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Oprah's Impact on Mass Media, 2008.
A discussion of Oprah Winfrey, the most recognized African-American celebrity in American history.
1,128 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper describes the many accomplishments of Oprah Winfrey that include being a billionaire, an Oscar-nominated actress, a Broadway producer, one who changed the face of daytime television and has brought giving to reality television competitions. The paper shows how Oprah's multi-media success is unprecedented and the fact that she is female and an African-American only make her success more remarkable.
From the Paper
"Whether one is a supporter or a detractor of Oprah Winfrey, it is difficult to ignore the fact that she has had a tremendous impact on the mass media in the United States. She is probably the most-recognized television personality, and is certainly the most recognized African-American celebrity in American history. She is a billionaire, the head of media conglomerate, in addition to being an Oscar-nominated actress, "activist, magazine editor, producer, book club sponsor, and radio host." (People). Oprah's success changed the face of daytime television, transforming the talk show format into a forum for serious discussions, both on her own show and with her creation of the Dr. Phil show."
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Play: Susan Glaspell's "Trifles", 2008.
Examines the background, the plot and the critical views of Susan Glaspell's play "Trifles".
1,325 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that Susan Glaspell, a reporter, based her one-act play "Trifles" on events that actually happened in Iowa near the turn of the 20th century, which she covered. The author points out that the plot of the play is as if Glaspell didn't like the outcome of the real-life situation and then got to craft her own ending. The paper relates that the themes in "Trifles"are gender relationships, the tug-of-war battles between the sexes, women's perceptive intuition vs. men's bullishness, male chauvinism and the good-old-boy network of criminal justice
From the Paper
"After leaving newspaper work, her writing was strictly fictional; until that is her husband, George Cram Cook (a classics scholar with whom she had been involved during his second marriage in a long affair) urged her to write a play. "Glaspell may have been trying to buoy up Cook's artistic reputation by making him out to be the party responsible" for her literary success, something he, Cook, had never achieved. Meanwhile, even though Glaspell herself carried on an affair with a married man, thus hurting another woman, she painted men in "Trifles" as the bad guys."
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Women in Combat, 2008.
Examines the role women play in combat in the United States military and the implications of women in combat roles.
1,665 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, when women first entered the American military, they were not intended to play a role in combat but rather to be behind the scenes in non-combat oriented roles, such as purchasing. The author stresses that women in combat in the Iraq war has blurred gender lines and forever changed the face of the American military. The paper states that feminists and supporters of women's rights hail women in combat roles as a necessary step in gaining full equality for women. However, as the paper relates, the research indicates that women in combat in the United States military are still a contentious issue.
From the Paper
"One situation that might allow women in combat is the formation of all-women units. In these units, many of the criticisms of women in combat could be alleviated. For example, a woman would probably be able to lift or carry another woman to safety, and they would not face harassment or sexual situations from male soldiers in an all-female unit. In addition, an all-female unit would tend to be more understanding about monthly menstruation and other female health issues, which would effectively negate many of the issues that opponents of women in combat often cite."
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Surrogated Motherhood, 2008.
This paper looks at whether surrogate motherhood should be either banned or regulated by law.
4,042 words (approx. 16.2 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 109.95
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Abstract
This paper mainly discusses in- vitro fertilization and surrogate pregnancies that are contracted, in which case the surrogate mother is usually a contracted person, with no link to the donors. In the case of contracted surrogate pregnancies, there is no way to judge the health of the surrogate mother and no regulation to see that the medical fraternity does not use the persons who are infected by diseases that could be passed to the infant. This paper affirms that laws must therefore be passed in such a manner that voluntary surrogate mothers are screened, identified and certified in such a manner that the resultant infant is not traumatized by diseases. The donors must be similarly screened. Furthermore, this paper looks at the idea of commercialization, within surrogate pregnancies. Namely it discusses the free market and the prostitution model. While some surrogate mothers do agree for altruistic reasons, where there is a demand, there will be a commercial supply. Since such children are at risk of being abandoned and neglected by the surrogate mother as well as by the donors, it is considered to be the duty of the state to enact laws to make sure that the donors, the surrogate mother and the genetic material are all fine to prevent deformities. In cases where such deformities do occur, the law must make the donor parents responsible for the child. Also, this paper asserts that there must also be a prohibition of payment for surrogate motherhood.
