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Juvenile Diversion Programs, 2007.
This paper explores the history and benefits of juvenile diversion programs in the United States and California.
9,633 words (approx. 38.5 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 196.95
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Abstract
The paper outlines the history of juvenile diversion programs in the United States, with a specific focus on California's juvenile diversion programs. The paper discusses the benefits and successes of these types of programs, looking at current diversion programs already in place. The paper examines literature that shows the financial advantages of juvenile diversion programs as compared to processing juvenile offenders through the criminal justice system. Finally, the paper concludes with recommendations for future studies on juvenile diversion programs.
Outline:
Introduction
Brief Background of Juvenile Delinquency and Attempts at Diversion
Support for Juvenile Diversion Programs
Background of Juvenile Diversion Programs
Pre-charge Diversion Programs
Specific Juvenile Diversion Programs Currently in Use
Brief Overview of the Juvenile Court System
Cost-Comparison of Juvenile Diversion Programs and the Criminal Justice System
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the past few decades, juvenile delinquency has emerged as a significant criminal and sociological issue, raising concern among parents, educators, policy-makers and government officials alike. Juvenile delinquency has become a major crime issue in the United States; in California the public has been overwhelmed with stories from the media, providing graphic evidence of a crime wave generated by our youth who, according to media reports, prey upon a defenseless public. The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention reports that on average, juveniles were involved in one-quarter of serious violent victimization annually over the last 25 years; juvenile offenders were known to be involved in about 1,100 murders in the U.S. in 2003; over 108,700 juveniles were in detention, correctional, or shelter facilities in 1995; and courts with juvenile jurisdiction disposed of more than 1.6 million delinquency cases in 2000."
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Juvenile Sex Offenders, 2007.
A review of the theoretical basis and causes of adolescent sexual aggression as addressed in academic literature.
9,746 words (approx. 39.0 pages), 80 sources, MLA, $ 198.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how sexual aggression perpetrated by adolescents has represented a growing concern in the United States over the past decade and how adolescents account for the vast majority of cases involving rape and child molestation perpetrated by minors. It highlights the need to find a way to curb sexual aggression and in order to understand the causes and potential solutions for this problem, turns to the extant body of academic research.
Outline
Theoretical Basis of Sexual Aggression
Early Attachment
Childhood Attachment Styles
Adult Attachment Styles
Affect Regulation, Empathy, and Attachment
Fathers and Attachment
Adult Attachment
Adolescent Attachment
Etiology of Adult Male Sex Offenders
Classifications of Adult Male Sex Offenders
The Juvenile Male Sex Offender
Legal Definition of Sex Offenses
Current Research on Juvenile Offenders
Victims of the Juvenile Male Sex Offender
Demographic Characteristics of Male Juvenile Sex Offenders
Etiology of Male Juvenile Sex Offenders
Mental Health Issues of Male Juvenile Sex Offenders
Attachment and the Juvenile Sex Offender
Why This Study?
Aim of the Study
From the Paper
"Attachment theory, as proposed by Bowlby (1969, 1973), serves as a conceptual framework for explaining variations in mental health, emotional regulation, and interpersonal relations. According to Bowlby (1969, 1973), the attachment system is designed to help the child maintain proximity to significant others as a means of coping with stress-inducing events. A child's attachment behavior becomes activated by hunger, pain, fatigue, or anything frightening (Bowlby, 1988). The significant other functions as a "haven of safety" that individuals seek out for support and relief in times of stress. Additionally, the significant other serves as a "secure base" from which to explore the world and pursue other goals unrelated to attachment (Mikulincer, et al., 2003). According to Bowlby (1988), if the caregiver is consistent, there is a sense of security in this relationship. "
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Cyber Crime Web Sites, 2007.
A description of some of the organizations that attempt to combat cyber crimes.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and analyzes some of the many organizations and agencies that play a role in the fight against cyber crimes. The paper briefly discusses some of the various types of cyber crimes that exist. It then describes specific organizations and agencies and analyzes how they contribute to the fight against cyber crimes, specifically within the United States.
From the Paper
"Other organizations that deal with cyber crime include the National Child Exploitation Coordination Centre or NCECC (http://ncecc.ca/). This is a national clearing house as well as a coordination centre for investigations related to child sexual exploitation on the Internet. It aims to build relationships with international organizations to raise awareness of cyber crimes against children. It also lends support to law enforcement agencies."
