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Impact of Incarceration on Families, 2007.
An in-depth look at how families and communities are affected by incarceration.
6,099 words (approx. 24.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 143.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews, discusses and analyzes the impact that incarceration has on a prisoner's family and community. According to the paper, the majority of the incarcerated population are men, most of whom are fathers with families. The paper takes a look at how the families of prison inmates are left behind to pick up the pieces.
From the Paper
"Mass incarceration places a tremendous strain on the extended networks of friends and family that have traditionally sustained poor African American families in difficult times, thereby weakening the communities' ability to cope and survive economic and social hardships (Roberts 2004). Although loss of family contact may be seen by many as simply part of the offender's deserved punishment, there are damaging consequences to families, social networks, and communities. According to Roberts, the "injury to social networks is also a counterbalance to claims that removing criminals may benefit their relatives by relieving the families of problems caused by the offender's antisocial behavior" (Roberts 2004). However, the type of offender has changed due to the new sentencing reforms that impose harsh prison terms for relatively minor drug offense, thereby increasing incarceration of first-time, nonviolent offenders, who most likely have valuable ties to the community networks and institutions, which means that the loss to communities is greater today in terms of the quality as well as quantity of inmates (Roberts 2004)."
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Stalking, 2007.
This paper discusses the crime of stalking.
2,409 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
The paper defines stalking and discusses five specific categories of stalkers based on motivations and context. The paper looks at anti-stalking legislation and the role of law enforcement in this area. The paper notes, however, the complexity of stalking behavior that cannot easily be remedied by a set of laws. The paper discusses how communities not only need to penalize offenders, but need to determine when psychological care is needed in order to eliminate this conduct.
From the Paper
"Most Americans first heard the word "stalking" in the mid- 1990s associated with celebrities and politicians. However, it is now known that people, well known and not, are victimized by stalkers. The U.S. Department of Justice believes that this behavior is much more prevalent than previously believed. Survey findings indicate that stalking affects about 1.4 million victims annually (Tjaden, 1997, p.1)."
"It is also estimated that women are two times as likely to be physically assaulted than stalked, but three times more likely to be stalked than sexually assaulted. Thus, in terms of frequency, stalking falls in between the other two crimes, although stalking situations may include one or both of these behaviors. Overall, however, stalking remains a comparatively unexamined source of criminal behavior."
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Juveniles Tried As Adults, 2007.
This paper argues that juveniles should to be tried in adult courts for violent crimes.
1,561 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper maintains that if minors who commit violent crimes were tried as adults and punished as adults, the number of violent crimes committed by youths would decline. The paper discussses how minors could receive psychological help so that upon their eventual release they become productive members of society and not threats to helpless victims. The paper argues that a transfer to adult court should be available in all cases of violent crimes committed by people in their teenage years.
From the Paper
"With so many people concerned about the increase in violent crimes in our society, the logical place to begin the process of changing this dangerous trend is with the nation's youth. If minors who commit violent crimes were tried as adults and punished as adults, the number of violent crimes committed by youths would decline. Consequently, in the future the number of violent crimes in general would decline as stiffer penalties and punishments would be used to keep violent offenders in prison for longer sentences. Violent crimes can be defined as murder, rape, armed robbery, aggravated assault, larceny-theft and the like depending on state law (pbs.org)."
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Violent Homophobia in the U.S., 2007.
This paper looks at the proliferation of antisocial behavior against gay people, examines theories related to homophobia, and reports on the research available.
1,635 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper reports on problems with violence against gays in the military and in everyday life, explaining that it is basically a "hate crime", but does not receive the same status in all areas of the country. The author points out that one of several reasons offered why a person might develop a belligerent attitude toward gay people is the Freudian notion that, since all children have repressed yet strong attractions to their "same-sex parent", later in life the male individual puts up a defense against that attraction in the form of hatred towards men who engage in homosexual activities. The paper explains that other reasons are that anti-gay persons are not likely to have had any personal contact with gays and that many gay "bashers" have grown up with parents and church influences that identify gays as mentally ill child molesters.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Literature Review
From the Paper
"Van Der Meer describes most violent perpetrators in Western cultures as having had a "rite of passage" that takes three phases. The first, he doesn't "give a shit about anything," rejects parental leadership, and feels as if he is a "nobody"; the second phase is the "liminal period," the so-called "group solidarity" during which he is "forced to participate." The group may begin in a bar simply joking about gays, then actually see one, and while attacking a gay man, nobody in the group can back out lest he be rejected from the solidarity."
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Juvenile Delinquency on US American Indian Reservations, 2007.
This paper discusses the high rates of juvenile delinquency by American Indian youth living on reservations.
2,290 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
The paper explores how many programs and government agencies have attempted to address this dilemma of juvenile delinquency. The paper relates that on United States Indian reservations, the current approach to juvenile delinquency includes prevention, intervention and graduated sanctions. The paper offers reasons for the prevalence of this juvenile delinquency and reveals that although the crimes involving delinquent acts by juveniles on American Indian reservations are increasing, the causes are similar to the causes of delinquency of the general population.
