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Religion and Gender Inequality, 2008.
An analysis of the role of religion in gender discrimination, especially in Canada.
2,342 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the role of organized religion in ideas and practices regarding the social construction of gender. The writer believes that the three religions in the Judeo-Christian tradition, i.e. Judaism, Islam and Christianity, have helped to sustain deeply sexist cultures. The writer argues that these religions are so deeply patriarchal that reform along feminist lines is simply not possible. The writer also points out that the primary religion affecting state decisions in Canada is Christianity, although there are also many Canadian women who are kept subjugated by Islam and Judaism. In conclusion, the writer suggests that the key is to move our society as far away as possible from religious dogma of all kinds. Feminists in Canada must therefore strive to increase the separation of church and state in this country.
From the Paper
"Judaism, Islam and Christianity are similar in that they all espouse the doctrine of belief in one, very-definitely male, god. Therefore, they may be perceived as patriarchal monotheisms, based on an all-powerful, father-like God. This God varies in specifics; for example, whether he is primarily kind and loving, or primarily wrathful and vengeance-driven. However, he is much the same in all the essentials - he is all-powerful, all-seeing, omniscient, and male. Moreover, one could make a strong argument that all three of these gods are also misogynistic."
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Caribbean Women, 2008.
A review of "The Indentureship Experience" and "Feminism, Nationalism, and the Early Women's movement in the English-Speaking Caribbean" by Rhoda Reddock.
724 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses themes related to Caribbean women through a discussion of "The Indentureship Experience" and "Feminism, Nationalism, and the Early Women's movement in the English-Speaking Caribbean" by Rhoda Reddock. The paper argues that although these readings focus on different aspects of Caribbean women's studies there are a number of similar themes.
From the Paper
"Reddock argues that many of the early feminist movements in the Caribbean developed out of projects to develop economic capacity. In particular she notes that the self-help society of Jamaica and the home industries in Trinidad and Tobago developed as small operations to create jobs and allow people to earn livelihoods(Reddock 63-64)."
"The fact that feminism was linked to charitable organizations was a direct attempt to keep women out of public life. Reddock argues that these women were allowed to participate in these charities because it was not seen as a threat to patriarchal power. In fact women's participation in these organizations actually strengthened men's domination in society. This was done by linking women's public activities to activities conducted in the private sphere(Reddock 65-67)."
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Hockey and Women, 2008.
This paper examines women's increasing inclusion and success in Canadian hockey.
1,067 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses ho,w although Canada is a liberal society based on equal rights, hockey is traditionally seen as a sport for men, since it involves power, violence and brute force. The paper first looks at Canada's long history of sexist thinking and women's growing role in hockey today. The paper then discusses the success of Canada's Olympic women's ice hockey team that indicates that traditional, sexist notions of women in sport are finally being overturned.
Outline:
Introduction
Women and Hockey
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Though the popular media is now making moves towards supporting and encouraging women's participation in ice hockey, it is true that the sport in Canada has a long history of sexist thinking. Sports observers have even acknowledged that women were certainly a late inclusion in the world of "masculine" sports. Such voices include Gruneau and Whitson (1994), authors of the book "Hockey Night in Canada". Gruneau and Whitson acknowledge that women have painstakingly made their way in the hockey arena after fighting decades of repression and sexist stereotyping. As the authors attest, it was more than a hundred years after hockey was born that women were finally recognized as potential players."
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Equality in Japan and China, 2008.
This paper discusses the influence of western civilization on the social status of women in Japan and China.
2,786 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the role of women in Japan and China has undergone a significant change due to the profound influence of Western culture in these Asian countries. This paper examines the history of the social status of both Japanese and Chinese women, and looks at how that status has changed and evolved over the years as the West has imposed its values on both countries' citizens. The writer argues that Japanese and Chinese women have experienced both positive and negative outcomes in social equality due to the impact of Western civilization on these two Eastern powers, however, the positives far outweigh the negatives.
Outline:
Introduction
Japanese Women prior to World War II
Post World War II Japanese Women
Chinese women and their status after the influence of Western culture
The Social Equality of Japanese and Chinese Women
Negative social outcomes due to Western influence
Japan
China
Refuting the Negative Social Outcomes Due to Western Influence
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Overall, women in Japan and China today experience much more social equality than their mothers and grandmothers ever did. Each great Eastern power was under the influence of Confucius and the old customs that made women subservient to their husbands, and even to their eldest sons.
"Since Western standards of gender equality have encroached the East, women in both Japan and China have had a much greater opportunity for education. This is evident in the sharply increased female enrollment at the university level in both powers."
"The glass ceiling for women not only exists for women in Japan and China, but also is still an issue in the United States. Nonetheless, there are increased opportunities within the work place due to higher academic achievement among Japanese and Chinese women. Women are now in government offices in both powers and greater opportunities will no doubt abound in time."