"The Computer Crime Research Center (CCRC) (http://www.crime-research.org/) is an independent institute which focuses on research into various forms of cyber crime as well as cyber terrorism and internet fraud. A central concern of this organization is research on methods of fighting child pornography and pedophilia in the Internet. Research is carried out in conjunction with Transnational Crime and Corruption Center (TraCCC) at the American University, Washington, DC, USA."
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Death Penalty, 2007.
This paper discusses the controversial subject of capital punishment and looks at whether the death penalty serves as a deterrent.
2,827 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer maintains that although polls must be seen only as a reflection, it is clear that Americans see death as a justifiable punishment for the worst sorts of criminal homicides. As a result, the writer notes that the controversy of whether or not this is a deterrent against crime rages on and on. The writer points out that opponents continue to conduct studies to prove that one crime does not make up for another, while proponents continue to conduct studies to justify their belief system. Following a review of relevant literature the writer concludes that there is no consistency among the studies that are done to determine the impact of the death penalty.
From the Paper
"Mendes and McDonald thus argued that the empirical ambiguity with respect to sentence severity arises because sometimes the empirical formulation of deterrence theory fails to keep the theoretical package intact. Especially, statistical models that isolate the components through the use of separate, additive elements do not account for the expected cost calculation as specified in the theory. Sentence length does not work apart from the probability of arrest and conviction. Instead, the three elements work together."
"Neither certainty nor severity of punishment can substitute for the other...any deterrent impact of certainty depends on the level of severity. Most likely, severity by itself cannot replace certainty, but the opposite is equally true. Models that do not reflect the combination of all deterrence elements fail to translate the theory and are likely to fall short of finding a significant effect for all of the components."
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Due Process of Law, 2007.
This paper discusses and explains the term due process of law.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses due process of the law, which is a term that has been used for many years. The writer notes that the general principle of this term is that everyone is entitled to a day in court when he or she has been accused or charged with a violation of the law. In addition, the due process of law mandates the belief that each person's case should be fully explored and heard before any judgment is rendered with regard to that case. The writer explains that the due process of law protects people from being deprived of their life, liberty or property as well as any rights that have been given to them by legislation or statute. The writer concludes that with illegal immigration being a hot topic throughout the nation it is important to understand how due process and equal protection of the law impacts those immigrants.
Outline:
Equal Protection of the Law
Conclusion
From the Paper
"This is interesting because for many years after the development of the constitution, African Americans were not treated equally. When they finally one the right to vote, their vote only counted as two thirds of a whole vote and they were allowed to be forced to sit at the back of the buses, and sent to Black only schools and other places that were designed specifically for that race. When it came to the law they were also discriminated against as they were treated differently in courts and jails and not afforded the same right to jury trials as their white counterparts were."
"Eventually this was challenged enough times that law makers made it clear all people meant all people, not just whites, or men or a certain economic group. It meant each and every person is to be afforded the same protection by the same laws."
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Anti-Money Laundering (AML) Systems, 2007.
This paper discusses the effectiveness of anti-money laundering (AML) systems employed by Switzerland and the United Kingdom as compared to the U.S.A.
9,860 words (approx. 39.4 pages), 37 sources, APA, $ 200.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Financial Task Force on Money Laundering (FATF) was formed by the G-7 nations as an intergovernmental task force to examine money laundering trends, techniques and past AML actions and to develop new, more effective measures for implementation into anti-money laundering (AML) systems. The author points out that, although Switzerland and the U.K. have developed intricate AML systems as describe in this paper, the U.S.'s enforcement oriented AML system is the international leader. The paper recommends that AML systems could be strengthened by investigating and prosecuting money laundering activity in connection with every criminal offense, which is often associated with money laundering, such as terrorism, corruption and tax evasion This paper includes tables and graphs.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Definition of Money Laundering
Trends in Money Laundering
Anti-Money Laundering Systems: International Standards
History of the Development of Anti-Money Laundering Systems
Anti-Money Laundering Systems: The United Kingdom
Anti-Money Laundering Systems: Switzerland
The Future of Money Laundering and Anti-Money Laundering Systems
Switzerland vs. the U.K.: How Effective are Their AML Systems?
