is designed to ensure that Canadian society is of a certain type. The writer explains that the Canadian government permits certain quotas of immigrants into the country at specific times for labor needs. However, it also carefully controls immigration and prevents family formation. This paper argues that the intention of the Canadian government is and always has been to ensure that blacks and people of color would never be a dominant group and have access to power in the country.
From the Paper
"Immigration policy provided a means to cope with labour shortages while it also defined what is meant by a suitable permanent citizen. That definition was determined by race, ethnicity, class, and also by gender. Black women from the Caribbean were in the worst position. Black workers received half the pay for performing the same work as whites. For domestic workers, conditions went beyond discrimination since they had to endure intolerable conditions of no free time, unpaid overtime, and had to live in. The live-in requirement guaranteed that the women could not form families."
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Same-Sex Marriage and Artificial Insemination, 2008.
This paper argues against same-sex marriage and the related issue of artificial insemination.
2,075 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer looks at same-sex marriage and at the artificial insemination of lesbians with an eye towards asserting that both are offensive on religious, moral, and sociological grounds. The paper first points out that the Holy Scriptures provide a number of compelling justifications for the elevation of heterosexual marriage. Proceeding further, the writer argues that there are moral reasons why artificial insemination (and gay marriages involving children) are unacceptable. Finally, the writer maintains that there is sufficient evidence decrying the effects of households headed by homosexual couples upon children for our society to re-examine its glib acceptance of the idea that homosexual couples (perhaps couples inseminated by artificial means) should automatically be given carte blanche to be parents.
From the Paper
"The reasons why homosexual union appears to be frowned upon by the Church ties into the notion of complementarity; that is to say, pairs of men and pairs of women cannot conceive children via natural means. In short, the procreative process, at least if it involves natural means, is only possible if one man and one woman are involved. As May understands the matter, natural fertility is a blessing of God and demands the active participation of both genders. More than that, the ability to have progeny invests in human couples the creative power that would otherwise be limited to God alone; thus, the natural process of mating is an act that should not be trifled with inasmuch as man and woman - in their natural states as God designed them - have been rendered in God's image, or at least man has been rendered in God's image and have been given the responsibility of carrying out a procreative act sanctioned by the Almighty. Clearly, man and woman have been designed the way they have for a reason, and it would be unwise to alter this complementary state by allowing lesbians to become pregnant via artificial insemination."
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The Institutionalization of Inequality, 2008.
This paper looks at migratory labor and citizenship in industrialized democracies.
2,352 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This essay argues the thesis that citizenship in western industrialized democracies such as Canada is based upon the institutionalization of inequality whereby migrant labour is sought to meet the labor reproduction needs of industry and business and citizenship rights are restricted to limit any demands these groups may make on state revenues and businesses. From this perspective, the writer maintains that inequality in terms of migration - whether on the grounds of race, gender or ethnicity - must be understood in how it serves the larger corporate interests of Canadian business and society.
Outline:
Introduction
Immigration as an Engine of the Economy
Structural Inequalities of Race, Ethnicity and Gender
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Thus, the labour force of Canada was not biologically reproducing itself on a generational basis by the later decades of the twentieth century. In order to meet this shortfall, the Government of Canada resorted to immigration to supply a labour force to meet the demands of the Canadian economy. These demands are complex, for the Labour Force Reproduction model indicates that the economy needs a labour supply not only in terms of production but also to consume the goods produced. As a result, in the years in which the Canadian fertility rates were declining, after 1956 the Canadian immigration levels were increasing. From 1954 to 1992 Canada accepted 5.7 million immigrants. These immigrants fulfilled a wide number of economic roles in Canadian society, from contributing as business class immigrants and supplying entrepreneurial investment funds, to those who work in the commercial and corporate sectors. In addition, we must not forget the significant numbers of immigrants who worked as unpaid labour - often women - and so subsidized the paid labour force in Canada."
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Television and Sexual Orientation, 2008.
This paper discusses how race, sexual orientation, social class, gender and class are portrayed on television.