Outline:
Brief Background of Juvenile Delinquency
Reasons for the Prevalence of Juvenile Delinquency on Reservations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the past few decades, juvenile delinquency has emerged as a significant criminal and sociological issue, raising concern among parents, educators, policy-makers and government officials alike. Juvenile delinquency has become a major crime issue on United States American Indian reservations; the public has been overwhelmed with stories from the media, providing graphic evidence of a crime wave generated by American Indian youth living on reservations. According to the Bureau of Prisons, the number of Indian youth in custody has increased by nearly 300% since 1994 (Johnson, 2004). Additionally, statistical data indicates that the arrest rate for Native American youth is about twice that of the overall youth population statewide in North Dakota (Martin, 2002)."
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Police Ethics, 2007.
This paper examines the portrayal of police ethics in the film "The Untouchables" and the media portrayal of ethical lapses among police officers in Los Angeles' elite Rampart division.
1,635 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the feature film "The Untouchables" that involves the police officer Jim Malone during Prohibition-era Chicago. The paper describes how Malone turns a blind eye to his fellow officers' corruption and the crimes of the most significant gangster of the time, Al Capone. The paper also examines widespread corruption in the Los Angeles police department's Rampart division. The paper maintains that the high moral standard to which we hold police officers must preclude such ethical lapses.
From the Paper
"Because they are charged with enforcing the law, police officers are held by society to a high moral standard. Unfortunately, police officers sometimes commit serious errors in judgment and their actions fail to meet that standard. Such ethical lapses are regularly portrayed in communications products, such as feature films, and in the news media. One prominent example of an ethical dilemma faced by a police officer in a feature film involves the character of Officer Jim Malone in The Untouchables. Malone is working as a cop in a corrupt police force during Prohibition-era Chicago. However, before meeting with Eliot Ness, Malone largely turns a blind eye to his fellow officers' corruption and the crimes of the most significant gangster of the time, Al Capone."
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High Risk Inmates, 2007.
An analysis of the factors contributing to the occurrence of violence in prisons.
1,383 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes four causes or reasons for the occurrence of prison violence by inmates. It discusses each of these reasons in detail and then discusses environmental contributors to violence in prison, such as overcrowding. Finally, the paper discusses the contribution of poor diet to the occurrences of prison violence and how this can be rectified.
From the Paper
"Another more recent development in the research associated with prison violence is diet, as many prisons have been found to provide the inmates with a seriously lacking diet. Though there is a great deal of suspicion in the research and prison communities that the effect that diet can have on behavior is overblown to say the least, there are currently several ongoing studies that have had promising results with regard to diet improvement and the mandatory supplementation with vitamins. The promise of such studies has resulted in a vast change in diet in some institutions and results are significant, especially with regard to internal violence. (Meacher 30)"
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Forensic Nursing, 2007.
This paper discusses the history and other related aspects to forensic nursing.
2,100 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that over the past few years, the practice of forensic nursing has emerged as a dramatic new profession as a result of the numerous crime television shows and media attention on the medical aspect of criminal investigations. The writer notes that media has portrayed forensic nursing as a new phenomenon used to solve crimes to public society even though nurses have actually been practicing forensic nursing for many years. This paper discusses the history, need, educational requirements and the practice of the forensic nurse. It also analyzes the current and future implications of the forensic nurse in relation to healthcare trends, and concludes with a projection of this role in the future as technological advancements in the industry progress.
Outline:
Introduction
The History of and the Need for Forensic Nursing
Educational Requirements and Practice of the Forensic Nurse
Current and Future Implications and the Relation to Healthcare Trends
Current Healthcare System and Future Projections
From the Paper
"Although portions of her testimony were not admitted by the court, it was considered a small victory for forensic nursing because the court recognized Brown as an expert witness. In 2002, another court held that nurses who examine alleged rape victims may testify in court but cannot offer their opinion that a victim's injuries were caused by sexual assault. After 2002, the particular need for this profession, was established, as forensic nurses play many different roles. Forensic nurses assist rape victims, and work with other types of interpersonal abuse such as domestic violence, child and elderly abuse, neglect and physiological, as well as psychological abuse. Many forensic nurses work as examiners in hospital emergency rooms, examining victims of near-fatal or fatal traumas such as shooting or stabbing. In these cases, the forensic nurse works in collecting bullets and other debris left in the body that will assist in the investigation. They also have to photograph and measure the wounds of the patients, and in the case of death, the forensic nurse works in conjunction with the medical examiner."
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Correctional Officers and the Death Penalty, 2007.
An argument in favor of capital punishment against criminals who murder correctional officers in prison.
1,139 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper presents arguments regarding the morality and legality of the death penalty and argues briefly for its continued presence within the fabric of the contemporary United States justice system. The paper examines the enforcement of the death penalty in the different states and reasons for its use. The paper demonstrates the importance of maintaining the deterrence of correctional officers who face the risk of murder from incarcerated inmates.
