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Emerging Standards of Care, 2008.
This paper explores cultural competence in health care.
2,005 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses seven mandates that collectively define the designation of culturally competent care. The paper explores the issue of cultural competence and shows how it does not involve merely language but must be applied on a sociocultural level too. The paper describes the need for direct in-house and trained institutional interpreters and for culturally diverse recruitment and hiring.
From the Paper
"A very responsive and positive current trend in health care is to establish systems that are much more open and receptive to cultural diversity and the particular needs of a culturally diverse regional and patient population. Culturally competent is the designation that is utilized to describe a health care facility (usually a hospital) that answers the needs of a diverse population through services and employee/volunteer training that recognizes cultural diversity assists cultural minority individuals through specific important access points, and services to achieve a better patient outcome, overall."
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Foreign Language Education, 2008.
A research proposal on foreign language learning programs at the post-secondary level and their retention levels.
5,096 words (approx. 20.4 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 128.95
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Abstract
The paper outlines research that will demonstrate the need to analyze existing data and formulate new research on foreign language retention, why it occurs on a post-secondary level and what obstacles contribute to increased or reduced retention in foreign language programs. The paper first reviews the literature and discusses the methodology to be used. The paper then shows that if the system becomes more open to communication style teaching through collaboration and other learning/teaching styles, and technology in learning is adaptive and appropriate, the post-secondary foreign language academy will likely improve retention and retain diversity. The paper highlights the need for mor research in this area of foreign language study in post-secondary systems.
Outline:
Introduction
Statement of Problem
Review of Literature
Methodology
Conclusion
From the Paper
"As the culture in which we live becomes increasingly diverse and highly focused on globalization, concepts of foreign language teaching and learning at all levels of education become much more important. (Gerwin & Osborn, 2002, p. 80) (Whitt, Edison, Pascarella, Terenzini & Nora, 2001, p. 172) Yet, statistics of enrolment and success in post-secondary foreign language education do not seem to play out this growing necessity. "In recent years, the language-instruction profession has seen alarming declines in enrollment in languages other than Spanish .... " (Moser, 2001, p. 3) Creating systems that promote retention of individuals in foreign language learning programs at the post-secondary level is therefore crucial to the development of educators and individuals who are fully prepared for a multi-lingual community and work environment."
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Pittsburgh, 2008.
This paper discusses the city of Pittsburgh and looks at its history, society and dialect.
3,288 words (approx. 13.2 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the city of Pittsburgh has long been known as a 'steel' tough city filled with a variety of individuals who are as rough and coarse as the city itself. The writer points out that this perception of Pittsburgh and its inhabitants began to change in the early 1980s with the decline of the steel production for which the city was famous. Pittsburgh, from the time of the Civil War until those early 1980s, was a city filled with steel mills and other factories whose sole purpose was to provide America and the world with the steel it needed to fuel unprecedented growth. The writer then looks at the dialect that developed in Pittsburgh. The writer discusses that with competition and a decline in the need for steel, Pittsburgh had to transform itself from a city of steel mills to a city that provides (primarily) services such as healthcare and medical expertise.
From the Paper
"Another important factor in this continued use of Pittsburghese is the media's use of the same words and pronunciations. Many of the immigrants were poor and uneducated and easily fell into the same patterns of language usage as those around them, both at work and at home. Many of them were unable to read, but importantly, they wanted more for their children and because of the available work, they were able to provide the children with the opportunity to become educated. Because the media continued to use the same phrases as they had used earlier, even the now educated offspring spoke in the same manner."
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| Term Paper # 107463 |
temporarily unavailable
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English in Hawaiian Schools, 2008.
Looks at the problem of Hawaiian Creole English (HCE) and standardized English (SE) in Hawaiian schools.
1,035 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in Hawaii, researchers have been able to follow speakers of Pidgin, Standard English (HE)and Hawaiian Creole English (SE) within the same community. The author points out that the use of HCE has caused significant concern within educational settings. The Hawaiian Board of Education mandated that SE must be the only method of communication between students and staff in all school settings because educators believed that HCE use was associated with low academic achievement, low socioeconomic status and a negative community stereotype. The paper stresses that, within Hawaiian society, it is reasonable to believe that SE is not superior to Hawaiian but rather a more logical choice in that SE is easier to understand by persons outside of the community and more effective in terms of intelligibility.
From the Paper
"Hawaiian students were to be encouraged to become primarily fluent in Standard English. This belief was that fluency and subsequent improvement in academic achievement would allow students greater opportunities in education and in life. Teachers were to encourage the speaking of SE in the classroom and model such speaking for their students. Because no provisions were made to support teachers and their students, the board's action essentially maintained the status quo."
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Language, 2008.
An analysis of the theories and uses of language in different societies.
1,284 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses language as a verbal communication code. The paper describes language as a labyrinthine set of variables governing the communication process. It looks at some of the theories of language and the areas of language that they focus on. The paper also discusses the different uses of language in different cultures from an anthropological point of view.
