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Psychics and Criminal Justice, 2007.
An analysis of the modern role of psychics in criminal justice.
3,824 words (approx. 15.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how the use of psychic individuals to assist in criminal justice investigations dates back more than 300 years to France and how the practice continues in some regions of the country today. It discusses how a belief in such powers endures into the 21st century suggests that there may in fact be something to these claims. The purpose of this paper is to determine the efficacy of the use of psychics in modern criminal justice proceedings. A critical review of the peer-reviewed and scholarly literature is accompanied by a custom survey to determine current beliefs concerning the practice today. A discussion of the results and conclusions are followed by a summary of the research and recommendations in the concluding chapter.
Outline
Introduction
Background of the Study
Problem Statement
Purpose and Objectives
Rationale
Definition of Terms
Limitations
Theoretical Framework
Research Hypotheses
Summary of Remaining Chapters
Review of Related Literature
Methodology
Data Analysis
Discussion, Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper
"Certainly, there has been much skepticism concerning the reality of paranormal powers since antiquity. A number of "natural philosophers," people that would eventually be known as scientists when more organized systems of thought came into existence, disproved such claims several centuries ago (Randi, 1982). For example, in 1692, a French dowsing practitioner by the name of Jacques Aymar was hired by municipal authorities to discover a murderer by swinging a pendulum. According to Randi, "Apparently, it was believed that guilt was detectable by this means. Aymar is said to have led the officials to a nineteen-year-old hunchback who subsequently was 'broken on the wheel'--a particularly unpleasant death much favored as punishment for unpopular people like hunchbacks" (Randi, 1982, p. 3). "
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Values in Justice System Organizations, 2006.
A review of the organizations that play a part in crime prevention and the justice system.
2,402 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses the various organizations that are necessary in a successful justice system. The paper also takes a look at the core values necessary to ensure a successful justice system and a safe and peaceful society.
Outline:
Core Values
Significance of Values
Problems of Lack of Values
Police and Correctional Agencies
Police
Correctional Facilities
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Each justice organization should develop a set of values that reflects its own community. An organization's executives and top members should first clearly explain the values to all others. Then the executives should also ask each member of the organization to understand these values and communicate if they find any complexity. Pre established set of values must be well articulated throughout the organization. For this purpose there should be a proper channel of communication of the values. Each member of the organization should clearly and completely understand each and every value that has been set for the organization. This process ensures that the each member of the organization works for the common goals, have shred vision and as a result it helps in enforcing the organization's philosophy."
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Child Sexual Abuse, 2006.
A review of how sexual abuse cases are perceived differently by police officers, depending on the sex of the perpetrator.
951 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an examination of a theory that the gender of the perpetrator has a different impact on male and female police officers' perceptions of child sexual abuse. According to the paper, a recent study provided evidence and validity to this theory that police officers, both male and female, view the seriousness of child sexual abuse differently depending on the gender of the perpetrator.
Outline:
Introduction
The Study
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The study set out to examine the attitude differences in female and male police officers when it came to investigating child sexual abuse. The study wanted to explore whether men and women officers felt differently about the seriousness of the crime depending on the gender of the person accused of doing it."
"Researchers chose 361 police officers in Australia to be participants in the study. The study used a self reporting questionnaire for the purpose of ascertaining the attitudes of those officers when it came to investigating male and female suspects in child sexual abuse cases(Tyson, 2004). "
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Gary Kremen, 2007.
A review of the life and history of Gary Kremen.
3,095 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses the life of Gary Kremen, a life that is closely linked to the controversy and legal battle surrounding the ownership of sex.com. According to the paper, the sex.com case was a traumatic and multidimensional court case which serves to highlight the tenacity and perseverance of the character of Gary Kremen in the face of daunting opposition and legal odds. The paper also discusses how this case highlights the interaction between the legal system and the changing world of online commerce.
Outline:
Introduction
Overview: Gary Kremen and online entrepreneurship
Overview: personal and business history
Brief overview of business accomplishments and history
The Sex.com saga
Conclusion
From the Paper
"However it is the Sex.com case and legal battle which has riveted the media and public attention. Kremen registered the domain name sex.com in 1994. However, in 1996 a convicted fraudster, Stephen M. Cohen, contacted Network Solutions and had the domain transferred to his name. This was to result in a protracted legal battle over a number of years about the ownership of sex.com Cohen was supported by his influence and contacts in the pornography industry in the country. He also had large financial resources and had the financial ability to fight a lengthy and expensive legal battle. In brief, Kremen was to succeed with the assistance of some of Cohen's rivals in the pornography and adult industry. "Kremen took the upper hand when two of Cohen's rivals in the pornographic industry, Seth Warshavsky and Ron Levi, helped fund Kremen's case."
