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"The Book of the Courtesans", 2008.
This essay is a book review of Susan Griffin's, "The Book of the Courtesans: A Catalogue of Their Virtues".
830 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This essay discusses Susan Griffin's book "The Book of the Courtesans: A Catalogue of Their Virtues" as a deep and penetrating look into the history of the courtesan profession. The author asserts that Griffin's primary contention in this book is that courtesans have a special place in history; they were neither prostitutes nor part of the immoral underground of European society, but rather a prominent display of femininity during many different eras of Western history. The author also gives a positive personal opinion towards the book.
From the Paper
"Griffin's book focuses on many different stylistic and literary techniques that help to make this both an entertaining and fluid narrative. Her organization of the book is very succinct; she offers the purpose of her book in the introduction by stating clearly that she intends to explain the artistic and aesthetic nature of the courtesan. She continues to advance this position through each following chapter and makes her organizational scheme very understandable. Each chapter works to enhance her position and defend her thesis. Although it may appear through this review that her work is academic in nature, the opposite is true. She carefully hides her thesis and the progression of her 'evidence' through the narrative biographies of famous courtesans throughout the ages. She tells the stories of Veronica Franco of 16th century Venice, Madame de Pompadour of Versailles and many other such courtesans who were able to entrench themselves into the heart of Western society. Through their stories she shows how they practiced their craft and were able to gain 'liberation' from society as a result of their prowess. Her story telling technique makes this narrative extremely digestible and makes her arguments very subtly throughout her work."
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Women's Rights and Self-Realization, 2008.
An examination of women's rights in America.
830 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper examines women's rights and the suppression of women in America today. The paper explains that as women become larger and more predominant figures within sectors in the workforce, political arena and other areas of substantial recognition, their freedoms flourish and benefit is found among all of their contributions. The paper also points out that recognizing areas and instances of suppression, organizations like the ACLU, WRP and the National Organization for Women (N.O.W.) are able to counter-suppress the discrimination by pin-pointing the roots of these problems. The paper then looks at how such organizations bring attention to these matters and how this is perhaps one of the most significant factors supporting the efforts for women's rights. The paper concludes that as women's rights continue to progress, their independence has become more apparent and visible as sole discretionary freedoms, which only help to further the desires to rid the discrimination that once influenced the beliefs that women were incapable of fending for themselves in both the work force and at home.
From the Paper
"The evolution of women's rights has had a wrap-around affect that has taken years to finally begin to show its ramifications. As women were given more and more freedom, authority and equality in all aspects of life, the affects eventually came back to support their continuation and strengthened their efforts through the density within the areas they began to infiltrate. This has provided women with a voice to speak in defense of themselves and to stand up against the occurrences of discrimination in all areas of country. The further progression of these efforts has reached a point where women are fully capable of supporting themselves in many ways other than in simple regards as financial means. Fifty years ago, women were much more reliant upon the men in their lives to support and shelter their upbringing, youth, and adulthood."
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Velma Wallis' "Two Old Women", 2008.
Reviews Velma Wallis' book "Two Old Women: An Alaska Legend of Betrayal, Courage and Survival".
1,345 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Velma Wallis' book "Two Old Women: An Alaska Legend of Betrayal, Courage and Survival" tells a story based on a legend among the Athabascan Indians of the upper Yukon river area in Alaska. The author relates that, according to the customs of the tribe, the elderly are left behind during difficult times for the tribe so that the others may live. In the story, two old women are left to die; however, they prove that they can survive. The paper stresses that Wallis believes people possess hidden gifts that they do not develop until they need to.
From the Paper
"The mantra for the two women becomes, "Let us die trying." Whether they succeed or not, then, they will have demonstrated their personal power and their refusal to sit down and die without a fight. They begin by taking inventory of their skills and by considering skills, they had in their youth but may not have used for many years. They see the need to revive these old skills now that they need them to survive. The women are left alone but not with nothing, for they still have their possessions and so can make use of what tools they own."
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Maria Amparo Escandon's "Santitos", 2008.
Analyzes the role of religion in Maria Amparo Escandon's novel "Santitos".