From the Paper
"As the primary means of social discourse, language is at once universal and parochial. Surviving without language would be akin to living off of berries and nuts; it is possible but not desirable. Human beings are social creatures and language is a staple of interpersonal relationships, the glue that holds friends, families, and societies together. Even individuals who cannot rely on verbal communication like the hearing impaired have languages. Their languages use gestures instead of words but they are still languages with components like vocabulary, structure, synonymy, and semantics. Taking language for granted is easy until we encounter those who cannot communicate. For instance, autistic individuals or persons with aphasia due to stroke become visibly frustrated from their inability to capitalize on language. Unable to feed off of the building block of human communication, being language impaired is like being malnourished. I seek, through a continual enrichment of my vocabulary and awareness of linguistic form and structure, to nourish myself with language."
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Speech Pathology and the Nervous System, 2008.
This paper discusses speech and language in adults with diseases of the central nervous system.
3,848 words (approx. 15.4 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 105.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that speech and language difficulties accompany a number of diseases of the central nervous system in adults. The writer points out that sometimes the speech difficulty might be the reason for seeking medical help, or it might be one of many factors that cause a person to seek medical attention. Speech difficulties might arise simultaneously with other symptoms, or they might arise at a different time. A myriad of problems fall under the category of speech and language difficulties. The writer discusses symptoms that range from slurred speech, slow speech and other problems that make it difficult to be understood to more serious difficulties, including a total loss of ability to speak at all. The writer looks at related causes, treatment and therapies. The writer maintains that regardless of the severity of the speech or language difficulty, or its cause, these problems make life difficult for patients and their caregivers.
Outline:
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Speech and Language Therapy in CNS Diseases
Role of the Speech Pathologist
Treatment
From the Paper
"Parkinson's Disease is a dysfunction of the neurotransmitters between the nerve cells. Parkinson's disease destroys brain cells, resulting in a shortage of dopamine. The first signs of Parkinson's are typically subtle, such as softer or slower speech. As the disease progresses, tremors begin, which eventually worsen until hey cause considerable difficulty performing everyday tasks. Treatments to replace dopamine can help to slow the disease.
"Brain injuries are typically not listed under the category of disease. However, they are included in this research because they can cause certain forms of neurological dysfunction that can have an effect of speech and language."
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Healthcare and Economics: A Comparison of Terminology, 2008.
Compares how the terms: "technology and quality" are used in the fields of healthcare and economics.
959 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper states that every discipline has its own vocabulary of jargon that assigns general terms like "technology" and "quality" its own specific, contextual definition, depending on the needs. The paper then relates that one of the difficulties of discussing how to improve healthcare may be that economists and healthcare providers speak a different language, or at least attach a series of different meanings to terms such as "technology" and "quality." The paper then reviews the differences between the meanings attached to the same word within different professional contexts in order to understand unspoken and unrecognized tensions.
From the Paper
"In economics, the benefits of technology are gauged not so much in terms of their benefits to the consumer (the recipient of the service) but to the producer. For example, an improvement in economics can enable a producer to produce the same amount of a good or service more cheaply, enabling him or her to make a greater profit off of the same items ("Supply determinants," 2008, Amosweb). This can make the life of the consumer better by allowing the consumer to buy more goods at a lower price, but not necessarily. The producer, if demand is high enough, may simply pocket the profit, pass the profit to shareholders, or invest it into research and development of new, profitable products. The aim of technology is to meet consumer desires better to increase profits, even if the technology is of questionable health or lifestyle benefit to the consumer."
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Family Literacy Programs, 2008.
A research paper that attempts to identify a family literacy program which assists English language students to develop their language skills.
9,389 words (approx. 37.6 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 193.95
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Abstract
This research paper discusses a study to identify best practices for the effective delivery of educational services to English literacy learning students using a family literacy program approach. The paper comments that the challenges of educating students who do not speak a societal language are enormous and that educating such students is not just a question of teaching English: It is rather a question of providing large numbers of students with access to the curriculum at the same time that they are learning English. The paper uses a five-chapter format to discuss questions related to the topic with the fifth chapter providing a summary of the research, salient conclusions and recommendations.
Outline:
Introduction
Review of Literature
Design of the Study
Summary And Recapitulation Of Main Themes
From the Paper
"The day when a third of America was plagued by apartheid is long gone of course, and "white-only" waiting rooms and drinking fountains are a nasty thing of the past. Today, a black man and a white woman are candidates for the presidency of the United States, and it is clear that although much remains to be done, much has been accomplished in the last five decades to advance the rights of women and African Americans. In fact, there may come a day when blacks and white find themselves at a distinct disadvantage because of shifting demographic patterns in the U.S., and sharing a common language and a common - albeit shameful in some cases -- legacy will bring them closer together in the face of these multicultural trends. Even together, though, blacks and whites may be faced with a new United States in the mid-20th century where Spanish is the predominate language in a majority of the states of the union, and they will be seeking out family literacy programs to help them survive in this new environment just as ELL learners are doing today. Given these trends, it is clearly in the best interests of an increasingly polyglot nation to ensure that everyone can communicate, and the English-only initiatives springing up across the country will not solve the problem. What is needed is a more informed view of the problem by mainstream Americans, particularly since they or their children may well find themselves in the ELL predicament sooner than they might think. All in all, family literacy programs were shown to just be good business. These programs provide an enormous return on their investment, and because the investment is in the nation's future, they are also the right thing to do today to help ensure the viability of a different America in the coming years."