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Criminal Justice System, 2006.
A review of the models used today for law enforcement and a discussion about policing policies throughout the nation.
1,265 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an examination of two models of criminal justice and how they impact the United States. In addition, the paper explores the three styles of policing by James Q. Wilson and explains how they apply to the criminal justice system in America.
Outline:
Introduction
The Models
Crime Control Model
History
From the Paper
"There are many different styles of policing utilized today. In many instances the decision about which style to use depends on a combination of factors, including politics, population density, funding and law enforcement manpower. "
"According to James Q. Wilson's theory, policing can involve one of three styles. The first style is the legalistic style. In this style, laws and bills are passed that are used to insure the public's safety through their use in the criminal justice system. Whether it is a misdemeanor defendant going to court or a felon facing prison for the third time, the legalistic system provides methods to remand suspects to incarceration and keep them there for periods of time (Wilson, pp)."
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The Death Penalty, 2007.
An analysis of the debate over whether the death penalty acts as a deterrent to violent crimes.
2,007 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses whether the death penalty acts as a deterrent to violent crimes. It examines both sides of the debate in order to determine if the death penalty is an effective deterrent to crime or if it is simply a waste of taxpayer money. The paper presents sociological studies supporting both sides of this aspect of the death penalty debate.
Table of Contents:
Comparative Studies
Econometric Studies
How do we Decide Who is Right?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"On the other hand, opponents cannot disprove a causal relationship either. However, the burden of proof is not upon them. If they can discredit the argument of the other side by presenting conflicting results and inconclusive evidence, then their argument is supported by default. The original research question was whether the death penalty acts as a deterrent to murder. If one considers the lack of positive proof, then the answer would have to favor those that say it does not. Therefore, one could support the position that due to a lack of substantial evidence that the death penalty deters crime, the practice of the death penalty must be reconsidered in support of less severe punishment. Those that oppose the death penalty do so based on a lack of evidence that it deters crime. This argument is logical, even in light of lack of evidence to the contrary."
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Appeal Case, 2007.
This paper looks at a legal case in which a defendant appeals the verdict after being found guilty.
925 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer presents an examination of a case in which the defendant in the case is found guilty and appeals. The writer notes that the element used for appeal rests in the fact that an undercover officer visited the convicted felon after he was arrested and incarcerated for the charge and the prosecution used conversations that occurred during those visits to help convict the defendant. The writer points out that the undercover officer never identified himself as a cop during the visits and these visits were before the trial. The writer explains that this means that the officer questioned the defendant after arrest and after being represented by an attorney but before the trial, which infringed on the defendant's right to be represented during all questioning.
Outline:
Issue
Rule
Apply
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Once that arrest took place however and Bob was then indicted by the court system and the grand jury Bob was represented by an attorney of record. The law is very clear on the questioning of a person who is represented by an attorney. The issue surrounding the possible appeal of this case is the fact that Art did not at anytime identify himself as a cop during the visits to the jail following the indictment. There may also be some argument and merit to the fact that Art secretly taped the conversations that he had with Bob as in many states the taping of a conversation is illegal unless both parties are aware of the taping, however, there are some states, Tennessee for example, that allow taping if only one party is aware that the taping is occurring. Because the scenario does not discuss the state that this crime took place in it is wise to only argue the merit of Art visiting Bob and in that visit gathering information to use against him at his trial when he did not have an attorney present. At that point the argument is also valid that Art did not identify himself as a police officer thereby violating Bob's right to have counsel present during the visits or to even make the educated decision as to whether or not he wanted Art to visit him."
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Legalizing Marijuana, 2007.
This paper discusses the use of marijuana and argues in favor of its legalization.
767 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that marijuana is one of the most common drugs available today. The writer points out that both the use and possession of marijuana are illegal, but the trade in this substance continues to flourish. This paper argues that law enforcement efforts to contain the marijuana trade are futile and wasteful. The writer maintains that this effort only serves to further tax jails and court systems that are already strained, whereas these resources could be allotted towards greater law enforcement, public safety programs, and medical research. The writer concludes that legalizing marijuana has tremendous social, financial and safety-related values for the general community and therefore the harsh laws against marijuana possession should be revised.
From the Paper
"In 2003 alone, state and federal courts processed an estimated one million marijuana convictions. This figure does not even include the marijuana convictions that are handled by lower or municipal courts. Failing to legalize the possession of marijuana therefore further taxes the corrections system and slows down the workings of judicial courts."