940 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Maria Amparo Escandon's novel "Santitos"
tells the tale of Esperanza, a young woman who has suffered many tragedies in her life yet still manages to find hope and comfort in her unique brand of Christian faith. The paper points out that institutionalized religion is often portrayed as oppressive to female self-empowerment. However, in this novel, as opposed to this conventional representation of Catholic spirituality, the protagonist Esperanza's life illustrates that popular Catholicism is not necessarily misogynistic or male-dominated. The paper stresses that one of the most unique features of the role of religion in this novel is how sexuality and spirituality are openly linked.
Table of Contents:
Story Summary
The Role of Religion in "Santitos"--Analysis
From the Paper
"To find her daughter, whom she believes has been abducted in the hospital and sold into prostitution, Esperanza herself must live amongst prostitutes and enter seedy locations, in the service of her daughter and also the service of the saints. Esperanza first looks for Blanca in a Tijuana then in California. She says that the saints are waiting for her in California--because of the many names of the cities that begin with "San." This reflects Esperanza's often simplistic and naive view of the world."
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Claudia "Lady Bird" Taylor Johnson, 2008.
Looks at former first lady Claudia "Lady Bird" Taylor Johnson's contribution to the environment.
975 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Claudia "Lady Bird" Taylor Johnson, the wife of President Lyndon Johnson, during and after her husband's time in the White House, was involved with several environmental initiatives, which continue to make an impact decades later. The paper describes Lady Bird's efforts to make cities and highways throughout the U.S. more beautiful and relates that Lady Bird promoted legislation to protect the environment, although today not all laws remain in place. The writer also states that, as other first ladies, Lady Bird Johnson also knew that her place was to support her husband on his own personal issues.
Outline:
Introduction
Each First Lady Had Something of Her Own on which to Work, be in Healthcare, the Arts or Social Services
Lady Bird Johnson, Wife of Lyndon, Had Her Own Personal Issue
As Other First Ladies, She Will Always be Remembered for her Impact
Environment, the One Word to Sum up Lady Bird's Contribution
Quote: "Ugliness is so Grim..."
Beauty without and within People is her Legacy
Scenic America Considers Her its Spiritual Godmother and Inspiration
History behind Beautification Legislation
Bird Started the Committee for a More Beautiful Campaign Due to Run-Down and Decrepit Conditions in Washington, D.C.
Effort Grew from Cross City, to Neighborhood to Neighborhood to Across the U.S.
Her Committee Planted Trees and Flowers at Major Landmarks, and They Still Remain Today
As Momentum Increased, Wildflowers Began Replacing Ugly Billboards across the Country, and the Media Followed Her Ongoing Clean-Up Act
Despite Cynicism about Big Industry and Loop Holes, Legislation was Passed
Further Environmental Movements
She Pushed Hard from the Wilderness Act of 1964, Land, the Wild and Scenic Rivers Program and Expansion of National Parks
Made Littering A Public Acknowledged Problem and Led to Increase in Anti-Pollution Culture in 1970s
In 1982, National Wildlife Research Center
Grand Canyon and National Concerns
Problems Reappeared, as with any Legislation
Some states have Reneged on Billboard Usage; Others Continue the Fight
Still Better Than Situation Would Have Been
Conclusion--Why She Did It. Quotes.
From the Paper
"Unfortunately, as with many laws, the Highway Beautification legislation was not tight enough to keep the large concerns from moving through the loop holes, and the small concerns, as those along Route 66, to suffer the consequence. Time went on, and the number of billboards continued to grow. Today, the billboard blight is worse in some states than others and environmental groups actively work together to keep additional laws from making matters worse."
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Women's Rights, 2008.
A discussion on the fight for womens rights.
1,113 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses women's equality issues that stem back to 18th century in Great Britain and the United States. The paper highlights the role of women such as Mary Wollstonecraft and Lucretia Mott, both of whom strongly advocated equal rights for everyone in the late 1700s to mid-1800s. It discusses in detail, with references and examples, the efforts put in by women to achieve equality.
From the Paper
'Although Wollstonecraft was in most part a strong advocate of Rousseau, "warmly as I admire the genius of that able writer, whose opinions I shall often have occasion to cite," here she takes him to task for his division of the sexes: "Is this the man, who, in his ardour for virtue, would banish all the soft arts of peace, and almost carry us back to Spartan discipline?" Responding to his claim that "a woman should never, for a moment, feel herself independent," she calls it "Nonsense," and argues, "women are by nature inferior to men, their virtues must be the same in quality, if not in degree, or virtue is a relative idea; consequently, their conduct should be founded on the same principles, and have the same aim." "
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Beverly Gross' Essay, "Bitch", 2008.
