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College Students and Guns, 2007.
This paper explores the controversial issue of gun control on college campuses.
2,325 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
The paper provides an overview and background of the issues involved in gun control in general and as it applies to college campuses in particular. The paper reviews the relevant literature and the popular media to determine the salient issues involved and what the potential implications of allowing all students to carry guns on campus might be for students, faculty and the American public alike. The paper concludes that outlawing guns is not likely to solve the problems being experienced in the nation's schools and college campuses when it comes to violent crime.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Gun Control and Violent Crime
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One of the more divisive issues confronting the United States today is the ownership of guns. For instance, according to Utter (2000), "Perhaps with the one exception of abortion, gun control is the most controversial issue in American politics, and it appeals strongly to the emotions of those who support as well as those who oppose further regulation of firearms" (p. ix). On the one hand, gun control advocates maintain that so-called "Saturday night specials" and their ilk do not have any particular value as legitimate weapons for any purpose besides criminal activity and the proliferation of guns in this country has directly contributed to the increased incidences of violent crime in recent years. These arguments, though, fly in the face of reality."
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Sexual Abusers and their Victims, 2007.
This paper discusses sexual abusers and their victims, looking at different cases.
3,158 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses different occurrences of the sexual abuse of children. Looking at different cases and interviews on film, the writer analyzes the behavior of various abusers. The writer maintains that according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, which classifies and describes mental disorders, pedophilia is a behavior that is associated with loners and low self-esteem. The writer concludes that these people are not from some other planet, but that society has produced them. The writer argues that now society must learn to deal with such abusers in a way that truly protects the children.
From the Paper
"In the film 'Monsters Among Us', two incarcerated sex offenders are interviewed and they talk about their own childhoods and their difficult-to-control sexual impulses. Westley Dodd and Joel, for example, developed pedophile disorders early during the teenage years. Joel described being beaten by his stepfather on a regular basis. Physically abused boys often grow up to be aggressive, particularly toward women. Hurting women is a way to control them. Boys who are physically and sexually abused may grow up to be sadistic pedophiles like Joel. Joel's appointed psychologist said he is likely to commit predatory sex offences in the future. Imprisonment is not going to solve his problem. Those sex offenders who get out of jail say that the urge to rape is still with them and still difficult to control."
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Gun Control, 2007.
This paper reviews the history and theories behind the restriction of gun sales to minorities and poor people.
3,220 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that, over the years, even though the approach might be slightly different and more subtle, especially in the southern states, there has been very little change in the overall outlook of the American bias toward the ownership of guns by the minorities and poor. The author points out that, even though gun control laws have restricted gun ownership to people who can afford a decent life-style, these laws have had no effect on decreasing crime and disallow poor citizens from protecting themselves with the use of a firearm when facing a criminal situation. The paper concludes by arguing that, because poor people most often live in high crime rates areas or areas where there is very little law protection, to gain a sense of personal security, the laws must be changed and markets must sell low-priced legal firearms.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Gun Control and the Poor
From the Paper
"Even though, the blacks had to face the brunt of the gun control and restriction laws; however, they were not the only recipients. Certain white people who did not fit the bill of the Americans also faced numerous laws where they were treated less worthy for the ownership of guns. A good example of this could be the Sullivan law passed in 1911 where the focus shifted to the Italian immigrants, astonishingly, within the first three year of the implementation of the Sullivan law, 70% of the total people arrested had Italian names and surnames. Even the media was very openly not supportive of the guns being issued to the Italian immigrants; the disapproval was posted both in the "New York Tribune" as well as the "New York Times"."
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Leadership Programs for Inner-City Schools, 2007.
An analysis of the impact of leadership programs for football players at inner-city schools.
14,394 words (approx. 57.6 pages), 58 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes how disciplinary problems can be reduced in inner-city schools. It suggests that young people can learn to better manage themselves while relating to others. The paper focuses on a high school football program that focuses on instilling leadership qualities in its participants, to achieve this end. It reviews the literature and analyzes the success of these programs.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Chapter 1: Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Rationale of Study
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature
Background and Overview
The History of Mentoring
What is Mentoring?