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Rhetoric, 2008.
This paper provides a review of the concept of rhetoric.
2,383 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that rhetoric has come to mean the spoken word, in particular those words spoken by politicians. The writer then discusses that a review of the history of rhetoric reveals that rhetoric is quite different from popular definitions. This paper reviews and critiques what classical scholars and philosophers like Cicero, Plato and Aristotle believed about rhetoric. Their view that rhetoric, ethics and philosophy are interrelated is also presented in this paper, along with the New Rhetoric and instructions on how to properly engage in formal communication, which is also an important aspect of rhetoric.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
From the Paper
"The bigger picture of rhetoric is nothing like the political polemics that play out during campaigns for president. Rhetoric is speaking and writing, hopefully intelligent dialogue or speech making and worthy written narrative. Rhetoric is also a way of healing what hurts inside the heart and the spirit.
"To wit, Payne's points are appropriate because everyone on the planet, no matter what language they speak, no matter the culture or continent, can understand failure. What many individuals do not understand, however, is how to use rhetoric effectively to dig out of the hole created by the failure."
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Bilingualism, 2008.
This paper looks at the concept of bilingualism and what it means for the U.S. and its citizens.
942 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the entire world is undergoing a major change with the increase in globalization and becoming a flat enterprise. The writer also discusses that it will be pertinent for future generations to know more than one language to succeed in their careers, regardless of what these occupations may be. In addition, the writer maintains that the U.S. is far behind other countries in terms of knowing other languages. The writer concludes that for the U.S. to remain a successful economically competitive country, it will have to promote more language acquisition among children.
From the Paper
"Over the years, as scholars attempted to define bilingualism, different theories were suggested. For example, in order to conceptualize linguistic organization in bilinguals, in 1953 Weinreich made a distinction between compound and coordinate bilingualism. The compound bilingual had one semantic system and two language codes, and the coordinate bilingual had two semantic systems, and two language codes. Compound bilinguals acquire their languages in a joint context and are thought to store linguistic information interdependently. Coordinates instead acquire their languages in separate contexts and are considered to maintain independent linguistic stores. However, this concept was later negated, because semantic systems often overlap and actually sometimes converge. Today, people do not see the difference so much as distinct semantic systems as they do separate cultures."
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The 'Alchemist' and Duality, 2008.
This paper discusses the theme of duality in the play the 'Alchemist' by Ben Jonson.
2,883 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that duality in literature and drama is a common theme suggesting various relationships between people, attributes, character traits, and also suggesting the larger dictum that things are not always what they seem. The writer discusses that the 'Alchemist' is a comedy written in verse and that two of the central themes in this play are inherently shaped around ideas of duality. The first of these themes is that of illusion versus reality, again a common theme in drama and one that includes duality as how things appear is not how they truly are. This theme also shows the tendency people have to see what they want to see and to fail to perceive the true nature of people and things in this world. A second theme in this play is transformation, clearly a term related to the idea of an alchemist, who had as his primary goal changing base metals into gold, an idea that was an illusion in itself. The writer notes that in the 'Alchemist' this idea involved a deliberate duality as even the concept of alchemy itself becomes the subject of and means to a swindle, a deliberate illusion to mask the true intent of the perpetrator.
From the Paper
"The names of the characters have a duality all their own as they tend to be fitting to the real character while the character him or herself seeks to hide that fact. The three conspirators are Subtle, Face, and Dol Common, and the use of the word "subtle" in particular suggests deception. Their primary target is Sir Epicure Mammon, a man whose name represents two of the seven deadly sins, gluttony and greed. The house where the conspirators create their illusion is owned by a man named Lovewit, also suggestive of one who knows a deception is taking place and who enjoys the game of it, though in fact he has left London to escape the plague. The conspirators want to be all things to all people, so long as this will give them an advantage and enable them to fleece those who visit them. Mammon is attracted by their promise of the Philosopher's stone, a legendary artifact that can turn base metals into gold and that is the object of all alchemical inquiry. Kastril is attracted by the promise of a charm so he can win at cards. Drugger the tobacconist wants his shop cleansed of impurities and supernatural threats. The duality of the three conspirators is matched by that of Pertinax Surly, the man who sees through their deceptions and who uses a disguise of his own to investigate."
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