A review and critique of the rhetorical aspects of Beverly Gross' essay "Bitch".
921 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, in her essay "Bitch," Beverly Gross writes about the word "bitch" and how she does not like it, because she feels that is only used in a negative way for women. The paper discusses how, on first reading it is a persuasive article tending to make people think twice about using the word "bitch," when describing a woman and how, upon closer reading, however, the critical reader sees that Gross is only using the word "bitch" as an example of the way that women are treated differently than men. The review is based on an analysis of the rhetorical aspects of the essay.
From the Paper
"Gross uses the rhetorical appeals of ethos, pathos and logos to make her argument. Ethos is when the writer tries to persuade the reader by using his or her reputation or experience as a reason. The author tells the reader what it means to him or her. There is a lot of ethos in this essay. Gross makes it very clear that she does not like the word. For example, she says, "The meaning of bitch has changed over the centuries but it remains the word that comes immediately to the tongue, still 'the most offensive appellation' the English language provides to hurl at a woman" and "Something has become someone. The ball-buster is not a disagreeable thing but a disagreeable (disagreeing?) person. A female person.""
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America, the Land of the Free, 2008.
This paper is an intensive research study of 35 Persian-American women who escaped abusive partners.
22,050 words (approx. 88.2 pages), 75 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the horrors that women of Iran endure at the hands of abusive males. It also looks at the history of the abuse and what it means to be a woman in Iran. The paper then examines the lives of 35 women who made the successful transition from being a battered Persian wife, to an independent and successful Persian-American woman (PAW). Through an intensive interview process this paper provides a solid understanding of what abused women in Iran face and what it takes for them to begin again. The paper explores the women's previous lives, their flight to safety and the hurdles they overcame once they arrived. The tangible issues including employment, language barriers and other things are discussed as well as the intangible issues including the difficulty overcoming a mindset that had been instilled for generations. The paper examines the successes and failures that these women faced and helps to illustrate the importance of a world statement for an end to abuse against women in Iran.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Statement of Problem
History Persian-Islamic Women
Interview
Interview results and discussion
Literature review
Suggestions
Study Limitations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The final section of the questionnaire consisted of common demographic questions to describe the sample and to use in further analyzing the constraints. The demographic items included age, occupation, education, family income per month, personal income, marital status, number of children, and perceived health.
A pilot study was conducted with 40 Iranian women randomly selected in the 25-40 years age group. The procedures for sample selection and questionnaire distribution were piloted along with the actual questionnaire content. Ten items were omitted from the questionnaire after the pilot testing analysis was conducted. One item from the activity list was discarded along with nine items from the constraints items. If correlations between an item and the other items in the measured area were not significant at the .01 level, the item was eliminated. These items were also compared to the Cronbach's alpha reliability test and deleted if the alpha statistic was low."
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Divorce Research: A Critical Review, 2008.
A critical review of the study by Ramisetty-Mikler and Caetano entitled "Alcohol Use and Intimate Partner Violence as Predictors of Separation Among U.S. Couples: A Longitudinal Model."
935 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the study "Alcohol Use and Intimate Partner Violence as Predictors of Separation Among U.S. Couples: A Longitudinal Model," which researches how problem drinking is a high risk factor in marital violence and divorce in married couples. The paper examines the quality of the research and concludes that the study was important, but had some flaws that could affect its overall importance and impact.
From the Paper
"The researchers conducted studies into Intimate Partner Violence (IPV), noting it is an "important risk marker" (Ramisetty-Mikler & Caetano, 2005) for couples who are married or living together. A violent male in the partnership is associated with "lower marital quality, separation and lower satisfaction in relationships" (Ramisetty-Mikler & Caetano, 2005). In fact, many subjects in divorce cases indicate their divorce occurred as a result of violence in the relationship. One study the researchers cite indicates 19 percent of women have left their relationships because of violence, and women also report having thoughts of divorce when they are married to drinkers without a significant drinking problem (Ramisetty-Mikler & Caetano, 2005). Thus, the researchers attempt to tie alcohol use with divorce and separation early in the article, and they maintain it is a problem among alcoholics, incarcerated individuals, and the general population, as well (Ramisetty-Mikler & Caetano, 2005). "
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Women and the Gold Rush, 2008.
This paper looks at the role of women during the California Gold Rush.