Outline:
Introduction
The Definition of Surrogate Motherhood
Adoption, Surrogate Motherhood - The Contrasts and Commonalities
The Arguments Favoring Regulation and Ban
The Arguments Against the Ban
Legal Problems
The Legal Controls Ought to be Set
Current Global Situation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"It is well if the resultant child is perfect what is the case if the child is born with deformities? What if it is liability? The management and care of such babies have legal moral and ethical implications. What is the relationship between the woman and the child in such cases at childbirth? For example the simple case of a low weight baby and in the case of mentally and physically challenged babies born to surrogate mothers, what will be the position and who shoulders the painful task? In the United States the Federal Government intervenes. In the UK the problem is ignored or the issue is glossed over. (Lee; Morgan, 1990) Judges have been sentencing mothers for not caring for the children in the womb. There have been cases of sentences handed down to mothers who consumed drugs and passed it on to the baby in the womb. Fetal neglect is now culpable. This shows that the state is concerned more and more with the unborn child and its welfare. The issue of in vitro fertilization and the knowledge of in genital illnesses are changing the perceptions of the society and the prevailing values are being modified. (Blank, 1992)
"The commoditization of sexuality has brought in the prospect of baby selling and prostitution. Poor women and even affluent ones are not above selling babies in the black market. The baby for sale has all its features added up to its price. The better suited ones getting the better price. The participants tend to market the baby in the fashion of a commodity and that is where the question of the babies with deformities and their fate steps in. There is likely to be more feticide and infanticide. The issue of 'Baby selling' drags down humanity considerations. (Warren, 1991) Originally surrogate mother hood was not a baby selling proposition. Yet today it has assumed the features of baby selling. Just as prohibition of payment exists for adoption, there must also be a prohibition of payment for surrogate motherhood. The courts sometimes have applied the baby sale acts to bar surrogate motherhood."
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Changing Role of Women in America, 2008.
This paper discusses changes in regards to the status of women in American society.
1,100 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer notes that less than 100 years ago, American women enjoyed relatively few freedoms: they could not vote, they could not control money, and they were frequently treated like chattel or other property, owned by their male relatives. However, the last 100 years have seen tremendous advances in women's rights. The writer points out that, first, women have obtained significant legal advances in the past 100 years, which have led to the legal recognition of women as equals. Although women have not achieved absolute equality, these legal changes have led to significant equitable equality. The writer discusses that while these changes have impacted women of different races in different manners, the feminist movement has resulted in positive changes for all women. The writer concludes that, as a result of these changes, all American women have achieved substantial gender equality, and the changes have benefited women regardless of class or gender.
Outline:
Introduction
Body
Conclusion
From the Paper
" Although women did not traditionally enjoy legal or real freedoms in America, there has been a tremendous change in women's rights in the last 100 years, and those changes have positively impacted women of all races and classes. Women have gone from being considered the property of husbands or the absolute property of slave-owners to autonomous individuals with the full range of legal rights and responsibilities. In addition, the law officially prohibits sex-based discrimination. These legal changes have led to increases in substantive equality. For example, women make up almost half of the American labor force and, though the wage gap still exists, it is slowly shrinking. In addition, American women have access to reliable contraceptives, giving them an unprecedented level of personal freedom. These changes have benefited women from all walks of life; though the feminist movement has not accomplished its goals of eliminating racism and classism, it has successfully benefited women of all races and classes. Such tremendous changes in such a relatively short period of time make total equality seem inevitable."
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The Attitude of Certain Writers towards Women, 2008.
A look at the attitude portrayed in some literary Greek works towards women.
3,039 words (approx. 12.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how the literary works of some of the most influential writers of Greece have portrayed the image of women as literary characters. This author draws upon the historical background to explain how tragedies were written and how they considered the approach to be effective in defining the role and stand of women. The work of Aeschylus is relevant in this sense, as his consideration of the woman is obvious throughout his plays.