1,417 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that television is arguably our most pervasive mass medium, and reaches millions of viewers, often for many hours per day. As such, it is reasonable to expect that it may play a substantial role in forming and moulding public opinion. This essay examines how race, sexual orientation, social class, gender and class are portrayed on television, with specific reference to four very popular television series: 'Buffy the Vampire Slayer'; 'Ellen'; 'Frasier' and 'Friends'. It is argued that the relationship between television and the masses is becoming increasingly interactive, with the latter increasingly impacting the former, and both exerting a moulding action upon one another.
From the Paper
"First, it must be conceded that there is abundant evidence of television moulding our current society, conveying a view of the world that reinforces the current status quo. Take for example the enormously popular television series Friends. This series features four fabulously shallow, attractive, white, heterosexual, gender-role-conforming, slim, reasonably affluent, utterly self-centred thirty-somethings living in a US city. These characters surely represent the current patriarchal North American status quo. None of them transgresses any societal norms, and all devote themselves with indefatigable vigour to the most important social virtue of our time - consumption. Indeed, much of the action takes place in a coffee shop, where the characters simply spend their time spending money and being amusing. This is reminiscent of the television series Frasier, where the characters also appear to have a bottomless capacity for expensive coffee (as well as fine wine and good food)."
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Water Safety in Mega Cities, 2008.
This paper looks at the issue of unsafe water supplies in the mega cities of the developing world.
984 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer notes that in the early 21st century, the mega cities of the developing world are facing an unprecedented series of environmental pressures. These are all ultimately due to the rapidly accelerating growth and development of such urban areas, whose immense populations and industries are negatively impacting local and regional environments on a significant scale. The writer argues that, while the poor of these cities face many challenges as a result of development - from poor nutrition to poor sanitation, air pollution and housing crises, the unsafe water supplies of these cities is the most urgent problem that they face.
From the Paper
"Scholars studying the issue of safe water supplies in the mega cities of the developing world agree that the nature of this development problem is shaped by its context. In this regard, there are two primary factors that we must consider. First, the development of the mega cities of the developing world is radically different than the development of mega cities in the developed world as in the latter case development was gradual, while in the former it is accelerated. Thus, while cities such as New York had a century to develop water systems to cope with growth, the cities of the developing world have had only a generation. Consider, for example, the fact that the population of Mexico City in 1950 was 3.1 million, and a generation later, in 1980, was 13.4 million. The second primary factor is that while in the developed world mega cities their economies grew in close parallel to the growth of the cities' populations, in the developing world this connection is far more uncertain."
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"Leaving Home", 2008.
An examination of the concept of the "other" in Canadian culture through an analysis of David French's play "Leaving Home".
1,175 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that the idea of culture, in David French's play "Leaving Home" reflects the idea of traditional perspectives towards the significance of belonging. The paper explains that French's play focuses on the character of Jacob Mercer, a Newfoundland immigrant who has relocated his family to Canada, who forcibly imposes his native values upon his two sons. The paper then examines how Mercer presents his view of the clash between generations, where the children recognize the opportunity for change and are willing to participate in it while the parent holds tight to the old ways.
From the Paper
"The modern mainstream cultural landscape of Canada is one in which the concepts of shared values overcome cultural limitations (Angus, 21). Yet where Ben and Billy are indicative of the transformation within the mainstream, Jacob represents the fringe cultures; were the play written twenty years later, this would perhaps have been an ironic commentary on French's part, as Jacob is himself an immigrant into Canada and major resistance to the Canadian national project has come from immigrant communities (Chambers, 50). These fringe cultures are formed mainly from immigrants who have purposefully moved into limited geographic areas in order to preserve their cultural identity (Chambers, 50; Mackey, 71). "
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The Toronto Drug Treatment Court, 2008.
This paper is an extensive discussion of the Toronto drug treatment court (DTC), a successful adult drug diversion program.
