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Refusal to Hire Ex-Offenders, 2006.
A discussion regarding the issue of businesses refusing to hire ex-offenders.
1,673 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the issue of refusing to hire based on criminal background checks. The paper examines various related issues, such as what types of positions usually cannot be held by someone with a criminal background and state and federal laws regarding hiring or refusal to hire based on criminal background checks. The paper focuses primarily on Maryland.
Outline:
Introduction
What About The Ex-Offenders Rights?
Maryland
For Instance
Federal Law
Overall
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Other states have attempted to strike a balance between the employer concerns and the ex offenders rights to live a free and productive life once they have paid their debt to society. In some states, including New York employers are required by law to consider various elements such as age, time passed and the circumstances of the offense in deciding whether or not to hire an ex offender."
"In a recent research report the conclusion was that Maryland employers consistently deny employment across the board to anyone with any criminal background including arrests that did not garner convictions. The report recommends that Maryland legislators adopt laws that will prohibit such broad brushed discrimination."
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Exclusionary Rule, 2007.
Description of exclusionary laws in the US Constitution which forbid certain types of evidence to be presented in court.
3,329 words (approx. 13.3 pages), 21 sources, APA, $ 95.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the role of the exclusionary rule in the US legal system. The writer first defines exclusionary rules as a set of guidelines which dictate that evidence and or admissions of guilt obtained illegally will be excluded from being heard in criminal trials. Next, historical controversies involving this set of rules are discussed. Also examined is the manner in which law enforcement is affected by the exclusionary rule. The author also considers the need to seek a balance between collecting evidence yet protecting the individual's Constitutional rights. Finally, the author proposes changes for the exclusionary rule, which may include compensation when rights are violated.
Outline
Introduction
Controversy and History of the Exclusionary Rule
Law Enforcement Effects
Protecting Good Faith Exemptions
Is it Time for Change?
References
From the Paper
"The exclusionary law or laws, more appropriately, then go on to provide a set of rules that dictate that evidence and or admissions of guilt obtained illegally will be excluded from being heard in criminal trials. What this quite often amounts to is that criminals who are guilty can go free, if the evidence needed to convict them is tainted in some manner, having been acquired illegally, with certain exceptions, though many argue the exceptions and rules are unclear and are in constant need of redress by the courts. (Chun 2000:799) (Holland 2000:1107)"
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Criminal Psychopathology, 2007.
Describes the methods and uses of criminal psychopathology in locating perpetrators of crimes.
2,056 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the elements and uses of criminal psychopathology in developing profiles to locate perpetrators of crimes. The author presents appropriate terminology and definitions throughout the paper. Two different types of criminals and their personality traits are examined. The paper further evaluates different methods of developing criminal profiles. The author concludes by calling for more research in this area, with special reference to the role of mental health professionals.
From the Paper
"The first approach in criminal profiling, diagnostic evaluation, adapts a psychotherapeutic theory on crime by the individual investigators (Muller 2000). This approach relies mainly on clinical judgment and the investigators' individual assumptions and assessment. The second approach, crime scene analysis, or CSA, was developed by the Behavioral Science Unit of the American Federal Bureau of Investigation or FBI. And the third, called investigative psychology, was evolved by British environmental psychologist, David Canter. The CSA is mostly applicable to serial murderers. Recently, the FBI broadly categorized offenders into disorganized and organized (Muller)."
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The Use of Tasers, 2007.
An argument against the use of Taser stun-guns by law enforcement agencies.
1,567 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that the main argument in favor of Tasers is that it is a non-lethal replacement for firearms and impact weapons such as batons and, hence, a more humane alternative for controlling violent individuals. The paper argues, however, that law enforcement agencies readily allow the use of Tasers in situations that would not even justify the use of batons or other impact weapons. The paper also asserts that Tasers cause severe pain and their touch stun function is designed to cause pain and debilitation. The paper claims there are an increasing number of deaths caused by the use of Tasers and contends that unchecked and increasing use of Tasers in law enforcement needs a serious review.
Outline:
Replacement of Lethal Weapons or a Routine Force Option?
Overuse
Causes Severe Pain
Stun Function Mode
Lethal Weapon
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The use of Tasers , dart-firing weapons designed to cause instant immobility by delivering a high voltage shock, has gained widespread use in recent times among the law enforcement agencies, particularly in the USA. Its supporters claim that they are a safer, non-lethal alternative to many conventional weapons in controlling dangerous or combative individuals and have resulted in bringing down the injuries to police officers and suspects since their introduction. A closer look at the pro-taser arguments, the use of the weapon by the law enforcers, and its effects, however, gives a contrary picture."