Appendix 1: Country Page - Switzerland, IBA Anti-Money Laundering Forum
Appendix 2: Country Page - the United Kingdom, IBA Anti-Money Laundering Forum
Appendix 3: FATF - The Forty Recommendations
From the Paper
"It is important to understand past trends in methods for money laundering in order to predict and prevent the development of future methods. This is gained through an in-depth understanding of the prevalence and evolution of money laundering methods and their current and emerging trends. The identification of trends ensures that money laundering methods are understood and that action is taken to comprehend other key factors involved, such as context. Through its typologies effort, the FATF emphasized the identification and description of money laundering trends both at the worldwide level and on a more systematic basis."
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Police Profiling, 2007.
An overview of the advantages and disadvantages of police profiling.
2,902 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the term "police profiling" has a contentious and controversial history. One point of view is that police profiling is seen as a useful and necessary part of law enforcement - particularly in an era that is characterized by terrorism and terrorist activities. On the other hand there is also a legitimate concern that police profiling can be an instrument of discrimination and that it is not sophisticated enough to avoid abuse of the system. This has led to many allegations of discrimination and unjust treatment by sectors of the public. This paper discusses both of these views in an attempt to establish the pros and cons, as well as the relative effectiveness, of this law enforcement technique.
Outline:
Introduction
Racial Profiling and Discrimination
The Contemporary Context
Summation and Conclusion
From the Paper
"While police profiling is intended in theory as a neutral process enabling better law enforcement control, it has been significantly associated with racial profiling and other forms of discrimination. However it should be noted at the outset that there is a real and particular difference between police profiling and racial profiling. On the other hand there are also those who contend that the difference between profiling and racial discrimination is open to suspicion and that police profiling can easily become racial discrimination. From this point of view the police profiler is seen as one who targets and identifies certain groups as being more involved in criminal activities than others. "
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Leadership, 2007.
This paper examines the issue of leadership within an organization, concentrating on the Tennessee Highway Patrol.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the presence or the absence of effective leadership can have a dramatic impact on organizations. The writer points out that business environments can offer various examples of companies that found themselves one step away from bankruptcy, but were transformed to more efficient and effective structures after ineffective administrators were replaced with competent and dynamic leaders. The paper then provides an analysis of the management and leadership of the Tennessee Highway Patrol, using the state police organization as a model. The paper first analyzes the evolution of ineffective practices within the police-structures, which made necessary an "upgrade" both in managerial and leadership practices and then goes on to examine several leadership styles, focusing on situational leadership as the most appropriate to the studied organization.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Brief Description of the Tennessee Highway Patrol
Ineffective Leadership Practices
Understanding the Importance of Leadership
Management Vs. Leadership
Situational Leadership
Conclusion
From the Paper
""Nevertheless, today's reality of technically competent and better educated police officers makes the authoritative leadership practices obsolete, as they no more respond to the expectations and needs of police personnel."
"As part of a more sophisticated society, officers are not anymore ready to accept the command of an ineffective leader. Today, an autocratic style of leadership will not only lead to poor morale and reduced effectiveness within an organization, but will also cause quality personal to leave."
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Child Sexual Abuse, 2007.
This paper reviews research studies about child sexual abuse, with an emphasis on how child sexual abuse negatively impacts society as a whole.
2,440 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that child sexual abuse, which occurs across all ethnic, racial, socioeconomic, and religious groups, poses a significant public health problem to U.S. society. The author points out that the direct costs to society include hospitalization, chronic health problems and law enforcement. The author also points out that the indirect costs are problems such as juvenile delinquency, special education needs and criminal behavior, which are much more common among childhood victims of abuse. The paper relates that children who have been abused sexually and adult survivors of child sexual abuse often suffer a range of psychological and behavioral problems in both the short and long term. The paper includes a table showing types of child sexual abuse.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Methodology
Findings
Impact of Child Sexual Abuse on Individuals
Impact of Child Sexual Abuse on Society
Undisclosed Abuse: Hidden Implications
Conclusions and Discussion
From the Paper
"Research shows that male victims are less likely to report the abuse, more likely to blame themselves for the abuse, and more likely to act out aggressively in response to it (Overstolz, 2001). Like female victims, male victims feel guilt and self-blame, low self-esteem and self-image, problems with intimacy, sexual dysfunction, substance abuse and depression and symptoms of post-traumatic stress syndrome. Many male victims try hard to "prove" their masculinity by having multiple female sex partners; sexually, physically or verbally victimizing others; or displaying dangerous or violent behaviors. They may have negative feelings about their own sexuality, confusion over gender and sexual identity, and may experience feelings of inadequacy. They may also have a sense of lost power, control and confidence in their manhood."