Importance of After School Programs
Programs Found And Research
Economic Considerations
Assessing the Effectiveness of High School Sports-Based Leadership Programs
Data-gathering Method and Database of Study
Chapter 4: Data Analysis
Setting and Participants
Chapter 5: Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
Summary
Conclusions
Recommendations
From the Paper
"The research clearly showed that participation in extracurricular athletic programs provided high school students with a wide range of beneficial outcomes, including improved academic performance and fewer disciplinary problems. It is reasonable to conclude that participation in such extracurricular leadership development activities will help address many of the fundamental issues facing American educators and students alike in inner city schools, and but such interventions are not without effort and cost. Nevertheless, there are some obvious win-win aspects to such athletic-based initiatives as well, particularly for inner-city students who may have few alternatives available to them. According to one authority, "Teaching students how to live healthy is vital to our society. Physical education teaches students how to develop and maintain proper fitness. Teaching people how they can live longer not only benefits the individual but also society, through a reduction in medical spending due to unhealthy individuals" (Coviello, 1994, p. 6). Despite these findings, though, other authorities cite some fairly isolated examples of how participation in extracurricular leadership development programs either do not contribute to such development or merely provide an avenue for enhancing natural traits there were already present in a given percentage of the participants. Despite these constraints to the positive conclusions noted above, though, these potential downsides are more than offset by the important benefits that many students gain through such active participation. Therefore, the following recommendations are provided."
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Juvenile Crime, 2007.
An analysis of criminological theories that explain the underlying rationale behind serious criminal acts committed by juveniles.
3,811 words (approx. 15.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the emergence of juvenile crime as a significant criminological issue, raising concern among parents, local and federal police authorities, and government officials alike. The paper focuses on murder committed by juveniles. It then describes several criminological theories that have been applied in an attempt to understand the underlying rationale behind serious criminal acts committed by juveniles.
Table of Contents:
Introduction and Overview
Brief Background of Juvenile Crime
Subculture/Symbolic Interaction Theory
Application of the Symbolic Interaction Theory
Conclusion and Future Recommendations
From the Paper
"Thus, a review of the literature indicates that Symbolic Interaction theory can best be applied to explain the underlying causes of juvenile crime. This theory best explains juvenile crime because of its focus on self-identity and how the behavior of an individual is both created and influenced by how that individual is categorized and described by others in their society. This can be further demonstrated by stereotyping that occurs everyday in society. As a result, each individual is aware of how they are judged by others because he or she has attempted many different roles and functions in social interactions and has been able to gauge the reactions of those present. This builds a subjective conception of the self, but as others intrude into the reality of that individual's life, this represents objective data which may require a re-evaluation of that conception depending on the authoritativeness of the others' judgment. The more differential the treatment, the more the individual's self-image is affected."
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Correctional Staff Absenteeism, 2007.
This paper examines a study that explores reasons for staff absenteeism in correctional facilities.
4,299 words (approx. 17.2 pages), 18 sources, MLA, $ 113.95
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Abstract
The paper attempts to pinpoint the reasons for staff absenteeism in the prison system. The paper presents a study that uses a survey of corrections staff in a major prison facility. The paper discusses how solving the abstenteeism problem will help to improve the health, safety and well-being of staff members as well as inmates.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Problem Statement
Research Objectives
Literature Review
Methodology
Glossary of Terms
From the Paper
"Absenteeism in the correctional system reduces the efficiency of the organization. It can also be costly as well. The problems associated with absenteeism in prisons are exacerbated by rapidly rising prison populations (Dolovich, 2005). . In 1975, there were approximately 226,000 inmates in prisons across the United States (Cettinger, 1976 in Dolovich, 2005) By 1984, the population had risen to 740,000 (Hindelang Criminal Justice Research Ctr., 2004). By 2003, the prisoner population in the United States was over 2.1 million (Harrison and Beck, 2004). This dramatic rise in prison populations places the entire system under strain. Absenteeism significantly adds to this problem as staff struggle to take up the slack for those that are not at work."
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Child Abuse and Adult Criminal Behavior, 2007.
This paper discusses the relationship between child abuse and neglect, juvenile delinquency and adult violent criminal behavior.
