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Social History-New History, 2008.
A look at new history and multiculturalism within the context of historical studies in Britain.
2,739 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the conception of 'new history" or 'history from below' and states that it has its foundations in a wide range of connected disciplines and contemporary theoretical trajectories and stances. The paper comments that the foundation of 'history from below' lies in the questioning of the hegemony of old and more elitist views of history and the context of historical reality The paper concludes that the writing of 'history from below' provides a much-needed and important part of historical research and discourse in contemporary scholarship.
Outline:
Introduction and Overview
British Multiculturalism
Conclusion
From the Paper
" In conclusion it should be noted that the "new history" and the stance that takes its point of departure from 'below" in Britain owes much to the earlier Marxist historians. These historians are in fact seen as the "progenitors" of contemporary "history from below." (Kaye 182) Given this legacy in the British context it is not surprising that much of the historical research has been focused on the marginalized and disenfranchised cultures and sections of the population.
"For example there has been a great deal of research on the Asian and Pakistan immigration to the country. After the Second World War there was a large scale immigration of Muslims from various counties including North Africa to Britain. The central reason for this was the need in Britain for cheap industrial labor and they "...turned towards their former colonies in South Asia and North Africa to fill labour shortages... (What perspectives for Islam and Muslims in Europe?) Research into this area has produced numerous studies dealing with the prejudice and the alienation that these immigrants experienced. This type of research clearly shows the link and the connection between 'history from below' and multiculturalism and also suggests that these two concepts are inextricably intertwinwed in this new approach to history. While there are many detractors and critics of this new historical approach, there are also many who see 'new history' as advancing the aims of the discipline."
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Fight Club: Reclaiming the Self, 2008.
A review of the book "Fight Club" by Chuck Palahniuk.
1,348 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on the novel "Fight Club" by Chuck Palahniuk. The paper explains that it is the story of a lonely man who has no friends and is stuck working at a job he does not like. The paper concentrates on the narrator-character and how his life changes drastically when he meets with Tyler Durden with whom he opens the Fight Club. The paper discusses physical violence in the Fight Club, which is used as a means of liberating the individual from a value system. with which he does not identify. The paper looks at how nihilism and existentialism are used throughout the novel as tools of defining the characters.
From the Paper
"There is a strong existentialist influence in Fight Club, expressed mainly through a recurrent exploration of suffering, death, nothingness and absurdity. According to Bennett, there has not been a sufficient amount of discussion regarding the complexity of the Fight Club text in the sense that critics and supporters alike have limited a full exploration of such a profound text. Although he does not reject the idea - expressed by many critics, that Fight Club tackles issues as gender and class identity, Bennett argues that existentialism, understood both as a philosophical and as an aesthetic practice, provides a superior critical framework for interpreting Fight Club (Bennett: 67). His stance is that Palahniuk's Fight Club is a brilliant sample of the "existential literary tradition with certain postmodern differences" (Bennett: 68) in the sense that the existentialism of the book is very much adapted to its historical context, i.e. the age of "postmodern capitalism" (Ibid: 68). In fact, his argument goes a bit further; he draws a parallel between Fight Club and Dostoyevsky's novella, Notes from the Underground in the sense that they both center on the "alienated individual going underground to rage against a dehumanizing society" (Ibid: 69). Palahniuk's unnamed narrator, who is conventionally referred to as Jack suffers from a wide but vaguely defined range of psychological disorders, including insomnia and narcolepsy - the so-called disorders of the modern man, and has the need to confront himself with the most acute human suffering in order to regain his humanity: "Every evening, I died, and every evening, I was born. Resurrected."
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Standards of Care, 2008.
This paper looks at the cultural competence of long-term health care as it relates to the Latino population.
1,979 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that a current positive trend in health care is to establish systems that are open and receptive to cultural diversity. The writer discusses that culturally competent is the designation that is utilized to describe a hospital or other health care facility that answers the needs of a diverse population through services and training that recognizes cultural diversity and helps to guide those individuals through access points, and services to achieve a better outcome. Cultural competence is defined in a number of ways but includes linguistic recognition and training for the region and or service area of the health care facility, religious and social sensitivity to a variety of diverse issues with particular interest in regionally dominant minorities. This work addresses the Latino population and uses the example of a long-term care facility to demonstrate cultural competence in this area.
