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The Image of Women in Society, 2008.
This paper examines the process of gender socialization as portrayed in various images.
1,926 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the image society has of women through an examination of a child's toy (the Kim Possible Doll), advertising images for Skechers and the television show "The Closer." The paper discusses how the external image of youth, beauty and especially being thin is projected as a virtual necessity. The paper looks at the harmful effects this has on the self-image of girls and young women trying to emulate what they believe is the ideal.
Outline:
Introduction
Kim Possible Doll
Skechers Models
The Closer
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The prevailing doll image offered to young girls for many years has been the Barbie Doll, the image of an extremely thin young woman, with an emphasis on thin-ness, beauty, perfect hair, and perfect makeup. This is only one source of this sort of image, and many of the images from popular culture reinforce this idea.
"Meta G. Carstarphen and Susan C. Zavoina write specifically about the experience of adolescent girls and note how these girls are influenced by images of girls their age in magazines like Seventeen and Teen, among other sources, and the authors note first that advertising is directed at young people because they represent an important target market, if one that is particularly vulnerable: "A time of awkwardness and opportunity, adolescence represents a critical time of identity formation for both boys and girls" (Carstarphen and Zavoina 94)."
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Violence Against Women, 2008.
An analysis of the perceptions relating to violence against women, as portrayed in the film, "Sling Blade," directed by Billy Bob Thornton.
1,565 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the perceptions and cultural context in which violence against women can occur. It analyzes the 1996 film, "Sling Blade," directed by Billy Bob Thornton and describes how the perceptions relating to violence against women are portrayed in the film. The paper discusses the plot and the characters and their roles in this issue.
From the Paper
"Schwartz and DeKeseredy (94) concluded that violence in general and violence against women are regarded as the norm and as perfectly acceptable. Other institutions not only accept the idea of violence but also promote aggression and competition for young males, but not for females who are seen as being in submissive roles. This cultural context that supports violence against women is precisely what caused Karl's confusion. As well, while the violence is often acceptable, interference to end it can result in serious problems for the person who intervenes. Karl's story is one of moral development and of success in making distinctions and knowing when to take appropriate action against violence. Given the complex cultural context that supports violence, Karl's achievement is truly momentous."
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Canadian Divorce Law, 2007.
This paper is a case study, which explores Canadian divorce law as applied to the rights of a woman whose 17-year old marriage is being terminated.
1,105 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, because Canadian law seeks, as a general rule, to reward the efforts of the spouses equally vis-a-vis the allocation of the marital goods, it seems fairly evident that the woman should receive half of everything acquired by her husband over the course of their marriage. The author points out that this ruling includes a "fair" portion of the former husband's pension if that was something he was able to secure after their marriage unfolded. The paper argues that the spouse took care of the children and has been out of the workforce for nearly two decades; therefore, it would be patently unfair to leave her without some long-term means of support. The author stresses that she is every bit as entitled to enjoy the fruits of the husband's success as he is.
From the Paper
"First of all, Canada has a 20-year old Divorce Act which clearly states that a divorce is permissible if the couple have been separated for at least one year. In that regard, there is really no way that either party can contest the decision to end the relationship even if one of them decides after the fact that they wish to keep things going; from Kate's perspective, any fears that Ben might turn around and contest the agreed-upon divorce at some point in the future appear to be ill-founded. In any event, Kate is still in a challenging situation - at least at first glance."
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Women and Religion, 2008.
A comparative analysis of the limited rights of women in Islam and Judaism.
707 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how studying and analyzing Abrahamic religions such as Judaism and Islam confirms that, within these religions, women were believed to be inferior to men, had very limited rights, and were expected to be completely subservient. It looks at how over the centuries, the rights of Jewish women have been gradually recognized and acknowledged and how, in contrast, in most Islamic societies, women are still considered inferior to men and still have very limited rights.
From the Paper
"The limited rights of women in Abrahamic faiths is reflected in the Old Testament trend of gender bias, which was established immediately in the Book of Genesis, when Eve was portrayed as someone whose only reason for existence was to be Adam's companion and helpmate and to keep him from being lonely. The author or authors of the Book of Genesis then proceeded to depict Eve as a gullible creature who defied God and provoked Adam to do the same, thus ruining their blissful life in the Garden of Eden. By blaming all of the consequences of this act on Eve, and through her on all women, the ancient Jewish religious authorities established what they considered justification for restricting the rights of women. "
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Women's Rights, 2008.
The paper examines Virginia Woolf's essay "A Room of One's Own" and Ama Ata Aidoo's "There Is No Sweetness Here".
1,409 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
The paper first examines Virginia Woolf's essay "A Room of One's Own", which looks at the imbalance of power and rights between women and men. The paper also examines Ama Ata Aidoo's story "There Is No Sweetness Here", which focuses on the repression of the African woman and the tension between Western and African cultural views. The paper discusses how these two stories personify the struggle for women's rights.