Outline:
Historical Background
From the Paper
"The status of women has always been a debated subject among scholars and historians alike. There has always been the issue of gender equality and the right of women to be treated without discrimination. However, from the early beginnings of the society, this endeavor has proven to be a hard task especially in ancient civilizations. The Greek society is often viewed as the birth place of democracy and having represented a model of government of the state (Berstein and Milza, 1994). Despite this statement, a thorough analysis of the social environment may prove a limited democratic rule, especially in relation to the relationship between men and women in Greece and Athens in particular."
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Wangari Maathai and the Green Belt Movement, 2008.
A review of the work of Wangari Maathai the woman activist in environmental issues and her efforts in the formation of the "The Green Belt Movement" that she initiated.
2,031 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses that women in the world have become more prominent in their fight to protect the environment and the ecosystems. In this discussion the paper highlights the efforts of Wangari Maathai, the woman activist, in achieving a reduction of the negative effects on the environment of deforestation. The paper states that in terms of female activism, Maathai has helped to show that women in Africa are capable of playing a leading role in environmental issues. The paper concludes that the Green Belt Movement that she initiated has helped to raise awareness about environmental issues not only in Africa but internationally.
Outline:
Introduction
The Green Belt Movement
Wangari Maathai and the origins of the Green Belt Movement
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Environmental activism has become an important part of the battle to save the environment in the age of global warming and climate change. In the last decade, women have become more involved in active and leading roles. Initiatives such as the Green Belt movement have proven their worth as essential in the battle against the decline in environmental standards throughout the world. This paper will discuss will the Green Belt Movement and its founder, Wangari Maathai, from both the environmental and social perspectives. While this movement has been proven to have a considerable affect on the issue of deforestation, it is at the same time a social movement that has also advanced the cause of the empowerment of women in Africa and the world."
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Greek Studies, 2008.
This paper looks at Greek history, focusing on Aristotle's view of Spartan women.
1,220 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of Greek history. Specifically, the writer discusses the view Aristotle has of Spartan women and looks at how this view compares with other sources on the women of Sparta. The writer points out that Aristotle's view of Spartan women was less than complementary, but this differs from most other sources on Greek history. The writer maintains that Aristotle may have been prejudiced against women, leading to his canted views on Spartan women and their accomplishments.
From the Paper
"Aristotle, one of the most illustrious Greek philosophers, believed, as many Greeks did, that women and education did not mix. In Athens (Aristotle's home), women were educated in the arts, such as spinning, weaving, and many other domestic activities. They were not educated in science and mathematics, as young men were, and there were many other differences, as well. In Sparta, the domestic tasks such as spinning were seen as work for the serfs or lower classes, while Spartan women were educated on the same level as the men. In fact, women also had to excel in athletics and warrior skills as they mastered their education in Sparta, while women in Athens not only were not fully educated, they could not participate in athletics, and could not own property or serve in the political arena, as well."
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The Female Body, 2008.
This paper discusses the female form, sexuality and society.
764 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that in contemporary American society, the two genders are still socialized very differently in many respects. The Women's Liberation movement and civil rights
legislation of the late 20th century greatly improved women's rights in the last fifty years, but in the realm of self esteem, female attractiveness is still overemphasized in importance. The writer maintains that the natural power of the female form on men makes provocative clothes irresistible to many men, but it conflicts with other elements of social learning about sexual morality. The combination of the issue of gender-specific sexual socialization with constant messages to women encouraging them to accentuate their physical appeal and sexuality for social approval exposes women to sexual objectification in the work place and to deceptive misrepresentation within intimate relationships. The writer concludes that the solution lies mainly in eliminating the difference in male and female sexual socialization throughout society, including the mixed messages about the female form and female sexuality.