10,990 words (approx. 44.0 pages), 84 sources, MLA, $ 217.95
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Abstract
The focus of this research review is the relationship that exists between child abuse and neglect and juvenile delinquency and adult violence or criminality. This work reviews relevant, reliable, and peer-reviewed literature in this subject area and states findings about prevention methods that target early identification and intervention of those who are predisposed to juvenile or adult violence or criminality due to childhood abuse. The review of literature reveals that a community-based effort that is collaborative in nature and that integrates the many levels of the community into a dynamic process of intervention and prevention is one most likely to succeed. Recommendations of this study include the recommendation that further and deeper research effort be applied toward the establishment of a knowledge base that has the potential to contribute to development of appropriate treatment and interventions. This work makes recommendations for a restructuring of the community-based service provisions for families with domestic violence and child abuse issues. This program implementation would be on a community-wide basis with the central heart of the operation being a community transition and transformation services home center that worked in a close and collaborative relationship with all other service agencies in the community in bringing about a community-based transformation in the lives of families and individuals throughout the community.
Outline:
Abstract
Objective
Introduction
Significance of the Study
Methodology
Literature Review
Summary of the Literature Reviewed
Findings of the Study
Recommendations for Future Research
From the Paper
"The woman who has been beaten may withdraw from the family, which often results in child neglect, and the stress associated with domestic violence may cause women who are at risk for violence to resort to violence. It is also held by researchers that some abused women, in an effort to protect them from the batterer punish the children too harshly. Children who have not experienced physical abuse may still become traumatized over having witnessed domestic violence. Furthermore, children often imitate the behavior they observe and victimize other children while alternatively they may adopt the role of the victim and become withdrawn. Finally the child witnessing domestic abuse or being abused, neglected or victimized may developmentally fail to acquire the ability to control their temper or expression themselves emotionally."
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Juvenile Diversion Programs, 2007.
This paper explores the history and benefits of juvenile diversion programs in the United States and California.
9,633 words (approx. 38.5 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 196.95
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Abstract
The paper outlines the history of juvenile diversion programs in the United States, with a specific focus on California's juvenile diversion programs. The paper discusses the benefits and successes of these types of programs, looking at current diversion programs already in place. The paper examines literature that shows the financial advantages of juvenile diversion programs as compared to processing juvenile offenders through the criminal justice system. Finally, the paper concludes with recommendations for future studies on juvenile diversion programs.
Outline:
Introduction
Brief Background of Juvenile Delinquency and Attempts at Diversion
Support for Juvenile Diversion Programs
Background of Juvenile Diversion Programs
Pre-charge Diversion Programs
Specific Juvenile Diversion Programs Currently in Use
Brief Overview of the Juvenile Court System
Cost-Comparison of Juvenile Diversion Programs and the Criminal Justice System
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the past few decades, juvenile delinquency has emerged as a significant criminal and sociological issue, raising concern among parents, educators, policy-makers and government officials alike. Juvenile delinquency has become a major crime issue in the United States; in California the public has been overwhelmed with stories from the media, providing graphic evidence of a crime wave generated by our youth who, according to media reports, prey upon a defenseless public. The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention reports that on average, juveniles were involved in one-quarter of serious violent victimization annually over the last 25 years; juvenile offenders were known to be involved in about 1,100 murders in the U.S. in 2003; over 108,700 juveniles were in detention, correctional, or shelter facilities in 1995; and courts with juvenile jurisdiction disposed of more than 1.6 million delinquency cases in 2000."
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Juvenile Sex Offenders, 2007.
A review of the theoretical basis and causes of adolescent sexual aggression as addressed in academic literature.
9,746 words (approx. 39.0 pages), 80 sources, MLA, $ 198.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how sexual aggression perpetrated by adolescents has represented a growing concern in the United States over the past decade and how adolescents account for the vast majority of cases involving rape and child molestation perpetrated by minors. It highlights the need to find a way to curb sexual aggression and in order to understand the causes and potential solutions for this problem, turns to the extant body of academic research.
Outline
Theoretical Basis of Sexual Aggression
Early Attachment
Childhood Attachment Styles
Adult Attachment Styles
Affect Regulation, Empathy, and Attachment
Fathers and Attachment
Adult Attachment
Adolescent Attachment
Etiology of Adult Male Sex Offenders
Classifications of Adult Male Sex Offenders
The Juvenile Male Sex Offender
Legal Definition of Sex Offenses
Current Research on Juvenile Offenders
Victims of the Juvenile Male Sex Offender
Demographic Characteristics of Male Juvenile Sex Offenders
Etiology of Male Juvenile Sex Offenders
Mental Health Issues of Male Juvenile Sex Offenders
Attachment and the Juvenile Sex Offender
Why This Study?