From the Paper
"A series of lectures that was presented by Virginia Woolf not only had a remarkable story line but also a deeper meaning. Woolf was at the time considered a "'high modernist' and "was an advocate for both democratic inclusiveness and intellectual education." In bridging these two spheres, she forged a positive answer to one of her culture's most pressing concerns (Cuddy-Keane 1). This concern was the rights or lack thereof for women. Woolf achieved this distinction in her 1928 lectures to the Newnham and Girton Colleges on the topics of fiction and women. One of the most notable lectures that came from this time was the extended essay, "A Room of One's Own". This essay is sarcastically written about the imbalance of power and rights between women and men. During her delivery to colleges, Woolf was making a much bigger statement than the surface of this essay and others very similar alluded to. Woolf makes use of symbolism and suggestive roles in order to express her opinion on feminism."
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Females in American Slavery, 2008.
A discussion of "A'rn't I a Woman? Female Slaves in the Plantation South" by Deborah Gray White.
984 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper examines "A'rn't I a Woman?" by Deborah Gray White, which focuses on the roles of females in the pre-Civil War American society.
The paper discusses White's belief that female slaves endured not only racism but sexism and how stereotypes of both black women and white mistresses were totally unfair and untrue. The paper looks at how White explains the black female slaves' cultural survival. The paper concludes that the metaphorical question, "Ar'n't I a Woman?" is answered by the historical record of courage, resistance, survival and female heroism that comprised the experience of black African-American women during this period.
From the Paper
"The historians of slavery of an earlier generation, as exemplified by Ulrich B. Phillips, painted a somewhat romanticized picture of slave life on the plantations that would be considered distorted and oversimplified by modern historical standards. This was in keeping with the ideology of "sectional healing" after the Civil War, in which whites in the North and South reunified under the infamous Tilden Hays Deal of 1877. That pact essentially sealed the fate of the political and economic reforms attempted under Reconstruction, completed the evacuation of the progressive Union Army from the South, and allowed white supremacy to return for many subsequent decades, until it was successfully challenged in the 1950s and 1960s by the modern Civil Rights Movement. Phillips distorted picture of the Old South featuring blissful student slaves on the plantation-as-school was challenged historians of the 1950s such as Kenneth Stampp and Stanley Elkins."
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Suffrage in the New World, 2008.
A literature review of the correlation between economic development and suffrage across North America.
1,118 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the extension of suffrage affected long-term economic development in the America's vis-a-vis wealth distribution and political influence. It looks at the U.S. democratic model as a paradigm explaining why economic elite might choose to award universal suffrage. The paper concludes that the U.S. eventual granting of, what they deemed to be universal suffrage, was due to the machinations of the political elite and that universal suffrage never existed in any real sense until later in the 20th century, contrary to popular opinion.
Outline:
Article Summary
Literature Review
Analysis
From the Paper
"Even after universal suffrage for both women and blacks in America were granted, it was not until the mid 1960s that many legal and regulatory barriers that prevented many women and blacks from voting were struck down in the Supreme Court of that country (Perelman 149). The only conclusion that can be made regarding this development is that even in the U.S. the political elite did not freely choose to award universal suffrage in that country's beginning nor even in its later developmental stages. This seems to be a point that Engerman and Sokoloff completely overlook in their research regarding economic development through institutional control and granting of suffrage. "
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Women and Equality, 2008.
An outline of a proposed paper to explore whether men and women are equal in contemporary Canadian society.
946 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
The paper presents an outline for a paper that will look at the recent history of the feminist movement and explore legislation on affirmative action, domestic violence issues, issues pertaining to workplace harassment and sexual assault and on matters relating to equal pay for equal work. The paper explains that the research will look at the legal and institutional apparatuses which have sprung up in recent decades to protect women and whether those apparatuses are actually working. The paper further explains that the proposed research will conclude by arguing that the quality of citizenship and democracy in Canada is profoundly compromised if half of the population is being treated unequally.
From the Paper
"The structure of my argument will proceed from broad to narrow - or at least it will do so as much as possible. Depending upon the sources available to me, I would like to start out by looking at the history of the women's movement in Canada from around 1970 onward, paying special attention to any benchmark achievements or successes that have taken place since that time. Of course, before going into this matter in great depth, I will most likely contextualize the issue by looking at the status of women before that date (although I really do not want to spend a great deal of time upon it). With the historical background out of the way, I will examine the situation as it presently stands. In particular, I will try to use scholarly databases which provide up-to-date information on rape statistics and the number of women to be found in non-traditional occupations or positions (such as senior management). Ultimately, I hope to use specific examples of where women are in ascendance or where they are still lagging behind; I may also discover that the concerns many women have about various issues are unfounded."
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Beauty Contests, 2008.
This paper explores the cultural practice known as the "beauty pageant".