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Ted Bundy: A Lost Resource, 2007.
A discussion on how Ted Bundy's life story could have provided a fascinating and valuable resource for criminal and psychological studies today if he had been allowed to live.
1,979 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Ted Bundy, the man who violently stole the lives of more than forty women, does not easily fit into any compartment of criminal theory. An outwardly intelligent, responsible and gregarious person, Bundy's killing spree went unchecked over a period of years, because his personality and lifestyle did not fit with any previously established profile of a serial killer. It contends that Bundy, had he lived out his life in prison, may have provided the world with extraordinary insights into one of the most perplexing criminal minds in American history.
From the Paper
"In Dr. Charles Whitfield's 2004 book, The Truth About Mental Illness, he demonstrates a very strong link between mental illness and childhood trauma. Complex childhood post-traumatic stress syndrome is an area that is being explored in depth during this decade. However, during Bundy's incarceration, although childhood trauma was considered as a factor, it was not well understood. Born in Burlington, Vermont in 1946, Bundy was the illegitimate child of a woman whose family was so ashamed of his mother's unmarried status when she gave birth, that his grandparents claimed him as their own child. They led Ted and others to believe that his mother was his older sister. When he was thirteen, a cousin proved to Ted that his "older sister" was actually his mother. "
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Substance Abuse, 2006.
A discussion regarding the correlation between drug addiction and the tendency to commit crime.
3,477 words (approx. 13.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 98.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the high percentage of drug abuse amongst prison inmates. According to the paper, the United States Bureau of Prisons (BOP) developed a comprehensive substance abuse treatment program in 1989, in an attempt to alter both the criminal and substance abuse behaviors of inmates. This paper attempts to determine which treatment programs are most effective in treating inmates with substance abuse problems.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Purpose
Problem
Review of Literature
Juvenile Correction Facilities
Discussion of Relevant Issues
Analysis
Conclusion and Recommendation
From the Paper
"Indeed program retention is critical as it has been found to be a critical part of ensuring that treatment is effective. The authors explain that there is a positive correlation between long term outcomes and retention rates four both adults and adolescents. In their analysis Hser et al (2001) assessed the correlation between after treatment outcomes and program retention for adolescents in the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcomes Project. This assessment was conducted across a range of program types that were inclusive of short-term inpatient, residential, and outpatient drug-free (Hser et al 2001). The study found that longer stays in treatment (90 days or more) could be correlated with lower levels of substance abuse in addition to lower rates of arrest in the year following treatment. "
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Vicarious Liability, 2007.
This paper examines the concept of vicarious liability and its applications in law enforcement.
843 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that vicarious liability is a legal concept which refers to one party being held liable for the injury or damage sustained by another party, in spite of the fact that they had no active involvement in the incident. The paper clarifies that the intent behind vicarious liability is to hold the proper party accountable when harm is committed. The paper relates the history behind this concept and looks at a variety of situations in which a party, including contractors, parents and employers, may be charged with vicarious liability .
From the Paper
"Before there was law enforcement, local communities operated self-help systems to keep the peace and enforce contracts. Before the thirteenth century a common law arose that there existed an involuntary collective responsibility by the whole community for the actions committed by each member of the community. Later this was formalized into law as the Community Responsibility System. It was enforced because community reputation would be lost and retaliation by the injured party would be leveled against the community if compensation was not paid. Costly wars were fought over the acts of one person committing a crime against someone in another community, and this had to be avoided."
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Female Psychopathy - Offenders in Perspective, 2006.
An in-depth look at the female psychopath.
1,883 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses the female psychopath. The paper reports that according to studies, there are perhaps more than two million psychopaths in North American. This paper maintains that a lot more research is needed in order to better understand the profile of the female psychopath.
Outline:
Introduction
Thesis Statement
Summary (Literature Review)
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Without giving a specific breakdown of how many of the girls showed traits that matched the expected traits of psychopathic girls, the authors admit that this was only a beginning in a long series of research studies needed in the matter of determining the presence of psychopathy in girls' personalities. They stated that there were "notable differences" between the similarity and consistency when comparing Hale's model in adult males and the female responses. Five of the items in the sample which were found to be good "discriminators" in this sample ("conning/manipulative behavior"; "unstable interpersonal relationships"; "irresponsibility"; "juvenile delinquency" and "impersonal sexual behavior") did not match up with Hare's discriminators in adult females."
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Restorative Justice and Rape Victims, 2007.
An analysis of how restorative justice is used by rape victims to heal after the crime.
