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Murders in Ciudad Juarez, 2007.
This paper discusses serial sexual femicide in Ciudad Juarez.
2,398 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the unsolved, heinous killings that have taken place in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. The paper points out that the numbers of dead and missing vary dramatically, and change frequently, but it is known that over the past sixteen or so years, hundreds of young women have been murdered, raped, dragged to remote desert graves and in many cases mutilated in and around Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, just across a bridge from El Paso, Texas. The writer notes that the killings fall under three categories: they are ethnic because the women are all Latino; they are of a "class" nature because the great majority of women are working class individuals; and third, they are of a sexual / gender nature because all the victims are women.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Reasons Behind Male Resentment of Women in Mexico
Mexican Attitudes Encourage Violence against Women
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In other words, there is a bitter irony that Camacho wishes to address. Many of the products manufactured in the maquiladora factories are technology devices (cell phones, computer-related technologies) that a substantial portion of the economically deprived female workers will not be able to afford. Hence, these women are only pawns in the globalization game; they are not really participants in the more affluent global society, members of which feel a strong need to be able to download music and movies onto their cell phones, and carry Blackberry technologies so they can instantly receive and send emails, documents and photos wherever they are. Indeed, the poor women who labor in the maquiladoras are not part of any "civil society" - let alone a global civil society - because any sense of civility they may have experienced by earning a paltry $55 a week has dissolved in the river of ongoing fear generated by the mindless bludgeoning of so many young women in Juarez."
"Moreover, if these young women ever did enjoy a sense of Mexican citizenship, their bargain-basement participation in globalization has probably stripped them of that emotion."
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Women's Education in Jordan and the U.S., 2007.
This paper compares the education opportunities for women in Jordan and the United States.
3,334 words (approx. 13.3 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 95.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that, although cultural and social factors may limit women's educational opportunities in both the United States and Jordan, statistics and qualitative studies show the trend leaning towards increasing opportunities for women. The paper discusses how Jordan has made great strides in its treatment of women in education and in the workplace, but points out that there are inherent limitations on women in Jordanian society. The paper compares this to the education of women in the United States that has been more gradual and where there is a greater degree of freedom that eventually allows for a smaller gender gap.
From the Paper
"Both the United States and Jordan have witnessed an evolution in education for women. The evolution, in bothn cases, has been for the positive. In Jordan, the change is relatively recent. An indication of the recent understanding of the importance of women's education in Jordan is the May 2005 trip Laura Bush took to Jordan and other Middle Eastern countries. She emphasized the increasing trend towards education of women and in giving women in Jordan micro loans to help them to get started on their own (White House Office 2005). This shows the growing understanding of women's education in Jordan that has been taking place for the past 20 years. Furthermore, education for women is on the upswing in Jordan. Likewise, women in the United States had to make progress to reach a point in which their education was on a equal level with men."
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The Woman Entrepreneur, 2007.
This paper attempts to identify the barriers and challenges that exist for women in the start-up of a small business.
7,938 words (approx. 31.8 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 171.95
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Abstract
The research study focuses on the experiences and challenges faced by women who start their own business. The paper reviews the steps that must be taken in a new business start-up and looks at several case studies which shed light on the factors that contribute to both success and failure in new business start-ups. The paper reveals that women have problems with obtaining adequate financing and concludes that there is a great need for longitudinal research in this subject area.
Outline:
Abstract
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Review of the Literature
Chapter 3: Research Questions
Chapter 4: Summary and Conclusion
Chapter 5: Recommendations of the Study
From the Paper
"In the United States today women constitute over 51 percent of the population and 47 percent of the labor force. Furthermore, women-owned firms accounted for 6.5 percent of the overall employment in U.S. companies in 2002 and as well "...accounted for 4.2 percent of total receipts." (Women in Business: A Demographic Review of Women's Business Ownership, 2004) Additionally related is that approximately one in four families are "headed by a single mother caring for her own children younger than 18" years of age. (Ibid) During the years 1997 through 2002, "the numbers of women-owned firms overall increased by 19.8 percent and women-owned employer firms, by 8.3 percent." (Ibid) More businesses are owned by women of a minority race than by white women in the United States."
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African-American Literature, 2007.
This paper discusses the importance of African-American women writers.
1,518 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper examines African-American literature across the genres and mentions specifically the famous author, Toni Morrison. The paper discusses slave narratives, biographies and novels. The paper discusses how African-American literature has changed; the lives, beliefs and experiences of African-American writers today are different than the experiences of the first black authors. The paper shows how African-Americans have had a significant impact on the literature produced in the United States.
From the Paper
"Literature is very important. Many people love to read, and still others love to write. Together, they make a winning combination. Literature is often studied, but one aspect of it has been getting very little attention (Morgan, 1996). African-American literature has often times been ignored, or been only selectively visible, and this is especially true where women writers are concerned. However, this literature has become more important and significant in recent years, and this helps to show the important of African-American women writers."
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Minority American Women, 2007.