1,543 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the importance of the cultural practice of the beauty pageant, in particular the Miss America beauty contest. The paper discusses how although there has been scholarly aversion to studying the phenomenon, it is clear that this apparently frivolous cultural practice is enormously significant in shaping how sexuality, gender and race are shaped within the broader fabric of power relationships in our society. The paper also demonstrates how this cultural practice has spread across the world during the twentieth century to become a global phenomenon.
From the Paper
"The topic of "beauty" and, in particular, "beauty pageants" is a highly controversial one in contemporary academia. In the wake of late twentieth century feminism, scholars in the fields of sociology and anthropology "often see beauty contests as somehow trivial, frivolous, or vulgar" (Cohen 5). In large measure, this scholarly response reflects the widespread controversy over addressing the cultural construction of "beauty" in the modern context. While feminist critics have led the debate over the scholarly analysis of the construction of beauty, scholars in other fields have tended to avoid discussion of the issue and the cultural practice of beauty contests. As one critic observes of this scholarly aversion: "The failure to grant beauty pageants serious attention may reflect a reluctance to deal with beauty itself as a serious matter" (Cohen 6)."
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The Legalization of Prostitution, 2006.
An examination of the legalization of prostitution as a positive step towards protecting the safety and dignity of sex-trade workers.
1,629 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the positive effects that legalization of prostitution would have not only on the people involved in this industry, but on society as a whole. The writer discusses a recent study that focuses chiefly upon the impact of legalized brothels in Nevada. The writer further explains how, based on this study, legalization will reduce the spread of sexually-transmitted disease, cut down on violence against sex-trade workers, and discourage the upsetting of public order. The writer concludes that while there is an understandable public aversion to legalizing prostitution, the benefits to women engaged in this industry makes legalization something law-makers should seriously consider.
From the Paper
"One of the first things which becomes apparent with regards to the legalization of prostitution is that several of the rationales which have historically been brought forward in defense of keeping it illegal - reducing the threat of sexually-transmitted diseases, discouraging "violence" against community order, and thwarting inter-personal violence against women who happen to be sex-trade workers - are actually better-served by legalization. For example, a recent study - focusing chiefly upon the impact of legalized brothels in Nevada - reveals that a compelling case can be put forward that legalization of prostitution brings with it a level of public scrutiny and observation, a measure of official regulation, and sufficient "bureaucratization" that the forms of violence detailed above are actually reduced (Brents, 270 and 280-295)."
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Gender Transgression and Video Game Culture, 2007.
An examination of gender transgression - specifically, the violation of traditional gender roles by females - in video games and video game culture.
2,312 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that video games represent a site for role-playing in ways that violate both the corporate-constructed gender roles of game worlds, as well as the norms of masculine and feminine in our society. The writer discusses how this analysis applies to a range of levels in video game culture: the design level with its sub-culture of game patch design where users patch existing video games to fundamentally re-design game worlds that reflect distinct constructions of masculinity and femininity and the game play level where both female and male users play games in ways that challenge normative gender roles. The writer's main focus is on female game designers and players, whose interactions with video game culture critically undermines common conceptions of female gender identity.
Outline:
Introduction
Gender Bias as a Methodological Problem
Women Coding Women: The New Gaming Female
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In reviewing the scholarly literature upon gender roles and video game culture, it is important to recognize the operation of gender bias as a methodological problem. Before one can address the subject of video game and gender role transgression among females, one must note the profound degree to which traditional gender biases appear to impact scholarship on the subject of video game culture. Consider, for example, the question of the popularity of video games among males versus females, as well as the view that males prefer "violent" games while female players tend to reject these games for games that better reflect "feminine" qualities. There is a substantial body of research literature that has argued since the late 1980s that video games are a predominantly male cultural preoccupation. Surveys tended to reveal an extraordinary disproportion both in terms of numbers of players and the lengths of time devoted to gameplay. For example, adolescent boys have been shown to be as much as three times more likely to play video games as adolescent girls."
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Gender Bias and Women in Sports, 2007.
An examination of the challenges posed for women in sports by the gender binary system.
2,441 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper explains how female athletes face tremendous obstacles and prejudice because by definition they are in opposition to the twin pillars of our patriarchal society: the gender binary system, and compulsory heterosexuality. The paper shows that many athletes and athletic organizations spend a great deal of energy on countering suspicions that women athletes are not "natural," "real," heterosexual, feminine women. The writer suggests that women stop wasting their energy on counteracting societal prejudices, and concentrate on being the best athletes they can be. The paper concludes that society has to change, and acknowledge and affirm the new ways in which 21st century women are choosing to express themselves. The writer believes that in this way, women's sports will some day command the same respect and money as men's sports do.
From the Paper
"Our society is rigidly structured on the basis of a gender binary system, which stipulates and prescribes that there must be two - and only two -genders, and moreover that these two genders are the opposites of one another. This system commonly posits the male as the norm, and the female as merely the "other," or simply the opposite of the norm. Within this system, certain attributes are regarded as quintessentially masculine, and others as feminine. Deviation from this is not well tolerated by mainstream society, possibly because it threatens the patriarchal status quo."
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