1,351 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of restorative justice with regards to rape victims. It gives a definition of restorative justice according to different groups and describes how this form of justice is meant to assist the victim. The paper discusses restorative justice in relation to past cases of rapes and how the victims and families dealt with the crime.
From the Paper
"Because Lucy's bones were part of the evidence, the family could not receive them until the case was ended, but Marian did see her sister's bones; "I gasped at the sight of her skull - it was so beautiful, like burnished gold..." Meanwhile in order to bring closure, Marian was advised by her Buddhist counselor about restorative justice, and she became involved in mediation for other rape victims. Marian told a group of incarcerated rapists that her sister had been gagged before being killed, and so she, Marian, wished to hear their truths. "One of the prisoners who had committed multiple rape said, '...Until you spoke I was just play at victim empathy,' and it clearly helped him to understand what he'd done." And moreover, Marian is planning to write a letter to one of the two persons (now in prison) responsible for the mass murders (and Lucy's murder). "Those who know her [the convicted co-murderer] have advised me that it is not yet time to suggest..." a meeting between the two. "Meanwhile, I am content to continue sending her compassion," Marian concluded."
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The Causes of Criminal Behavior, 2007.
An analysis of the factors influencing criminal behavior.
1,236 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how experts have blamed biological, psychological and social factors for the making of a criminal. The paper looks at the biological theory that certain individuals are predisposed to the commission of criminal acts as a result of their genetic make-up. The paper points out, however, that environmental conditions must still be present that induce criminal tendencies to manifest themselves. The paper also examines how individuals may be affected by psychological factors and social influences. The paper concludes that while biology may play a role, it is clear that criminals are made, not born.
From the Paper
"The perennial problem of crime has led to many theories on the origin of criminal behavior. Over the years, experts have blamed a range of factors: biological, psychological and social. Supporters of the biological explanation look for genetic attributes that can be associated with criminality. They seek either "criminal types" or specific genes that create a propensity for such personality attributes as violent behavior, amorality, mendacity, and so forth. Those who favor a psychological approach examine the ways in which an individual reacts to the life situations that he or she encounters. Perhaps the adult criminal was sexually abused as a child. He or she responded to this treatment by becoming violent and abusive toward others, venting his or her rage through criminal acts directed against persons who call to mind his original tormentors."
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Youth Crime in Canada, 2007.
This paper explores the media's role in the perception of juvenile crime in Canada.
1,541 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper presents a detailed examination of youth crime in Canada and how the media promotes fear in the way it presents the problem to the public. The paper describes how the media's focus on crime has created a moral panic throughout the country, in which people believe that juveniles are a dangerous threat to the safety of adults. The writer explores several academic journals on the topic and concludes that part of the nation's fear of juveniles with regard to crime is caused by the media's decision to over-cover crimes in which juveniles are involved.
Outline:
Introduction
The Trend
Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"For the past several years it has appeared that youth crime is on the rise throughout Canada. Whether it is an increase in truancy, shoplifting or more violent crimes including school shootings, the nation seems to be faced with a significant rise in the number of juvenile offenders willing to commit illegal acts(Gaetz, 2004). Recently, the Canadian legislators have moved toward increasing the punishments for juvenile offenders in the hopes that it will deter future young people from deciding on a life of crime, however, the media continues to report issues involving teens."
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Interrogating Juveniles without Parents, 2007.
An analysis of the ethical and legal ramifications of interrogating a minor without his/her parents present.
3,149 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the ethics and legality of interrogating juveniles without their parents being present, particularly if the juvenile has requested their presence. It discusses tactics used in interrogations in order to improve the chances of receiving a confession. It then discusses whether there are special Miranda rules for juveniles and the consequences of that. The paper ends by discussing any practical considerations that should be taken into account when dealing with juveniles.
Table of Contents:
Just the Facts
Case by Case
II. The Interrogation
Interrogation Points
Criminal Interrogation Ethics
To Tell the Truth
Juvenile Facts
III. The Presumption of Innocence
BARD
Just the Facts
No Question
Practical Considerations
From the Paper
"Geraghty & Drizin (1999) contend that Judges frequently fail to speak up and propose thoughtful solutions for the senseless injustices they see done to children on a daily basis. Some judges who are empathetic to the new juvenile justice draconian approaches fail to speak out as they support the "get tough" policies. Other judges fail do not verbalize counter thoughts as they are concerned they would inevitably become entangled with the political process and violate the Code of Judicial Conduct's prohibition and foster the impression they lack impartiality. This researcher posits that one daily injustice regularly practiced in the legal system is the interrogation of isolated juveniles."
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