Aim of the Study
From the Paper
"Attachment theory, as proposed by Bowlby (1969, 1973), serves as a conceptual framework for explaining variations in mental health, emotional regulation, and interpersonal relations. According to Bowlby (1969, 1973), the attachment system is designed to help the child maintain proximity to significant others as a means of coping with stress-inducing events. A child's attachment behavior becomes activated by hunger, pain, fatigue, or anything frightening (Bowlby, 1988). The significant other functions as a "haven of safety" that individuals seek out for support and relief in times of stress. Additionally, the significant other serves as a "secure base" from which to explore the world and pursue other goals unrelated to attachment (Mikulincer, et al., 2003). According to Bowlby (1988), if the caregiver is consistent, there is a sense of security in this relationship. "
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Cyber Crime Web Sites, 2007.
A description of some of the organizations that attempt to combat cyber crimes.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and analyzes some of the many organizations and agencies that play a role in the fight against cyber crimes. The paper briefly discusses some of the various types of cyber crimes that exist. It then describes specific organizations and agencies and analyzes how they contribute to the fight against cyber crimes, specifically within the United States.
From the Paper
"Other organizations that deal with cyber crime include the National Child Exploitation Coordination Centre or NCECC (http://ncecc.ca/). This is a national clearing house as well as a coordination centre for investigations related to child sexual exploitation on the Internet. It aims to build relationships with international organizations to raise awareness of cyber crimes against children. It also lends support to law enforcement agencies."
"The Computer Crime Research Center (CCRC) (http://www.crime-research.org/) is an independent institute which focuses on research into various forms of cyber crime as well as cyber terrorism and internet fraud. A central concern of this organization is research on methods of fighting child pornography and pedophilia in the Internet. Research is carried out in conjunction with Transnational Crime and Corruption Center (TraCCC) at the American University, Washington, DC, USA."
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Death Penalty, 2007.
This paper discusses the controversial subject of capital punishment and looks at whether the death penalty serves as a deterrent.
2,827 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer maintains that although polls must be seen only as a reflection, it is clear that Americans see death as a justifiable punishment for the worst sorts of criminal homicides. As a result, the writer notes that the controversy of whether or not this is a deterrent against crime rages on and on. The writer points out that opponents continue to conduct studies to prove that one crime does not make up for another, while proponents continue to conduct studies to justify their belief system. Following a review of relevant literature the writer concludes that there is no consistency among the studies that are done to determine the impact of the death penalty.
From the Paper
"Mendes and McDonald thus argued that the empirical ambiguity with respect to sentence severity arises because sometimes the empirical formulation of deterrence theory fails to keep the theoretical package intact. Especially, statistical models that isolate the components through the use of separate, additive elements do not account for the expected cost calculation as specified in the theory. Sentence length does not work apart from the probability of arrest and conviction. Instead, the three elements work together."
"Neither certainty nor severity of punishment can substitute for the other...any deterrent impact of certainty depends on the level of severity. Most likely, severity by itself cannot replace certainty, but the opposite is equally true. Models that do not reflect the combination of all deterrence elements fail to translate the theory and are likely to fall short of finding a significant effect for all of the components."
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Due Process of Law, 2007.
This paper discusses and explains the term due process of law.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses due process of the law, which is a term that has been used for many years. The writer notes that the general principle of this term is that everyone is entitled to a day in court when he or she has been accused or charged with a violation of the law. In addition, the due process of law mandates the belief that each person's case should be fully explored and heard before any judgment is rendered with regard to that case. The writer explains that the due process of law protects people from being deprived of their life, liberty or property as well as any rights that have been given to them by legislation or statute. The writer concludes that with illegal immigration being a hot topic throughout the nation it is important to understand how due process and equal protection of the law impacts those immigrants.
Outline:
Equal Protection of the Law
Conclusion
From the Paper
"This is interesting because for many years after the development of the constitution, African Americans were not treated equally. When they finally one the right to vote, their vote only counted as two thirds of a whole vote and they were allowed to be forced to sit at the back of the buses, and sent to Black only schools and other places that were designed specifically for that race. When it came to the law they were also discriminated against as they were treated differently in courts and jails and not afforded the same right to jury trials as their white counterparts were."
"Eventually this was challenged enough times that law makers made it clear all people meant all people, not just whites, or men or a certain economic group. It meant each and every person is to be afforded the same protection by the same laws."
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