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Gender and Spirituality, 2007.
An analysis and comparison of gender and spirituality through an interview with Anna, a Wiccan Woman, and that of Nisa of the Kung peoples.
1,006 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This anthropological study evaluates an interview with Anna, a fifty-year-old Wiccan woman alongside that of Nisa of the Kung peoples. The basis of this comparison aims to define the similar spiritual and gender -based beliefs of each of these women, as they reveal their beliefs through their experiences in two differing environments. By evaluating these two women, the paper aims to show the similarities that stretch beyond normal societal barriers between indigenous and western cultures within a spiritual and gender role context.
From the Paper
"In this manner, the anthropological aspects of similarity between these women show a concerted effort to reach deeper beneath the surface features of their societies, and find particular experiences that defy the patriarchal aspects of their beliefs. Nisa is aware of how men are not absolutist in their views of gender roles, just as Anna is also aware that it is not men in general that is the problem within her beliefs, it is the gender role stereotypes created externally (through the media and education) that she chooses to battle. For Anna it is the male/female unification of gender roles of Wicca that reinforce her belief in greater feminine wisdom, which is also deeply embedded within the beliefs that Nisa imparts within the details of her spiritual life."
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African-American Women and Suicide, 2007.
This paper explores the possible reasons for the low suicide rates among African-American woman.
1,462 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper reveals that, although suicide rates are at epidemic proportions, suicide rates for African-American women are unusually low. The paper reviews the statistical patterns of suicide in the United States and in minorities around the world and discusses the plight of the African-American woman in relation to psychosocial and psychological issues. The paper then discusses coping devices used by African-American women that are associated with lower suicide rates.
Outline:
Plight of the African-American Women
Protective factors
From the Paper
"Eight hundred thousand (800,000) died by their own hand throughout the world in 2000; more than died that year in all of the wars and armed conflicts (McKenzie, Serafty & Crawford, 2003). With an average of 30,000 deaths per year, suicide is the ranked as the eighth leading cause of death in the United States, with the risk to white females being double that of all non-white minority groups combined (Mann, 2000). Among African Americans aged 25 to 44, suicide was considered the seventh leading cause of death in 2000 (Kaslow, Thompson, Meadows, Chance, Puett, Hollins, Jessee & Kellermann, 2000). In 2002, 1,939 African Americans committed suicide; of these only 306 were female, providing a male to female suicide ratio of 5.34:1 ("African American," 2004). Pryor (2006) states that in the United States, every 78 seconds at least one woman will make a suicide attempt, however only one woman will actually commit suicide every 90 minutes."
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Global South Women, 2007.
An analysis of Alison M. Jaggar's article, "Vulnerable Women and Neo-Liberal Globalization: Debt Burdens Undermine Women's Health in the Global South".
923 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the plight of women under neo-liberal globalization as outlined by Alison M. Jaggar's article, "Vulnerable Women and Neo-Liberal Globalization: Debt Burdens Undermine Women's Health in the Global South". It provides a summary description of the article and then looks at the underlying determinants exacerbating the problem of women's health in the developing parts of the world. From there, the paper briefly explores the intermediate and proximate determinants of the global health issue.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Summary Description of Global Health Issue
Underlying Determinants Explaining Why Global South Women Suffer under "Neo-Lib" Globalization
Intermediate Determinants
Proximate Determinants of Why Global South Women Struggle from a Health Standpoint
Conclusion
From the Paper
"At the proximate level, many women in the global south must deal with the day-to-day reality of being malnourished; to this state of affairs one must also add the poor sanitation and insufficient access to suitable drinking water that one commonly finds in impoverished lands. It is important to also realize that the absence of a meaningful education also means that many of these women are ignorant of what they should be putting into their bodies and what steps they should be taking to secure their own long-term vitality. Just to elaborate on this last point, eating disorders are not merely ubiquitous in developing lands, but have been shown to precipitate troubling health problems in their offspring, as well ("Nutrition and Reproduction in Women," 193-200). This phenomenon thus allows health maladies to be passed on from one generation of young women to the next generation of young women."
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Olympe de Gouge, 2007.
This paper discusses the life of Olympe de Gouge and her focus on liberating women.
1,258 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that women in the 17th and 18th centuries had no rights; only the men could vote or participate in politics. The paper discusses the life of Olympe de Gouges, one of many women who sought freedom for women including the right to vote and to a higher education. The paper shows how her convictions ultimately led to her death.
Outline:
Women in the 17th and 18th Century
Olympe de Gouge
From the Paper
"Imagine living during the 17th and 18th Century where women had no rights in public nor in their homes. They did not have the right to vote nor were they encouraged to go to college. Olympe de Gouges was born as Marie Gouze in 1745. She was the daughter of a butcher and a washerwoman, but she changed her life when she married an older man who had sufficient funds to support herself in Paris (Olympe de Gouges p. 1). The 17th and 18th Century were difficult times for women who wanted their freedom to be writers, politicians, teachers, or the freedom to vote. Olympe de Gouges was one of many women who sought freedom for women including the right to vote and a higher education, but ultimately this led to her death."