4,615 words (approx. 18.5 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 119.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Toronto drug treatment court (DTC), a diversion program, has been a response to a Canadian normative criminal justice system that does not approach the underlying problem of addiction. The author points out that diversion programs, such as DTCs, are ways to interrupt the continuum of incarceration now associated with offenses created by the drug culture. The paper relates that the conventional criminal justice system offers little or nothing to counteract addiction beyond a possible referral to a treatment center, which usually brings no results. The author underscored that the Toronto DTC has a 4% recidivism rate as compared to a 45% recidivism rate of persons charged with drug-related offenses who do not pursue treatment diversion. The paper states that the cost-benefit analysis underscores the savings to the taxpayer.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Toronto Drug Treatment Court
Suitable Offenders
Making an Honest Effort
The Rights of the Offender
Benefits
Challenges to Expanding Drug Diversion Programs
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"The Toronto Drug Treatment Court is located in the Old City Hall complex as is thought to be Canada's busiest court house, a place to be experienced for its many mainly poor Canadians to appear, its old fashioned premises and the main venue of the city's Aboriginal Diversion (Gladue) Court. On two visits to Drug Treatment Court, it was observed that the atmosphere is civil and collaborative. Judges spoke in a direct humane manner to offenders unlike what was observed in other criminal court settings. Support workers from agencies and volunteer groups, including former graduates of the Court, were present."
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Models of Family Therapy, 2008.
This paper discusses and explains different models of family therapy.
1,622 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at different models and forms of therapy for families that are experiencing problems. The writer notes that natural therapy is a form of psychotherapy that does not allow for medications, but that uses techniques that are aimed at assisting the individual to overcome issues through a natural approach. The writer looks at cognitive behavioral therapy in which the problem is seen to exist through the individual's thoughts and actions. The writer then discusses structural therapy and strategic family therapy. The writer maintains that the solution focused model of family therapy identifies the outcomes that the family desires and uses those outcomes as the focus of the therapy. In the narrative model the writer notes that clients are asked to take part in a narrative history of life and in collaborative therapy the patient and the therapist work as partners in the discovery of issues and the implementation of solutions to the issues.
Outline:
Natural System Model
Cognitive-Behavioral Model
Structural Model
Problem Focus Model
Strategic Model
Solution-Focused Model
Narrative Model
Collaborative Language System Model
From the Paper
"Change for the patient requires that the thoughts and actions impacting the person's life must be identified initially. This may occur through the patient speaking with the therapist and answering questions that serve to allow the therapist to determine where the issues exist. However, the patient should be the one that identifies the problem areas through discussion so that he or she is capable of understanding that change is significant.
"Techniques used in cognitive behavioral therapy are implemented once the identification of the problem has occurred. The therapist may give the patient "homework" and a new mental or physical response to a situation. That new response is used by the patient in place of the negative response and it is through practice that a new method of thought or behavior can be experienced on an ongoing basis, replacing the former thoughts and action."
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James Baldwin and Racial Segregation, 2008.
This paper examines the phenomenon of racial segregation in the essay "Notes of a Native Son" by James Baldwin
1,623 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This study analyzes the premise of racial segregation through the familial, educational, and social background found within James Baldwin's essay "Notes of a Native Son." Baldwin's father is an example of the racial construct of family that drives Baldwin's desire to find a better life as a writer. The writer notes that, in many instances, Baldwin presents a rhetorical narrative that defines the victimization of his race through his father, which is paramount to proving that segregation is a real phenomenon in American society. In essence, the writer concludes that the basis of a familial, educational and social background reveals the tenets of racial segregation that was a major part of Baldwin's life as an African-American writer.
From the Paper
"Another aspect of Baldwin's essay relates to the problem of social upheaval that occurred and how it affected his family. Not only was his father deeply cynical of whites and their role of aggression towards African Americans, but there was also the symbolic threat of rioting that had occurred when his father had died. In many Ways, Baldwin feels a parallel social influence on his family that made an impression on his mind. The riot that were taking place in Harlem acted in tandem with Baldwin's father's death, thereby activating a sense of purpose in his life. He certainly saw a cause in combating racial segregation because of the damage it caused to his society. This is the sympathetic relationship that he viewed in his father, but was part of the ongoing build up of violence during the Civil Rights era .."
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"Swamp Angel" & "Twenty-Six", 2008.