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Why are so Few Women Participating in Politics, 2008.
An overview of women's participation in the world of politics.
2,338 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the issue of women participating in politics and argues that the suffragettes had it the wrong way around as the fact of women being able to vote did not suffice to bring about gender equity in society. This author explains the necessity to change society radically, from its ideological foundations upwards, which will result in an equalization of material conditions for the sexes, and in turn, manifest as equivalent levels of political participation.
From the Paper
"It is necessary to preface this argument with an important caveat, so that we are not working from a basis of simplistic over-generalizations. The first thing that should be borne in mind is that globally, levels of female participation vary. As noted by Oyewumi (2005):
The worldwide ... male dominance in all spheres of human endeavour is normally negatively correlated with women's participation in politics. The higher the level of male dominance in society, the lower women's participation in politics. Put another way, it is assumed that in any given society, the more equal ... women are to men, the greater their political participation, and the greater their political participation the more equal they are. (p. 1)
Oyewumi (2005) concedes that this is a chicken and egg situation, but argues that improved material conditions for women (such as more access to education) will lead to greater political participation. However, many societies in Africa still incorporate vast differences in material conditions for men and women. Accordingly, Oyewumi (2005) notes that the level of female participation in politics in Africa tends to be low, with some notable exceptions. While this provides the basis for a sociological or materialist explanation of low participation by women in politics in Africa, it fails to adequately account for the low participation of women in politics in the Global North. While full equality has yet to be achieved, the fact is that many doors are open to women, that were never open before. How then do we account for this apparent anomaly?"
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Women of Power, 2008.
A look at the role of native women in pre-confederation Canada.
1,679 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that native women who married white fur traders in pre-confederation Canada, did so because they knew that they fulfilled an important intermediary role within native/white business relations, and thus stood to see their social and economic status increase dramatically through marriage to non-native men. It was understood that being a translator and a bridge to both worlds was an excellent means of accruing power, status and capital. The paper maintains that, although there were external pressures that may often have propelled native women into one marriage or another, the final decision to marry a white man was chiefly prompted by self-interest.
From the Paper
"Suffice it to say, the early Canadian fur trade that prospered in Canada during the seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries would not have been possible unless two racial groups - Native Americans and their European counterparts - found a way to work together in some fashion for the enrichment of both. Sylvia Van Kirk, one of the more perceptive students of the old Canadian fur trade, has written that the native women in those Indian communities that came into contact with white European traders found themselves caught between two groups of males: the male leaders of their own community, and the enterprising traders of the European colonizers. In a very real sense, these native women used their status as the wives of traders to act as "go-betweens" or as "social brokers" between two groups with often strained relations. In fact, Van Kirk is largely of the view that native women used their status as a go-between to bolster their own stature while, at the very same time, they coveted the economic power that derived from being the wife of a fur trader. In that sense, the old notion that these women were somehow agent-less victims is one that desperately needs to be cast aside in favor of a more modern interpretation."
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Community Analysis, 2008.
An explanation of the various nested systems in the family unit involved in the psychological development of a child.
1,751 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an explanation of the four nested systems of roles, norms and rules that have a direct impact on the psychological development of a child. The author draws on her own experiences within her family unit and the influence of the microsystems of her family to illustrate her points and suggests that mothers should be educated and empowered on how to educate and empower their daughters from birth.
From the Paper
"This binary gender system comes complete with expectations for all aspects of existence. I believe these are dictated by the macrosystem, but interestingly, are primarily communicated and enforced by the microsystem. Thus, this interaction is that the microsystem acts as a conduit, passing on the values of the macrosystem, and making sure they are enforced. For a start, it defined the role I was supposed to play: nurturing, caring, empathetic, passive, meek, accommodating, with a particular love of housework drudgery and sewing. Secondly, it defined a wide range of norms I was supposed to conform to: feminine, with a love of pretty dresses and other adornments, and a disdain for dirt and sweat. Later, I was supposed to become coquettish yet fundamentally chaste, and to use indirect wiles to achieve my goals, rather than direct demands. Finally, all of this came with iron-clad rules that were not to be broken. There were so many of these that it is impossible to record them all. However, examples would be: Girls must not climb trees; girls must never fight; girls are allowed to cry if there is a good enough reason; all girls must love to play with dolls at all time; all girls must wear pink dresses at least three times a week; girls are expected to exhibit extra diligence with their schoolwork to make up for their natural inferiority; etc."
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Patriarchal Victorian Society, 2008.
This paper analyzes the patriarchal institution of marriage in "The Yellow Wallpaper" by Charlotte Perkins Gilman and "Hedda Gabler" by Henrik Ibsen.
1,098 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper compares the marital relationships of the couples in in "Hedda Gabler" by Henrik Ibsen and "The Yellow Wallpaper" by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. The paper shows how although these four characters provide differing levels of abuse and conflict, there is the central premise of female submission in the institution of Victorian marriages.