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The Character of Daisy Miller, 2007.
An analysis of the expectations of women, as seen in Henry James' "Daisy Miller".
2,149 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the character of Daisy Miller as found in "Daisy Miller", written by Henry James. The paper describes the times in which the book was set and the expectations of women in those times. The paper then discusses how Daisy Miller does not conform to the typical role of women of that era. It also shows how some of the other characters react to her.
From the Paper
"It is evident that the character of Daisy was constantly misunderstood by the society of Europe in the late 1800s. The character was considered a disgrace to her gender and socially inferior because of elements in her character that could not be tolerated by the social elite. While it could be contended that Daisy Miller was attempting to rebel against the European upper class, or that she was irresponsible to her social position, Daisy Miller was simply being true to her American beliefs about gender. Women's Suffrage and the progress of women outside of the home framed Daisy's viewpoints on her existence. Once in Europe these notions began to shape her relationship with others, both of European and American backgrounds. As the Europeans were insisting that Daisy understand the European customs in relation to propriety, the same people were negligent in comprehending Daisy's American heritage. However, the misconceptions that occurred throughout the story demonstrated how assumptions only serve to create a wider gap of communication between all people. James shows his readers that the practice of guilt by means of assumption occurs in reality, as well as in fiction."
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Societal Pressures and "The House of Mirth", 2007.
An analysis of the societal pressure on women in Edith Wharton's novel, "The House of Mirth".
1,238 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the societal pressures that are presented and discussed in Edith Wharton's novel, "The House of Mirth". It explains the role of the main character, Lily Bart and how she had the responsibility of learning to function as a member of her class. It also points out that Edith Wharton was able to turn away from the strictures of her youth as she grew older but the character of Lily Bart could not. The paper compares Lily's choices to the choices of the modern woman.
Table of Contents:
Social Pressures
Pressure to Marry
Modern Women's Choices
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Lily Bart was a product of her times. She was raised in a family with good social connections, but with little money. When left on her own, Lily had no way to support herself. She became not only a product of her times, but also a victim of them, as she tried to find her way to getting a husband. Her failure to do so, as well as her death, were both the result of her primary failure in making the correct decisions. Neither of these failures were truly her fault; society had not taught her how to weigh the options that were open to her to make the correct decisions."
"Today, Lily Bart would have more options open to her. She would have access to social services programs. She would also have the ability to work and to think for herself. Living when she did, however, it was almost inevitable that Lily Bart would die as she did: alone, poor, and with hope being only an elusive dream."
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Emotion and Morality, 2007.
This paper explores Immanuel Kant and David Hume's ideas on morality and emotions.
939 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Kant's belief that fulfilling responsibilities could only be a rational choice, as opposed to an emotional choice. The paper looks at Hume who, on the contrary, believed that moral judgments were related to sentiments. The paper explains how Kant and Hume apply their theories to women. The paper concludes that Hume's theory of morality would appear to be the most applicable to human beings of the 21st century.
From the Paper
"Immanuel Kant devised the categorical imperative in relation to morality. In the categorical imperative moral decisions were "objective, rational and freely chosen" (Cash sec. 1). Morality, according to Kant, could not be determined by the emotions of a human being. This is because morals require the decision making to be associated with the duties that each person is required to fulfill. Kant argued that fulfilling responsibilities could only be a rational choice because emotions would lead the person to consider only what he wanted, rather than what needed to be done. Consequently the individual had to accomplish moral actions based on principles, which could not be related to emotions because emotions were subjective, while principles were factual (Cash sec. 1)."
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Women and Sport, 2007.
The writer provides a personal reflection on femininity and sports.
773 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 0 sources, $ 27.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer offers reasons why she is a good candidate for a kinesiology course. She begins by describing the reasons behind her involvement in physical activity, health and athletics. She then details her personal experiences with ostracism and marginalized female athletes and explains how all of these experiences make her a good candiate for the course. The writer also discusses how her experiences have taught her that there may very well be merit to the argument that "male" and "female" is socially constructed - as are our respective attitudes and behavioral patterns.
From the Paper
"There are a number of reasons why I became interested in issues pertaining to women, sports (specifically female sports), physical activity (chiefly as it pertains to women) and to human health in general. To begin with, I have long been interested in the issue of masculinity versus femininity and how our society constructs both. A number of years ago, when I was still in grade school, I was stabbed by an individual after a game of "touch" football grew out of hand. Making an already frightening situation worse, the individual was joined in the attack by two of his friends, who proceeded to beat me with such venom I truly though my life was in danger."
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Theory, Our Daily Lives and Communication, 2007.
This paper discusses how theories are valuable tools which enable us to learn more about ourselves and why communication dissonances occur.
1,834 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
The paper explains why theory is important and then formulates three universal laws derived from common communication theories. The paper discusses how people will communicate most often with those whom they share basic values, that the things which mean the most to us and which comprise the most intimate aspects of our self-conception are often the things which we reveal last and that men and women truly are different and that allowances must be made for this fact. The paper shows how if these universal laws are followed, many characteristics of human interaction will become more understandable.