This paper discuses the lives of minority American women from Chinese, Mexican and African-American backgrounds as expressed by three authors: Judy Yung, Vicki Ruiz and Jacqueline Jones.
1,570 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the lives and experiences of Chinese, Mexican and African-American women are similar because they all faced severe hardship, discrimination, and degrading social conditions; however, due to their ethic identities and cultural roots, their experiences are dramatically dissimilar. The author points out that Vicki Ruiz, in her book "Out of the Shadows", takes readers through the immigration eras, beginning with Spanish-speaking women moving north out of Mexico centuries before the Euro-Americans arrived and that Judy Yung, in her book "Unbound Feet", writes about the history of Chinese women coming to San Francisco in the late 1800s. The paper relates that Jacqueline Jones, in her book, "Labor of Love, Labor of Sorrow" writes about the early twentieth century when black urban women participated in boycotts against segregated public facilities and resisted racist customs.
From the Paper
"But what was it like for a Mexican woman migrating into the U.S. in the early 20th Century? Ruiz writes that first of all getting across the border was challenging, particularly during the Mexican Revolution (1910-1921) when "starvation was not unknown and danger a constant companion ." Women were raped and kidnapped by soldiers and "marauders" while on their way north; it was back-breaking work once Mexicans arrived in the southwest, as many were paid twelve cents per day in the fields. Twenty-one percent of Mexican women in early 20th Century America worked in the fields."
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The Glass Ceiling, 2007.
This paper discusses whether efforts to remove the glass ceiling have been effective in creating equal opportunities for women in business.
1,521 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that the term "glass ceiling" first became popular in the 1980s to describe the invisible but very real barrier keeping women from rising to positions of power in organizations across the US. The paper attributes this to the attitude of many corporations and managers that women cannot manage or lead effectively, the social pressures and roles that place women at a disadvantage and the idea that women are sometimes not aggressive or assertive enough in the workplace. The paper provides examples of several women who have risen to the top of their organizations, but concludes that society must begin to alter its ideals about female and male identities and stop gender from being a deterrent to job satisfaction and success in the workplace.
From the Paper
"More women are working than ever before, and more women are starting their own businesses. While it would seem that because there are more women in the workplace, there would be more female executives in large (and small) corporations, that is simply not the case. Two authors note, "Apart from upper management roles, the proportion of women in management at any level is disproportionate to their presence in the workplace" (Miller, and Lemons). Women still have enormous difficulty rising above the glass ceiling. Several authors write, "The glass ceiling is not simply a barrier for an individual, based on the person's inability to handle a higher level job. Rather, the glass ceiling applies to women as a group who are kept from advancing higher because they are women" (Morrison, White, Velsor, and The Center For Creative Leadership 13)."
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Female Faculty Compensation, 2007.
An in-depth examination of the issue of gender compensation disparity at America's colleges and universities.
19,591 words (approx. 78.4 pages), 42 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
The paper studies the perceptions and realities of female faculty compensation at American colleges and universities. The paper determines that faculty women earn lower salaries than faculty men and they tend to occupy, in noticeably larger proportions, the lower rungs of the academic hierarchy. The paper discusses how disparities in women's pay and promotions are reflections of the wider society's prejudices and preconceptions. The paper recommends that college and university faculty and administrators work together to change views and institute real programs to change these long-established prejudices. The paper includes appendices.
Outline:
Chapter 1: Introduction
Background: Equality and the Workplace
Statement of the Problem
Research Questions
Significance of the Study
Research Design and Methodology
Organization of the Study
Chapter 2 : Literature Review
Equality in the Workplace as a Reflection of Equality in Society
Chapter 3: Gender Pay Inequity Among College and University Faculty
Why is Gender Pay Inequity Important?
The Value of One's Work and the Gender Inequality Experience
Chapter 4: Gender Pay Inequity Among College and University Faculty: Belief Vs Reality
The Beliefs
The Realities
Chapter 5: Conclusion
Introduction
Summary
Recommendations
From the Paper
"American society has changed dramatically in recent decades, and with it, the American workplace. Age-old assumptions and practices have been given up in favor of new outlooks and techniques. The last third of the Twentieth Century was a time of leveling, a period in which long oppressed groups fought for and, in many cases, gained their rights. Americans on all rungs of the socio-economic ladder looked at, and re-evaluated, the fundamental premises and promises of their nation and society. The United States was a country conceived in liberty, justice, and equality for all, principals that had not always been lived up to; opportunities that had not always been made available to all. After a long and hard struggle, ethnic and religious minorities obtained equality under the law. They fought for and won equal recognition in the voting booth, in the restaurants, clubs, schools, and the workplace. Conscientious citizens looked beyond the obvious minorities and discovered a full half of the American population that was suffering from discrimination. From the beginning, America's women had been denied their right to a full and equal participation in the American dream."
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African-American Grandmothers, 2007.
This paper compares the historic role of African-American grandmothers and their contemporary role as sole parent for their grandchildren.
