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Language as a Product of Class, Race, and Ethnicity, 2004.
Looks at the prejudices and presumptions about one's background associated with particular dialects or speech patterns.
1,258 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper talks about the effects that race, class, and ethnicity have on the development of one's language and speech patterns. It looks at how speech, dialects, intonation, and even vocabulary, change within different regions and how this causes people to make quick judgements regarding anyone speaking with certain accents, vocabulary etc. In particular, the paper focuses on the prejudices associated with a "black-sounding" voice and the consequences of these prejudices.
From the Paper
"A very old saying tells us not to judge a book by its cover. Presumably this bit of advice also applies to the way an individual speaks or sounds. Yet, in the same way as we form an opinion of a book simply by glancing at the picture on its cover, so too do we prejudge individuals by the manner in which they speak and express themselves. There is educated speech and upper-crust speech. There is literate speech and ignorant speech. Middle Class, Working Class, and Lower Class Speech. People from different regions or cities pronounce the same language in different ways, and use different accents and intonations. Different races and different ethnic groups within a dialect region have their own distinctive ways of rendering the spoken word. We answer the phone, and in an instant we know where the caller is from, what is his educational background, his socio-economic status, and even?whether his Black, White, Puerto Rican, or Chinese."
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Conflict Negotiation Strategies, 2003.
Examines effects of cross-cultural communication.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 10 sources, $ 55.95
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Abstract
Discusses differences in conflict negotiation strategies and how they vary according to different dimensions of culture, including individualistic versus collectivist, masculinity versus femininity, and cultural time orientation.
From the Paper
"The purpose of the present study was to examine, via a qualitative review of relevant scholarly literature, coupled with an analysis of data obtained from popular press
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Language Disabilities, 2003.
Discusses the importance of language to child development.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 19 sources, $ 47.95
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Abstract
Examines the classification of language disabilities under problems relating to oral communication. Discusses symptom patterns and the multiple causes, which range from unknown cause to autism, mental retardation, cerebral palsy, and hearing loss.
From the Paper
"Language, as a symbolic tool and coping strategy, is an important factor of any child's overall development, and its acquisition by children has been studied by many researchers. There are many different theories of how language is acquired..."
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Reading and Writing, 2003.
Examines the connections between the spoken and written language.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 16 sources, $ 119.95
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Abstract
This paper recommends an integrated approach to the development of the key skills of reading and writing in order to challenge and motivate students. Discusses the act of engaged reading and content area courses.
From the Paper
"The relationship between reading and writing is seen as one of great intimacy. The connections between spoken and written language are well established in that spoken language provides the ..."
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Phonological Awareness (PA), 2003.
Examines acquisition of the sound structure of language.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 8 sources, $ 55.95
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Abstract
Discusses general trends, individual variability in children's phonological development, PA as a precursor to literacy, both reading and writing, and the Reading Recovery Program.
From the Paper
"Phonological Awareness: A Precursor to Literacy
Phonological awareness (PA) is defined by Cupples and Iacono (2000) as the ability to focus consciously on the sound structure of language. It is assessed in tasks that involve the manipulation of the ..."
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Language Use, 2003.
Discusses the difference between prescriptive and descriptive language.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 31.95
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Abstract
Discusses how words are used, the emphasis on grammar, not acceptance of new words. Looks at Simon Winchester's account of how the "Oxford English Dictionary" (OED) came into being. Discusses Samuel Johnson's dictionary.
From the Paper
"This research takes the form of an informative essay on the subject of the distinction between prescriptive and descriptive language use. The topic of research was chosen based on Winchester's account of how the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) came into ..."
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The English Language in Hong Kong, 2003.
Studies English language usage in Hong Kong.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, $ 55.95
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Abstract
Discusses Chinese and English as official co-languages, Hong Kong's trilingual and biliterate population, pre-colonial Hong Kong and the development of "Pidgin" English, and Britain's goals in colonial Hong Kong.
From the Paper
"In 1990, Hong Kong was selected as one of the 15 centers around the world to have its English language studied. As explained on its cultural website, The International Corpus of English (ICE) explains..."
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Sign Language, 2003.
Discusses the development of sign language competency and communication skills in children.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 8 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
Presents conflicting approaches to education of deaf children or children with vocal language impairments. Discusses educational philosophy and American Sign Language (ASL).
From the Paper
"While sign languages are generally regarded as languages that are most useful for individuals with hearing or verbal communication impairments, research suggests that such languages are also useful in other contexts ..."
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Phonology, 2003.
Examines communication difficulties in young children.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, $ 39.95
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Abstract
Discusses disorders of expressive phonology (the speech-sound system), identifies key aspects of assessment of clinical intervention targeting children with phonological deficits, and the identification of children with speech problems.
From the Paper
"Disorders of expressive phonology (i.e., disorders of the speech-sound system) have been identified by Lewis, Freebairn, and Taylor (2000) as the most prevalent communication difficulty observed in young children. "
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Cleft Palate, 2003.
Discusses phonological and communicative disorders.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 10 sources, $ 63.95
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Abstract
Describes the birth defect known as cleft palate, the problem it presents, and its treatment. Discusses difficulties experienced by infants born with cleft lips or palates, reconstructive surgery, and orthodontic surgery.
From the Paper
'A cleft is a birth defect that occurs when the tissues of the lip and/or palate of a fetus do not properly fuse early in the pregnancy. A cleft palate, in which the roof of the mouth abnormally opens into the floor...'
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Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, 2002.
A discussion of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, an influential theory of anthropolgy and linguistics.
2,553 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper begins by explaining that the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is one of the most interesting and influential theories in the field of linguistics and anthropology. The idea that language actually forced people to think in different ways is both fascinating and controversial. The paper shows the ways that this hypothesis opens our understanding of the link between culture and knowledge. The paper includes direct quotes from the hypothesis which it then explains and expands upon.
From the Paper
"The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis ?postulated that language not only provided a means of communication but also shaped peoples? perceptions of the world? (McGee and Warms 2000: 370). The hypothesis drew heavily from the ideas and techniques used by linguists, with the methodological concepts developed by the Prague School of Linguistics in the 1920?s providing valuable insights into the importance of understanding the conceptual frameworks formed by, and expressed through, the native language (McGee and Warms 2000: 369). The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis was the most influential anthropological adaptation of these linguistic principles, the hypothesis having an enormous impact on anthropology providing a methodological framework emphasising cultural and linguistic relativity, and influencing several schools of anthropological thought."
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Brain?s Cognition of Language, Space, and Face, 2002.
A brief paper examining the brain's functioning.
812 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper asks how the brain processes language, space, and faces; and how do the structures of the brain faculties that handle these processes compare and contrast.
From the Paper
"Language is handled by a very intricate and involved system that takes up a large portion of the brain?s resources. Incoming language is fed through a linear processing pathway of three parts. First, it enters the sound processor. Linguistic qualities of the sounds are identified such as voicing, velar pronunciation, and accents. The resulting output is then given to the string-maker. This function eliminates uninterpretable sounds and constructs understandable words and phrases out of the ?annotated? sounds. Lastly, the interpretation function completes the final understanding of the language spoken. This process of sequential functions achieves the final interpretation."
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