Outline:
Overview
The Death Penalty in the United States
Reasons for the Death Penalty
Why Correctional Officers in Prison are Analogous to Police Officers
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The U.S. Constitution forbids cruel and unusual punishment. What constitutes cruel and unusual punishment is a subjective idea, and has evolved over the course of world and American history, both legally and in terms of public opinion. The appropriateness of punishment is something that evolves in dialogue with the law courts of the land and also in terms of what people believe is fair punishment. At present, the U.S. Supreme Court has affirmed the constitutionality of the death penalty, provided that it is enforced in a fair and equitable manner, and the majority of the United States citizenry has supports the death penalty. Support is growing, rather than sinking. "Support reached an all-time low of 42% in 1966. Throughout the 70s and 80s, the percentage of Americans in favor of the death penalty increased steadily, culminating in an 80% approval rating in 1994"."
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The Zodiac Killer, 2007.
An analysis of the activities of the Zodiac Killer and the pathology of serial killers, in general.
1,604 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the case of the Zodiac Killer who terrorized the city of San Fransisco for almost a decade, beginning in 1968. The paper discusses the known activities of the serial killer and the general pathology that would apply to a killer such as the Zodiac Killer. The paper then discusses which of these pathologies have been associated with the Zodiac Killer, as he has not yet been identified.
From the Paper
"Law enforcement has become better equipped over the past thirty years to cope with this sort of crime, with the aforementioned use of profiles, with DNA as a new tool, and with the creation of units dedicated specifically to this type of crime. Even so, numerous instances can be cited where progress was stymied just as much as it was for the Zodiac case for many years before the killer was found. The Green River killer in Washington state is one such case, and he operated from 1982 to 1998 for "the largest unsolved murder case in the country" until Gary Ridgbeway pleaded guilty in 2003 ("Green River Killings" para. 1). Another case is that of the so-called BTK killer in Kansas, who operated from 1974 to 1991 and then again in 2004 until Dennis Rader was caught. Such crimes can be virtually impossible to stop and very difficult to solve, and the Zodiac case is a clear example. Graysmith details how the police and others tried to solve the crimes and how they failed, though the crimes did stop for reasons unknown."
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Blackbeard, 2007.
An analysis of the background and notorious activities of Captain Edward Teach, otherwise known as Blackbeard, the pirate.
1,389 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the life and activities of Captain Edward Teach, otherwise known as Blackbeard, the pirate. It describes his introduction into piracy and the growth of his crew and wealth. The paper then discusses some of his activities, particularly his treatment of prisoners and his crew and how they contributed to his notorious reputation.
From the Paper
"However, he could keep away from the sea and gathered his old crew to plot further acts of piracy. Alexander Spotswood, Governor of Virginia, saw an opportunity get one leg up on his rival, Governor Eden, and win favor from the government by ridding the Caribbean of its most notorious pirate forever. He sent a Royal Navy squadron in pursuit and cornered him in Ocracoke Inlet, North Carolina, on November 22, 1718. Not surprising, Blackbeard put up a fight. He took hits from five musket balls and more than 20 sword slashes before dying. Spotswood cut his off and took it away as the ultimate trophy."
"What was the reason why Blackbeard was so bloodthirsty? Was he just born mean, like some people are? Or, did something happen to him to change his ways? A crew has been studying a boat found at Beaufort Inlet off the coast of North Carolina that is believed to be Blackbeard's pirate flagship, which has been sitting in the briny deep for over 300 years. The hope was that they would not bring up the ghosts along with the boat (Daily Mail)."
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Community-Oriented Policing, 2007.
An analysis of the benefits of community-oriented police techniques.
2,356 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of policing. Specifically, it examines the nature and scope of policing through community-oriented police techniques. The paper begins by describing what community policing is. It then describes the factors that challenge law enforcement and discusses how community policing can be beneficial to improving policing.
Table of Contents:
What is Community Policing?
Police Professionalism and Community Policing
What is Community Policing?
Police Professionalism and Community Policing
The Four Factors That Challenge Law Enforcement
Other Challenges
Two Strategies for Creating Better Police Officers
From the Paper
"Another strategy could be increased training in sociological and psychological skills for new officers. This would include more public service training on how to deal with members of the community, as well as how to recognize specific social problems within the community, such as abusive relationships, gang activity, and a host of other problems officers might eventually encounter or uncover. In addition, it seems that officers are extremely vulnerable to stresses that occur with the job, and if they could receive more psychological training, it might help them recognize certain destructive behaviors in themselves and fellow officers. Stress management techniques as a part of this training would be extremely effective. After initial training, stress management activities within the department might also make a difference. For example, the department might offer free off-site yoga classes, or other stress management activities officers and their families could participate in if they chose. It would also help to include some family counseling activities for family members who are suffering stress from their loved ones' jobs, since dissatisfied family members can be another source of stress for the officer. Most people understand the role of a police officer is stressful, but many young recruits may not anticipate the many stressful situations that appear in every aspect of the job, and so, they may not be able to deal with all of them as effectively as they could. Stress management training and continued support could help all the officers in the department."
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