1,675 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, under slavery and during the period afterward, older African-American women played active and respected roles in their communities as based on their African heritage, which venerated its elderly. The author points out that, in light of this history, it is not surprising that, in record numbers, African-American older women today are assuming the role of primary caregivers to their grandchildren due to social and addiction problems of the mothers of these grandchildren. The paper relates that the considerable stress of these women, who are permanently primary caregivers for their grandchildren, has resulted in their having many social, economic, physical and psychological problems.
From the Paper
"The number of grandmothers raising their grandchildren nearly doubled between 1970 and 2000--from 2.2 million to 4.5 million. During the 1990s, the biggest increase was among families with no parent present, usually because of social problems such as the mother's alcohol or drug abuse. Death from AIDS, long-term incarceration, and mental illness are other reasons. The trend has become a "dominant theme" for social work research, and the term skipped generation caregiver has come into use. Of all the children living with grandparents in the U.S., nearly 44% are African-American, a proportion that is six times greater than in white families."
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"In the Time of the Butterflies", 2007.
This paper discusses the role of Catholicism in Julia Alvarez' "In the Time of the Butterflies."
1,259 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that Julia Alvarez' novel "In the Time of the Butterflies" is based on the real story of the four Mirabal sisters, who take an active part in the Fourteenth of June Movement against the dictatorship of Rafael Trujillo in the Dominican Republic. The paper discusses how Catholicism is a very important element in the novel and demonstrates how religion shapes the very culture and identity of the Dominican nation.
From the Paper
"The main functions of the church in human life are those of kerygma or witness, litourgia or worship and diakonia or service. All of these three functions indicate the roles that the Catholic Church should play in the life of man, namely to witness the religion of Jesus Christ and to perpetuate it, to worship God as the sole divinity and to do service to men, that is to protect and support them at any time. In Alvarez' novel, the Church fails at the beginning in its main functions, as it becomes involved in the political game of power. When the Catholic Church backs the regime of Trujillo, it forgets the essential duties to God and man: it no longer acts as a witness to God when it comes to obey a single man, the dictator."
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Feminist Psychology, 2007.
This paper critically examines the feminist approach to counseling.
2,861 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the shortcomings and limitations of the feminist approach to counseling. The paper discusses how this approach initially overlooked women of color and how feminist therapy has responded with recent modifications of being more inclusive. The paper concludes that feminist psychology in favor of inclusion should act as a guide for the future attempt to bring non-feminist psychology and feminist psychology in line with the cultural diversity that exists in our increasingly global environment.
From the Paper
"Addressing the need for change, one of the pioneers of feminist psychology expressed the innate problem of the patriarchal system that was in place prior to the demands of women to enter the system and help elicit change. The concerns of this pioneer, Naomi Weisstein were that the attempt to redress and develop ideas about women's ability and value, as it applies to their human strengths and limitations, is built entirely on the foundation of masculine ideas about the strengths and weaknesses of women, as well as a sense of surety that is almost nauseating from a feminist perspective on many levels."
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Two Women's Dreams, 2007.
This paper compares and contrasts the female characters in "The House on Mango Street" by Cisneros Sandra and "The Whale Rider" by Witi Ihimaera.
1,284 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how women throughout history have been denied their rightful place in society on the basis of their gender. The paper illustrates this through the characters of Esperanza in "The House on Mango Street" and Pai in "The Whale Rider." The paper portrays how both characters have a common dream: to be recognized for their inner strength and individual worth. The paper shows how they both succeed in achieving their dreams but through different paths and disparate ideals.
From the Paper
"Whale Rider was released in 2002 in a cinematic version of the novel by the same name. The novel received greater recognition when the film garnered rave reviews. It is a story set in Maori tradition and revolves around two central characters Pai and Koro. Pai is a young girl who wants to prove to her grandfather that she can lead a tribe. Koro, is the stern grandfather, who refuses to believe that a woman can act as the chief. In a rare show of power struggle between Koro and Pai, the girl finally manages to prove her worth with the help of spirits of whales around."
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Reformation, 2007.
This paper discusses changes brought about by the Reformation relating to the family environment.
976 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that for every segment of the universal history, in order to have a proper image of the realities of the time, it is important to take into account all major aspects of the social order. From this perspective, the writer then points out that the family framework is representative for painting a relevant illustration of the era. The revolution in human thought must be seen from a historical perspective and background. The writer discusses that the Reformation brought along a series of changes that would prove to affect the future evolution of the family environment. The writer concludes that overall, it can be said that the Reformation had indeed an important influence upon the family environment of the Renaissance period.
From the Paper
"In the late middle Ages, at the beginning of the Renaissance, questions about the real value of the human being became again the centerpiece of philosophical thought. Scholars such as Pico Della Mirandola advocated the supremacy of man as the representative of God and the only receiver of Its Word. Accordingly, the woman was identified with sexuality and sin. Therefore, everything that was somewhat related to the woman as procreator, with family and children was treated with utter disregard and cruelty. In this context, the Reformation of the church was an important step in modifying the status of family member, both women and children."
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