From the Paper
"Hedda Gabler is yet another play in which Ibsen is blatantly misogynist in his values toward women, but not without ding an element of revolt in their lack of conforming to patriarchal Victorian principles. Gabler is invariably the same type of woman that desires to be respected by the men in her life, but she does not often go against social norms to eradicate the institutional misogyny that she faces with George in her marriage. Ibsen seeks to show the difference between social independence and social acceptance in many of the characters that he presents in this play. George Tesman is the Victorian intellectual that sees his wife as a caretaker for the house, and he often neglects to treat her as an equal."
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"Rebecca": Women and Society, 2008.
An in-depth examination of the novel "Rebecca" by Daphne Du Maurier.
3,827 words (approx. 15.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 105.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the novel "Rebecca" by Daphne Du Maurier and focuses on how the role of women in a patriarchal society is given particular attention in the context of the novel. The paper refers to the novel "Jane Eyre" by Emile Bronte that also reflects some of the same themes about women in an earlier era. The paper examines the gothic elements present in this work and shows how Du Maurier paints a picture of society as it was.
From the Paper
"The central character is a woman who becomes involved in a romantic relationship. She is a woman ultimately bound to the past, a past which interferes with the present and which makes a meaningful relationship nearly impossible until the holdovers from that past are resolved. In Rebecca, the past is represented in a dead woman who effectively--though not literally--"haunts" the house where the husband brings his new wife. Maxim de Winter was once married to Rebecca, and her presence is still felt throughout the house where they lived together, a presence reinforced by her clothes, her room, and her portrait. The new wife--a woman set apart from everyone else by the fact that neither the novel nor the film gives her a name, though the whole story is seen through her eyes--feels this presence most acutely. She also believes that Max loved Rebecca so much that he cannot escape from her memory, making the role of new wife especially difficult. This turns out not to be the case, but the new wife believes it and reacts accordingly."
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Hildegard and Sex Complementarity, 2008.
A discussion of equality of the sexes in Sister Prudence Allen's article "Hildegard of Bingen".
1,920 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a close look at Sister Prudence Allen's article on Hildegard of Bingen, entitled "Hildegard of Bingen" (1985). The paper maintains that the article's main point is that Hildegard was the very first person to articulate the theory of the complementarity of the sexes. The article claims that this complementarity theory was original to Hildegard; thus Hildegard made a significant contribution to the history of the concept of woman in relation to man. The paper agrees with the article, concluding that Hildegard did indeed succeed in vindicating the equality of woman with man by presenting a cogent, comprehensive and multifaceted argument for the complementarity of man and woman.
From the Paper
"However, the important point is that Hildegard balanced this notion with a defence of the quality of woman and man, based on a metaphysical framework of sex complementarity in heaven and in the world. For example, in procreation, while man deposits the cold seed, it is woman's warmth that must grow the seed. Similarly, in heaven male saints are equal to but different from female saints; while on earth woman and man have equal access to both the private and public spheres of activity (Allen, 1985)."
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Cohabitation, Divorce and Stepfamilies, 2008.
This paper discusses cohabitation, divorce and stepfamilies based on the book "The Family" by Ross. J. Eshleman.
995 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on cohabitation, divorce and stepfamilies. The paper discusses each of these issues in relation to the impact that it has on the individuals within society and the facts that are connected to the life events. The paper uses the work of Ross Eshleman to explore each of these concerns, with the research offering facts that are connected to the most current state of cohabitation, divorce and stepfamilies
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Cohabitation
Divorce
Stepfamilies
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Eshleman (2003) states that all 50 states in the nation have divorce laws that are specific to the state . According to Eshleman (2003), the most common grounds for divorce include "breakdown of marriage. Incompatibility, cruelty, desertion...[or] irreconcilable differences." Children within a marriage will tend to have an affect on whether or not a divorce is pursued if the children are in their preschool years and born during the marriage. However, when children have been born previous to the marriage or are in the teen years the impact that they have on divorce in increased."
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Black Women Organizations, 2008.
This paper examines the influence of black women's movements in the past century.
1,760 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
The paper explores how various organizations played important, although different, roles in the advance of black women in America. The paper looks at the organizations of Mary Church Terrell, Mary McLeod Bethune, Dorothy Height and Helena Wilson and shows how they reflected differing attitudes on matter of class, race, and gender.
From the Paper
"In the early twentieth century, the National Association of Colored Women (the "Association"), the Ladies Auxiliary of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters (the "Auxiliary"), and the National Council of Negro Women (the "Council") played important although different roles in the advance of blacks in America. These organizations' leaders, especially Mary Church Terrell, Mary McLeod Bethune, Dorothy Height, and Helena Wilson, shaped the rising strength of movements among black women. In their various efforts, they reflected differing attitudes on matter of class, race, and gender."
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