Outline:
Introduction
Mixed Messages about Sexuality and Attractiveness
The Influence of the Female Form on Relationships
Conclusion
From the Paper
"This mixed cultural message and focus on female attractiveness is further complicated by the fact that men are socialized to seek as much sexual activity as they can and socially rewarded for sexual conquests beginning in adolescence. By contrast, women are taught to withhold sexuality except within emotionally intimate relationships. This discrepancy and the natural power of the female form to draw male interest promotes a predatory relationship on the part of men toward women. Instead of honesty and mutual attraction and potential romantic interest, many social relationships initiated by men are deceitful in nature and motivated purely by a desire to fulfill a physical urge, even if that requires outright deception. To make matter worse, in many cases, the moral rationalization on the part of men is that women who emphasize their attractiveness and sexuality in their choice of clothes and style "deserve" to be objectified and used for their sexual purposes without concern for their feelings."
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Women in the Old Testament, 2008.
This paper looks at the role of women in the Bible and compares Mary in the New Testament to Eve in the Old Testament.
967 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the women in the Old Testament are delegated to certain set roles, and those roles frequently center on sexuality. Given that sex was viewed as something sinful, it is not surprising that many of the women in the Old Testament, including Eve and Hannah, were cast in a negative light. The writer then points out that, as the natural result of sexuality was pregnancy and childbirth, which were both revered by Old Testament Jews, many Old Testament women were also revered in their roles as mothers. Both Eve and Hannah were celebrated mothers in the Old Testament. The writer notes that for Christians, the most important role that the women played was to contrast with the appearance of Mary in the New Testament, and one can see features of both the story of Eve and the story of Hannah in the later story of Mary.
From the Paper
"Therefore, Hannah offered to give her child to God. Moreover, not only did Hannah offer her child to God, but she delivered him to the service of the Temple as soon as he was weaned, so that he could devote himself to the Lord. Later, in the New Testament, a similarly devout woman, Mary, would be approached to give a child to God. Of course, the essential difference is that Mary did not pray to become pregnant; instead, she was chosen by the Lord to carry His son. However, both women offered up their sons to the service of the Lord and did so by their faith.
"Of course, that is not the only similarity between the two women. In fact, after discovering that she was going to carry the son of God, Mary called ... "
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Women in Ancient Athens, 2008.
This paper considers the theories of Frederick Engels regarding the position of women in ancient Athens.
1,216 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the limited rights of women in archaic Athens regarding ownership of property. The paper looks at Frederick Engels belief that women's oppression was an unnatural consequence of property relations and was essential for the survival and the privileges of men. The paper therefore shows how Engels' theory on the oppression of women confirms the formal and legal position of women in archaic and classical Athens.
From the Paper
"Law in ancient Athens forbade a woman from engaging in business transactions with money value in excess of five or six days' food for her family (Thompson 2005). Buying anything beyond that required the approval of a male guardian. Ownership of property was likewise complicated and frustrating to her. She might have owned and used a slave, clothing, furniture and jewelry every day but she could not sell or give any of them. She might have claim over land but had no right either to use or sell it. Her rights over property did not mean or include ownership (Thompson)."
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Women and Religion, 2008.
Looks at the position of women in the various world religions based on a collection of readings from "World Religions" by editors Arvind Sharma and Katherine K. Young.
1,905 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Hindu inclusion of the feminist reform and succession translates into modern philosophical objectives common to the feminism approach; whereas, women of the Buddhist faith are often subjected to restrictions. The author points out that Jewish and Christian feminists have worked to obtain equality in the obtaining of religious education methods and tools, which has modified their restrictive traditions. The paper points out that the Islamic religion is the most oppressive religion in terms of women's rights and the feminist movement in general. Islamic women are most often treated as outsiders to the religion.
Table of Contents:
Hinduism and Buddhism's Feminist Theories and Thoughts
The Value of Confucianism and Taoism's Feminist Contributions
Judaism and Christianity
The Islamic Religion
From the Paper
"Taoism's feminist contributions to the overarching conceptual discernment of a religion in tradition lay broad for several reasons. In particular, the female has long since been accounted equally through the religious and sociological aspects of Taoism, which has caused the mirrored development of feminism outward to the inwards of basis for other derivations of religions. Gender equality has existed in Taoism since its earliest years through the non-restrictive availability and opportunity for attaining spiritual enlightenment, growth and dissection."
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