From the Paper
"The first "truth" which will be put forward by this writer is the universal law that human beings communicate predominantly with those whose values and beliefs coincide with their own. Not to be overlooked, the "flip-side" of this theory is that people will act evasively or communicate in almost defensive manner when compelled to interact with those with whom they disagree. This law is derived from the concept of "selective exposure" which is a sub-component of the broad theory of cognitive dissonance (both items will be discussed in greater detail shortly). Moving right along, the second universal law put forward by this writer is that the manner by which people communicate will become more defensive the closer any conversation or exchange comes to their most deeply-held fantasies or fears. Simply stated, this law is derived from the "onion" metaphor colorfully described by Altman and Taylor and it is part of the sometimes under-appreciated Social Penetration theory that offers a fascinating glimpse into how human beings reveal aspects of themselves. Finally, the last universal law is that men and women really do communicate differently and process information differently - and this explains why so many relationships fall apart despite the best efforts. This insight is gleaned from the Genderlect theory of communication advanced by Deborah Tannen and it goes a very long way towards explaining why so much tension between men and women exists in contemporary western society."
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The Rational Choice Theory, 2007.
This paper examines the feminist perspective of the rational choice theory as an explanation for female crime.
812 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
The paper provides a brief definition of the rational choice theory and argues that the theory, while plausible, is far too laden with masculine, patriarchal assumptions to be an effective explanation for female crime. The paper shows how females have been constrained historically by patriarchal forces and concludes that this is sufficient proof that the theory functions better as an explanation for male criminal behavior than for female criminal behavior.
From the Paper
"Simply put, rational choice theory holds that criminals are rational or "purposive" actors who calculate the relative benefits and costs of committing an act and make a decision which they believe will maximize the utility of their (criminal) actions. According to at least one online source, rational choice theory also posits that the alternatives available to any actor or group of actors is necessarily constrained by the environment and by the institutions within which they make their decisions. In the end, it appears as though rational choice theory posits that criminals select certain victims and/or certain types of crime because they feel the reward is sufficient to justify the risk or the risk is low enough that the "lure" of the reward becomes over-mastering (O'Connor 2005)."
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Adaptation in Obstetrics, 2007.
An in-depth look at the implications of adaptation in maternal care.
2,498 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the different facets of adaptation from the perspective of the expectant mother, environment and the nurse. The paper provides a detailed definition of adaptation and explains that adaptation eventually results in the net improvement of the maternal health of women and their ability to adjust more readily to the challenges of pregnancy. The paper provides case studies that illustrate the role of adaptation in overall maternal health.
Outline:
Concept Overview
Definition
Antecedents
Defining characteristics
Consequences
Contrary Case
Related Case
Borderline Case
Social Context
Underlying Anxiety
Practical Results
Results in Language
From the Paper
"Adaptation can be thought of generally as a transition from a previous state to a more suitable state. It often means dealing with a loss of many liberties along with the security of these liberties as well while simultaneously taking up new and unfamiliar responsibilities. In health care, it is a complex concept which can encompass many elements: the health care provider, the hospital or patient environment, the patient's circle of family and friends or most especially, the patient in any number of combinations. This is an important concept to analyze because of the implications in maternal care. This is often a time for life-changing, permanent adjustments in lifestyle, career and personal goals, relationships with one's partner, immediate family and household members (Williams, 1995). By delving into what the concept of adaptation encompasses, this paper endeavors to enable maternal patients and their families to faster embrace the inevitable role of either becoming a parent, transition from being a daughter to a mother, or from parent to grandparent."
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Sexual Harassment Policies, 2007.
This paper discusses sexual harassment policies in Canada and evaluates strategies of change.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that with the rise of the modern feminist movement in the late 1960s and 1970s, what had previously been considered tolerable, if not acceptable, behavior in the workplace began to be called into question - especially as it pertained to the matter of sexual harassment. With this in mind, this paper looks at the important issue of sexual harassment and examines what strategies have been pursued and continue to be pursued with regards to addressing this issue. The focus falls primarily upon Canadian organizations charged with protecting the interests of women in the workforce. The writer details why sexual harassment is such an important topic and discusses in brief four Canadian organizations ostensibly committed to fighting sexual harassment in the workplace and looks at the strategies they pursue towards this end. Finally, the paper concludes with an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the strategies apparently put forward by the above-mentioned organizations and notes what can be done differently to achieve the final aims of those preoccupied with bringing sexual harassment to an end.
From the Paper
"The first women's organization worthy of discussion is the Alberta Women Entrepreneurs organization - or the Alberta Women's Enterprise Initiative Association as it has historically also been called. A review of the organization's professional website reveals very little about the policies the AWE pursues in order to combat sexual harassment. For example, the home page contains links to popular events the organization puts on regularly with the goal of educating women about what skills and attitudes they need to be successful in an alleged "man's" world, but a careful review of the site does not reveal any specific policy initiatives vis-a-vis sexual harassment. Presumably, because the organization pursues an educational function above all else, at least some of the many events it stages each year discuss what women need to look for when they believe themselves to be the victims of sexual harassment . ."
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