2,047 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer maintains that all of the events of westward expansion and manifest destiny are very important, but the most significant event which caused westward expansion in the late 1840s was the California Gold Rush. The writer focuses on the women that were involved in the gold rush and what their actual roles were. The writer notes that this is very important because most people do not realize how women like Louise Amelia Clappe and others like her affected the gold rush and what took place at that time in history. The writer concludes that the extreme greed that over took many people, the violence and tragedy that broke out over the desire for wealth, and the destruction of the native people of California made the California gold rush one of the most tumultuous times in history.
From the Paper
"The most famous tales of the California Gold Rush say that in January of 1848, James Marshall, who was an employee of John Sutter, was building a sawmill. This incomplete mill was what would later become known as Sutter's Mill, and it is where the first piece of gold that consequently started the California Gold Rush was found. Sutter received the property from the Mexican government, as he talked them into granting him 48,000 acres in the Sacramento Valley. Unfortunately, the land that the Mexican government granted to Sutter was already owned by Indians who had been in that area a great deal longer than any Mexican or American settlers. The ranch that Sutter lived on was run and staffed almost entirely by Indians. There is some discrepancy about whether or not Sutter treated his Indian workers well, or whether they were used more as slaves."
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Human Sexuality: Legalized Prostitution, 2008.
A look at the issue of prostitution in USA.
1,647 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper includes a brief overview of the history of prostitution in America. Following, an analysis of the benefits and effects of legalizing prostitution in today's society including statistical support for the legalization of prostitution, the paper argues legalizing prostitution will help prevent the spread of disease and protect women engaged in this profession from unnecessary violence and abuse.
Outline:
Introduction
History
Prostitution in the Modern Era
Conclusions
From the Paper
""Sex" work is nothing new; for centuries women in American have engaged in alternative work including prostitution (Scambler & Scambler, 1997; Roberts, 1992). With prostitution however, also comes stigmatization of women and "reduced civil liberties and rights of human dignity" as well as rapidly rising risks for disease or death for many women engaged in this form of employment (Scambler & Scambler, 1997, p. 3). Prostitution has been a profession since ancient times; in Ancient Greek society for example, prostitutions were known as autonomous individuals holding a certain status in society (Scambler & Scambler, 1997). It was only during the growth and expansion of Christianity and other religions in America that prostitution became associated with a "bad girl" image, suggesting women engaged in prostitution were "sinners" acting against puritan idealisms of "social purity" and morality (Scambler & Scambler, 1997). These ideals however, did not consider the economic poverty that often drove many women into prostitution, nor a woman's right to choose her line of work and enjoy greater autonomy (Roberts, 1992)."
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Breastfeeding, 2008.
This paper explores the population trends of breastfeeding women and what can be done to encourage this practice.
2,674 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 35 sources, MLA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the declining rates of breastfeeding, particularly among low-income and working mothers, with the intent to support increasing those levels among those populations. The paper describes the physiology of lactation, explores the barriers to breastfeeding and looks at the Hispanic community that experiences one of the largest deficits in overall rates of breast feeding. The paper discusses the post-delivery care when a lot of attention must be paid to helping women become active breast-feeders and relates that the quality and standards of care vary widely among the urban areas, states and individual practitioners. The paper discusses the role of nurse practitioners who must encourage their patients to breastfeed since breastfeeding has an overall positive life-long impact upon the health of a child.
Outline:
Physiology of Lactation
Barriers to Breastfeeding
Population
Current Standards of Care after Delivery
The Role of Nurse Practitioners
Increasing Knowledge of Breastfeeding in the Practice
From the Paper
"Breastfeeding has, until relatively recently in our cultural history, been an unavoidable part of life throughout the entire world. But, in the "modern" era, a wave engulfed many mothers, particularly during the mid-twentieth century, which promoted the use of "formula", or manufactured powders that were thought to be nutritionally superior to mother's milk and, less potentially offensive to others (puritanical morals being what they were in the 1940's through mid 1960's). We now live in a world where advertisers say "breast milk is best", but then push the ease and benefits of their manufactured products. Women increasingly turn to formula when they cannot or will not breastfeed in public, or are otherwise forced to use methods such as breast pumps in order to feed their children while managing a job or otherwise busy schedule. Several studies have shown that there have been a series of declines in particular populations of the number of women breastfeeding at various times followed by upswings in other populations or communities."
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