From the Paper
"Mutual understanding on both parts is broken down and can create problems of health risk and even emotional and physical safety. This translates to the skilled and certified staff in a long term care facility. When a CNA is unable to convince a patient that restraints are necessary for their safety, and that all their needs will be met if they are restrained, the person may seriously resist restraints to a point of their own peril. Though restraints are an unfortunate aspect of long term care they serve an important role, especially in the case of extreme frailty or dementia. Within the long term care setting restraint is unfortunately essential but often contrary to cultural and personal beliefs, even for those who are of the culturally dominant race, but to someone with limited English skills they can seem like the most offensive and unacceptable form or torture imaginable. Nurses and CNAs recognize that patient must do things to achieve greater health that are contrary to anything they do normally in their own element and yet if the nurse or CAN is unable to communicate this need and its importance to the patient the patient is left at risk of falling and or physically damaging themselves to seek to achieve unrestricted movement, that they are often physically unable to perform."
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The Concept of Disease, 2008.
This paper looks at the concept of disease from a general medical practice and homeopathic medicine perspective.
7,480 words (approx. 29.9 pages), 28 sources, MLA, $ 164.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer provides the relevant background and comparison of general medicine and homeopathic concepts of disease. Further, the writer discusses how their similarities and differences affect the choice of treatment modalities and their effect on the patients involved. The research shows that general medicine concepts of disease relate to dysfunctions in the body that are characterized by specific symptoms that can be diagnosed and treated. In contrast, the research also shows that in homeopathy, practitioners consider disease symptoms as the body's own attempts to heal itself. The writer maintains that in most cases, homeopaths use medicines that mimic the symptoms of the disease but do so in such attenuated amounts that these active ingredients are virtually absent from the prescription with most observers suggesting there is a powerful placebo effect at play. The writer concludes that it would seem reasonable to assert that many general medicine practitioners could take a lesson from their homeopathic counterparts by paying more attention to establishing therapeutic relationships and a rapport with their patients rather than ruling out one possible cause after another without regard to what patients have to say about their personal concepts of the disease involved.
Table of Contents:
Chapter 1: Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Scope of Study
Rationale of Study
Methodology
Chapter 2: Background and Overview
Chapter 3: General Medicine Concepts of Disease
Chapter 4: Homeopathic Medicine Concepts of Disease
Chapter 5: Summary and Conclusions
From the Paper
"Christopher Boorse criticizes the idea that health and disease are evaluative concepts. In his view, this relativizing of the concepts leads to absurd consequences. Assume, for instance, that one defines disease in terms of unwanted things which are candidates for medical treatment. He claims that many recognized diseases are not really treatable. On the other hand, practices such as circumcision, termination of pregnancy or plastic surgery are not good reasons for considering the possession of foreskin, being pregnant or having ears that stick out to be diseases. Another possibility is that one invokes pain or suffering as a criterion for calling something a disease; however, Boorse emphasizes as well that medical textbooks frequently describe instances where the absence of subjective discomfort is accompanied by serious internal injury; by contrast, some people tend to experience severe pain and discomfort during entirely normal processes such as menstruation, teething and childbirth."
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Color and Emotion, 2008.
This paper discusses the effects of color on human emotions.
1,939 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the importance of color is undeniable. The writer points out that it is an essential part of daily life and it is prevalent in everything individuals perceive. Even at night, many people dream in color. The writer discusses that many studies have recognized that colors have also a strong impact on emotions and feelings. Further, the writer points out that numerous studies conducted by those in the field of psychiatry have concluded specific facts about human color likes and dislikes. The writer concludes that clearly there is a close link between colors and emotions.
Outline:
Hypothesis
Method
Results
Discussion
From the Paper
"The study of color and emotion originated very early. Jaensch determined the distinction of red yellow versus blue green. He concluded that all people can be grouped in a way that was the same as the red-green color blind subjects, that is, either into the more sensitive zone at the warm end of the spectrum or at the other end of the zone in the more sensitive cold end. The subjects at the warm color dominance end are characterized by an intimate relationship to the world of visual perception. They are receptive and open to outside influences. They appear to immerse themselves quite freely in their social environment. Emotionally, they are characterized by feelings of warmth, suggestibility, and strong concerns. In the subject-object relationship, the emphasis is on the object rather than the subject."
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Peers and Parents, 2008.
An analysis of the extent to which peer pressure affects parental influence.