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Fraud: Tyco, 2007.
This paper examines the fraud fiasco at Tyco International Ltd.
2,139 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the 21st century saw the frauds committed by executives of Enron, WorldCom and Tyco. The writer points out that these frauds concern not a pitiful few thousand dollars in change but the betrayal of public trust, amounting to theft of billions of dollars over a period of several years. This paper focuses on the Tyco fiasco and examines it in detail. The writer discusses the actions of the three Tyco executives concerned and maintains that their downfall is their own doing and that they will spend most of their twilight years in prison with history books judging them as thieves and con artists of the grandest scale. The writer then concludes that these same individuals have ultimately contributed to the betterment of corporate social responsibility, corporate governance and fiscal responsibility because better and stricter regulations have been implemented to prevent re-occurrence of their actions not only at Tyco but other corporations as well.
Outline:
The Reckoning
Perpetrators and Discoveries
How Could It Have Been Detected Earlier
The Red Flags
Lack of Controls?
End Game
From the Paper
"In the contemporary setting, the men whom the gods wish to destroy are the icons of American industry that supposedly brought myriad riches to the coffers of various American corporations. But these industry and finance magnates forgot they are mere mortal, men of flesh and blood whose mortality is guaranteed. Yet for the power given to them, they felt they are demi-gods or gods themselves that could rule and conquer the corporations they supposedly lead. The beginning of the century saw the downfall of these gods of American corporations and the gods indeed deprived them of their senses - that of the sense of propriety, decency and humanity. Hence, the 21st century saw the frauds committed by executives of Enron, WorldCom and Tyco."
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Juvenile Recidivism, 2007.
An analysis of the causal factors and variables that impact and affect recidivism among juvenile offenders.
3,181 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 18 sources, APA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
The central impetus of this paper is firstly to provide a comprehensive overview of the factors that influence recidivism in juveniles. The focus in this proposal is on the causative factors that emanate from juvenile delinquency and which can be seen to extend to recidivistic behavior. The aim of the research, however, is not only to document these causative factors but also to integrate and a suggest patterns within these various factors.
Outline:
Introduction: Aims and Intentions of This Study
An Overview of the Problematics of Juvenile Recidivism
The Problematics of Recidivism as a Result of Legal and Court Process
Causal Variables
Theoretical Concerns
Conclusion
From the Paper
"An important aspect that also forms a crucial part of the debate about recidivism and effective measures is that in many studies punishment is often considered a les effective means of dealing with this problem. In the view of Barron ( 1954) " Punishment is especially likely to be followed by recidivism, possibly because punishment does not reform and because it results in social ostracism of the punished. The younger the child is at the time of his or her first adjudication as a delinquent, the greater is the likelihood that there will be recidivism. " (Barron, 1954, p. 319)"
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John Gotti, 2007.
This paper discusses the life of famed mobster, John Gotti.
1,306 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that John Gotti was considered one of the most controversial and influential organized crime bosses in American history. The paper examines Gotti's childhood and adult life and his uncanny ability to have trouble and charges slip off his back. The paper describes how, when he was finally sentenced to life in prison, he died of cancer instead of fulfilling that sentence.
Outline:
Introduction
The Early Years
His Adult Life
Conclusion
From the Paper
"For most of recent history the name John Gotti has been tied to the mob. He is and was considered one of the most controversial and influential organized crime bosses in American history. His life was filled with criminal acts, stays in prison and the recent slow tortured death brought on by cancer. His family lives on in his memory even starring in a television reality show called "Growing Up Gotti," . He was feared, he was scorned and he was shunned by polite society, but among the underworld he was a hero."
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