This paper compares and contrasts the books "Swamp Angel by Ethel Wilson and "Twenty-Six" by Leon Mckay Jr.
1,021 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that Ethel Wilson's "Swamp Angel" and Leon McKay Jr.'s "Twenty-Six" are two dramatic novels written by Canadian authors and set within Canadian borders. The writer maintains that despite these superficial similarities they are, however, very similar books in their themes of compassion, familial relationships, time, drama, pain, and the necessity of moving forward. The writer concludes that the endings of "Swamp Angel" and "Twenty-Six" represent the importance of compassion in redemption. Life is difficult, the authors seem to acknowledge; but it rolls on, regardless of us. The writer maintains that the only means through which we can improve our lives and obtain meaning is through acceptance of change and the embracing of the human beings who are important to us - our family.
From the Paper
"Both novels deal closely with the theme of compassion towards those around us, as part of being human. The novels Swamp Angel and Twenty-Six also deal with the concept of responsibility, particularly in a familial sense. Wilson's book serves to remind the reader what it is to be human. That is, we must not only be ourselves, but are responsible for the consequences of our actions and how they effect others - especially family members. This concept of responsibility is tied in with the idea of time. Wilson's character Maggie demonstrates that though time is ours, it does not permit us the joy and irresponsibility of floating along of our own accord, acting of our own whim without regard to others. Instead, life and relationships are temporal. And, in the temporal flow of relationships, changes abound. When Mrs. Severance gives up the Swamp Angel, she recognizes that time and change are necessary ideals to uphold."
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The Sociology of Aging, 2008.
This paper discusses how an aging America creates economic, labor market, health and demographic trends that have serious long-term implications.
2,083 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the steady aging of the American population (certainly among the native-born) and looks at what this means for the social and economic future of the United States. In particular, the paper looks at the various economic, labor market, health and demographic trends gripping America and at how they are all coming together at a significant point in U.S. history. More than that, the paper argues that the United States faces possible economic contraction, run-away social costs, social fragmentation, and a general decline in vigor and/or productivity unless it finds a way to implement policy changes that will nudge the nation towards a brighter future.
Outline:
Abstract
References
From the Paper
"Other economic trends can be easily associated with an aging population. For one thing, it is axiomatic that older investors tend to be much more interested in investments that offer long-term security and reliable returns. Conversely, younger investors who have many more years in the workforce ahead of them - and who have the time necessary to "rebound" from a bad investment - may be more willing to put their money into high-risk, high-reward ventures. Suffice it to say, part of the vitality of the American economy resides in the willingness of people to "take a chance" and finance a fledgling company that has an uncertain future. As the population grows older, however, the interest in participating in venture capitalism and/or engaging in entrepreneurial activities diminishes in relative terms; as a result, a major component of America's economic success is greatly constrained."
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Helen Longino's "Pornography, Oppression and Freedom", 2008.
This paper rejects Helen Longino's position on pornography as presented in her work, "Pornography, Oppression and Freedom: A Closer Look".
1,235 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Helen Longino argues in her article "Pornography, Oppression and Freedom: A Closer Look" that pornography by its nature is harmful to women and should be controlled and eliminated. The author maintains that Longino bases this position on tenuous distinctions between pornography and erotica and on the liberal use of universal claims about the effect that pornography has on women and their place in society. The paper contends that, despite her superficially well-reasoned article, a closer examination of Longino's claims and analysis reveals problems that undermine her argument. The paper then asserts that pornography cannot be considered necessarily and categorically harmful to women. The paper concludes that the marginal harm that pornography might cause in isolated incidents is not great enough to justify banning pornography and restricting this form of sexual expression.
From the Paper
"Longino argues that these harms are cause enough to invoke laws and regulations that would limit freedom of expression and sexual expression. But are these harms entirely plausible? Is the potential for these harms to be realized justification enough to ban pornography. F.M. Christensen would say no, that efforts to ban pornography through limitations on freedoms--especially freedom of expression--is reprehensible and much more harmful to society than the potential ills of pornography. On this point, I agree with Christensen."
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