1,501 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper attempt to assess to what extent, if any, the traditional influence of parents has been eroded by peer influence and what questions and problems this raises for the teaching profession as well as for teaching methods and approaches. This research also hopes to show why an awareness of the phenomenon of peer pressure is important for the teacher in contemporary society.
From the Paper
"On the one hand peer influence is a necessary and positive factor in the development and growth of the adolescent. Mixing with one's peers and being accepted in a group is seen as healthy part of the process of "growing up". It is also important as part of this process for the teenager to develop a sense of independence and self, outside of the sphere and ambit of parental and family influence. (Adolescent Rebellion can be Quelled) Among the positive influences that peers can exercise on the young individual is that the peer group acts as 'sounding board' or a test to ascertain physical, psychological and social development. Approval of their peers is also a form of psychological security for the developing teenager. (Adolescent Rebellion can be Quelled)"
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Social Movements, 2008.
This paper examines the prevalent sociology theories to develop a greater understanding of why individuals join social movements.
789 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the deprivation theory and mass society theory but shows how they are insufficient for explaining why individuals join social movements. The paper then discusses the collectivist theory known as the structural strain theory that argues that social movements are initiated through the combination of many factors.
From the Paper
"As a result of the democratic system that the majority of countries now possess, the frequency and intensity of social movements have become even more evident than in previous centuries. In general social movements can be defined as any broad social alliances of people who are connected through there shared interest in blocking or affecting social change. The majority of social movements are not completely organized nor do they have a centralized infrastructure, rather they are a melting pot of individuals who have shared interests."
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The Promise of the Suburbs, 2008.
This paper explores the power of the suburban ideal upon the modern American consciousness.
969 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the history of the American dream of home ownership that was realized with the advent of Levittown, or small, suburban planned communities. The paper discusses how these suburban communities allowed individuals to have a sense of personal space, be away from their extended families and nearby neighbors and escape the grime, enforced ethnicity or closed nature of many urban communities. The paper highlights that Americans' aspirations to shape their lives by changing their physical environment reveals much about the American subconscious.
From the Paper
"To understand the power of the suburban ideal upon the modern American consciousness it is necessary to go far back in American history, even before the ideal of "Leave it to Beaver" became the benchmark of wholesomeness in the American cultural mindset. The photographs of Jacob Riis of tenement life during the turn of the 20th century are a powerful testimony to the cramped, dehumanized conditions of individuals living in urban locations, the result of rapid urbanization and a rapid rise in immigration. Even in the 19th century, as America was only beginning to industrialize, the ideal of the suburban homesteader proclaimed that finding one's own patch of land, rather than renting and dwelling in close proximity to other people in a rented space was the only true, right way to live."
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Literary Devices in Poetry, 2008.
This paper studies the poems "The Courage that my Mother Had" by Edna St. Vincent Millay and "The Funeral" by Gordon Parks.
959 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer introduces, discusses and analyzes the poems "The Courage that my Mother Had" by Edna St. Vincent Millay and "The Funeral" by Gordon Parks. Specifically, the writer discusses the literary devices the poets use to help the reader understand the subject of death and dying. The writer explains that poetry is full of effective literary devices such as simile, metaphor, rhyme, and meter that help create vivid pictures in the poem and help the reader identify with the words. The writer points out that these two works graphically illustrate the pain of losing a loved one with their use of poetic devices and raw emotions.
From the Paper
"In contrast, Parks does not worry about rhyme; he simply uses meter and the rhythm of the words to convey meaning and emotion. Millay speaks about her mother throughout the poem, but Parks only uses three lines to show his father has passed away. Millay openly admires her mother, while it seems there was tension underneath the surface between Parks and his father. He seems to be watching events from the outside looking in, giving the illusion of emotional detachment, while Millay is clearly distraught and overcome by the loss of her mother. By using personification indirectly, Parks likens his father to a giant, while Millay prefers to instead concentrate on her mother's mental qualities and strengths. By looking at the many poetic devices in these two poems, it becomes clear that each poet can use the same device very differently to create memorable and vastly differing poems."
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A "Fast Food Nation", 2008.
This paper analyzes the conflict theory in Eric Schlosser's book "Fast Food Nation".
2,921 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how Eric Schlosser's book "Fast Food Nation" serves to demonstrate the numerous ways in which the aims of the ruling class in American society have ultimately been delivered to the American people, thus homogenizing our way of life. The paper discusses the social conflict theory, referring to Emile Durkheim's beliefs and the works of Marx and Weber. The paper then shows how "Fast Food Nation" portrays the United States as a nation whose choices have almost uniformly been in favor of those holding the most power.