"The legalization of marijuana would also free up valuable law enforcement resources, so that police could address other, more dangerous crimes. In his analysis of the costs of enforcing marijuana laws, Harvard economist Jeffrey Miron estimates that the taxpayers spend $7.7 billion annually (Lazarus 2005). This figure could certainly be allotted towards other vital activities, such as the training and recruitment of more police officers. A recent FBI study, for example, notes that violent crime has increased 28 percent in 2005."
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Police Roles, 2007.
This paper looks at the four main tasks of police officers.
1,041 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how media portrayals have contributed to a public perception of police officers as crime fighters. The paper shows that, while these portrayals are correct in acknowledging this important role, the media tends to overshadow the other equally important roles of police officers. The paper therefore takes a look at all four roles of police officers: as crime fighters, crime preventers, maintainers of social order and finally as social servants. The paper provides examples of how police officers fill these different tasks.
From the Paper
"A large part of the role of police officers falls under the category of maintaining order. When social conditions are at an optimum level - such as low or controlled levels of crime - it is vital to ensure that the status quo is maintained. As the Broken Windows theory of crime states, if social order deteriorates as seen in conditions such as an increasing number of broken windows in the community, then more serious criminal activities are sure to follow."
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Internet Use to Solve Crimes, 2007.
An analysis of the many varied uses for the Internet, including how it is used today to help in crime solving.
1,151 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the vast array of uses of the Internet today, including using it to find general information, to access information, to correspond with people in distant places, to learn, to buy or sell, to obtain software, to make money or to share knowledge. The paper then discusses the use of the Internet by law enforcement and how it can assist in solving crimes, as well as for corrections, parole, and probation.
From the Paper
"Since its initial use as a research program for a specific networking area in the 70s, the internet has evolved into something else more and more versatile and miraculous a tool for virtually all the sectors. It has demonstrated and continues to demonstrate its peerless value in commercial activity as a marketing tool after 1991. It has also proven beneficial in practically all human activity, such as the need for information, long-distance correspondence, obtaining software, employment, travel and exchange of knowledge. It is behind the knowledge explosion in the world today and has facilitated human endeavor in many ways. One area where it has also proven its worth is in law enforcement where it has been enabled law enforcement agencies obtain information and conduct its duties in ways much easier and convenient than before. Since the 90s, internet applications have been quite useful in tasks such as crime mapping, corrections, parole and probation, and in dealing with major events, emergencies and the protection and prevention of crime in communities."
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Capital Punishment, 2002.
A discussion regarding the controversial issue of capital punishment.
1,692 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses the hot topic of capital punishment. According to the paper, the death penalty is authorized by thirty-eight states, the Federal Government, and the U.S. Military. This paper explores mixed feelings exist regarding capital punishment and concludes that disagreements on appropriate levels of punishment are the real drivers for controversy.
Outline:
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Opposition to the Death Penalty
3.0 Why the Death Penalty Should Be Supported
4.0 Conclusion
From the Paper
"Even if capital punishment is unfairly applied, it should be fixed by making sure that rich and white prisoners get what they deserve, not by eliminating punishment for black and poor prisoners. Therefore, the best solution lies in making capital punishment mandatory for all capital cases. It could be argued that all laws are unfairly applied because of racial and economic biases. Certainly, no sane person would then argue that we should disband our entire legal system. The more reasonable approach is to make sure that laws are applied equally to all citizens."
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Intro to Law Enforcement, 2006.
A discussion regarding the requirements of entering a career in law enforcement.
849 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses law enforcement as a career. According to the paper, over thirty years ago, the President's Crime Commission made the universal recommendation that every officer hold at least a baccalaureate degree. This paper researches and demonstrates a substantial positive fall out from the recommendation and the subsequent adoption of rules by many local and regional police forces regarding the holding of such degrees as mandate to either entering the police force or achieving growth in a professional level of service.
From the Paper
"The assumptions of such an approach would be associated mainly with the individuals' reception to policing as a professional position that requires effort and education on the part of the potential individual officer. The growth of research on policing is a met assumption of the strategy of recommending and or requiring higher education for individual officers. The research has created a body of knowledge with regard to policing that is indispensable and will likely continue to do so. Developing a specialized education system for police officers and later commissioners and supervisory staff demonstrates the assumption that through such an education and a system the individual officer will be better prepared for the task and current on technology they may be utilizing to perform their jobs as officers and or detectives. As early as 1919 the development of creating a specialized sense of professionalism through education and on the job training is present and to a large degree the thoughts on the subject are that it has met its early assumptions and goals."
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