From the Paper
"The central premise of social conflict theory is that individuals and groups within society generally use their power--as much of it as they have--to gain benefits. Essentially, the resultant jockeying for position tends to strongly guide, though not completely determine, the actions of individual people within a society. The manner by which human behaviors are guided is through social controls; these stand as the formal manifestation of the interests of the ruling class. So, in a way, these social controls act as the structural groundwork for conformity and consensus within society--in one way they promote obedience. However, they also promote further conflict by virtue of the fact that they exist to oppressively root out competition and crush the aspirations of those seeking to usurp power."
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European Economic History, 2008.
This paper discusses the Industrial Revolution and the industrialization process across Europe in the 19th century.
2,287 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
The writer of this article notes that the industrial revolution phenomenon is one of the most controversial issues studied by the economic literature, and each author tries to analyze it from a different point of view and to emphasize the aspects considered to be most significant. The writer then points out that the essence of all authorized opinions regarding the subject is that the industrial revolution took place approximately between 1760 and 1830 in Great Britain. Further, the writer discusses the industrial revolution consisted of technical, economic, and social mutations that generated industrial development and ensured Great Britain's world leadership until the end of the 19th century. The writer concludes that all over Europe, economies were reduced to a national level, the world trade reached a sudden decrease, the crisis having irreversible consequences regarding economic policies.
Outline:
The Impact of Industrialization over the European Economy
Europe's Economic Supremacy in the 19th Century
Europe's Development Process in the 19th Century
The Interwar European Economy
European Economic Trends in the 1920's and 1930's
The Great Depression and European Economy's Post-Crisis Situation
From the Paper
"The industrial revolution in Europe represented a leap that was created by certain accumulations generated by processes and phenomena that took place in the 17th century. Political aspects, like the centralization of certain monarchical states and the quasi-permanent state of war, led to several economic issues, like: administrative apparatus growth, refined royal courts, large armies with adequate equipment, in other words - very high expenses that generated the increase of taxes, of inflation, and the emphasis on the role of the international financial network.
"The mercantile economic policy that dominated the entire century contributed in a substantial manner to the process financial capital accumulation that represents an essential premise for the existence of the industrial revolution. The industrial revolution and the industrial development until World War I took place in several countries, presented both common elements and particularities between countries and between stages. The industrial revolution and development had various degrees of intensity until the middle of the 19th century and significantly increased several countries' production potential."
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Twilight in Los Angeles, 2008.
This paper reviews Anna Deveare Smith's book 'Twilight: Los Angeles, 1992'.
1,000 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that Anna Deveare Smith's 'Twilight: Los Angeles, 1992' is a very original work, standing at the limit between two literary genres, the drama and the documentary. The writer points out that in order to write the play, Smith interviewed approximately one hundred and fifty people who had taken part in any way in the riots that took place soon after the verdict against Rodney King, the black man who had been dreadfully beaten by white policemen. The book is thus made up of monologues coming from people from different races and cultures, different social strata and so on, who tell their opinion or voice their feelings and experiences related to racism and discrimination in general. In the last part of the book, one hears the voice of Twilight Bay, one of those who organized the gang truce and the character who gives the name of the book. The writer concludes that Twilight is a wise political activist of the street, who has a clearer view of racial differences than most of the people around them, and who, although in the middle of a conflict where it would be hard to be impartial, can see that people have to think differently so as to be true to their own humanity.
From the Paper
"Twilight is a black young man who tries to maintain the peace in his neighborhood by staying awake all night to make sure his gang will not be attacked by a rival one. As such, Twilight is a political activist of the street, trying to mediate the conflict between the different races. His vision of the world he lives in is very complex and the author specifically uses it as a conclusion to her documentary. Most of the monologues express an ambivalent view towards racism and social conflict. Some of the people feel hatred, others simply think that the differences between cultures are far too great to be overcome, but at the same time, humanity tells them their own feelings are wrong. Twilight seems to be one step ahead of the others. He represents the hope of an eventual definitive reconciliation between the races. The way he interprets his own name reveals much of his personality and his view. Thus, he feels he is standing between two worlds: the fact that he tries to maintain the peace among the gangs makes him think that he is, like he is being told by the others, somewhere in the limbo, that is, between the dark present and the possibility of a brighter future, when there will finally be peace among the people ... "
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