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Running, 2004.
Discussion regarding the positive effects of a regular running program.
1,668 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the beneficial aspects of running on the cardiovascular and nervous systems. It does so by first looking at the different types of running and then by explaining the biomechanics of running.
From the Paper
"From a sports professional point of view running is of three different types namely sprinting, middle distance and long distance or (marathon). Sprinting events are those races that are up to 400m. During the sprinting activity the muscles? metabolic pathways supply the required energy at a rate which is several times higher than the regular aerobic systems. This is verified by the decrease in PCr (phosphocreatine) by 67%, muscle glycogen by around 32% and ATP by 28%. Furthermore anaerobic glycolysis increases muscle lactate level by 20 fold. For sprinting, the thrust during the propelling period is very important and sports scientists have reported that the maximum force that a muscle can generate is directly proportional to its cross sectional area. This implies that good Sprinters usually are more muscular compared to marathon racers. For middle distance and marathon running the oxidative systems are the chief energy suppliers and there is a predominance of slow twitch muscle fibres."
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Italy?s Serie A Football Team, 2004.
A history and overview of Italy?s Serie A football team.
7,419 words (approx. 29.7 pages), 30 sources, MLA, $ 163.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the Italian Football League, or ?Lega Calcio?, dates back to 1946 and describes what comprises the teams of Serie A in Italian football. It identifies the business drivers for the sport, the characteristics of the teams, the motivation of sponsors, and the formula for revenue. It also looks at how the business model has changed over time from a customer-centered model to a shareholder-driven one and how nowhere was this more evident than during the postponement of the 2002-2003 season because of pay-per-view contract issues.
Outline
Italy?s Serie A Football League: A Brief History
Italian Serie A and B
The Business of Football
Sponsorship
Shirt Sponsorships
Player Contracts
Wages
Revenues
Conclusion
Bibliography
Appendix A ? Sports Classifications
From the Paper
"With the advent of television, a venue for was created for pro football players to showcase commercial products. In 1951 Stanley Matthews (the first pro football player to be knighted) received ?20 a week from CWS (Co operative society) for sporting football boots. At this time, however, most players were tied to their clubs, bound to a maximum wage and abiding by the retain-and-transfer contract system, necessitating that they keep their ?day? jobs. When England hosted the World Cup Finals in 1966, the ceiling for the maximum wage was lifted. It was at this time a mascot entered the fray, the tournament was effectively ?branded?, and the first superstar, George Best was born. (Critcher, 1991) An official song was created for the tournament, replica ?World Cup Willy? Lions were sold, and approximately 400 million people world wide watched the TV coverage."
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Mexico City: 2012 Olympics, 2002.
Overview of Mexico City's and Mexico's economic condition and how the economic conditions make Mexico City a viable choice for the 2012 Olympic Games.
1,438 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes a report, prepared by Mexico City's Olympic Economics Committee, that was written with the intention of showing that Mexico City should indeed be a candidate to host the 2012 Summer Olympic Games. The paper presents evidence of Mexico City's robust and growing economy by looking at such economic factors as GDP, jobs and industries, economic outlook, and the Olympic budget.
Economic Overview
GDP
What are primary jobs and industries?
How developed is Mexico City?
What about available workers, total population, etc.?
Currency
Economic Outlook
Infrastructure
Olympic Budget
Benefits for Mexico City
From the Paper
"Mexico City has come a long way from its colonial economy that was based mostly on mining, particularly silver. Today it boasts an economy that is diverse. The economy today includes strong agriculture, petroleum and industry sectors. With this diversification, Mexico City is not only the largest city in the world, with approximately 20 million inhabitants, but the city is considered the second strongest economy in all of Latin America (Mexico: Mexico City)."
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Sports Management, 2002.
Looks at the different types of careers and opportunities available in sports management.
1,000 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper is a positive assessment of sports management as a career choice. It outlines and describes the career opportunities available in the field of sports management, the education, training, and skills required, job prospects, and potential salaries.
From the Paper
"I am determined to pursue a sports related career preferably in sports management. The reason for my decision is my love for sports in general and Ice hockey in particular. I know that a career in sports cannot be just taken for granted because of the intense competition in the field that is fueled by the desire in countless other young people to enter a similar career path. The reason for such a trend is not hard to find: there is an in-born desire in a majority of young people to play and enjoy sports. With professional sports having achieved the status of a burgeoning industry, there are several sports-related jobs that can be adopted as full time careers these days and there is nothing more satisfying than doing the thing that we love for a living. In this essay I shall describe the different occupations that are included in sports management, the education, training and skills required for the profession, job prospects in the field and the kind of salary one can expect in sports management."
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Women's Participation in Sports, 2002.
Reviews four articles concerning the gradual increase of women performing and participating in exercise and sports activities.
1,361 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes and discusses four articles written about the increasing trend towards active performance of women in the world of sports. An emphasis is placed on the sociological issues and health concerns surrounding this trend. The articles reviewed discuss the positive psychological and physiological benefits derived from a women's active participation in sports. They also discuss the detrimental effects women may experience from excessive physical activity and the social barriers women often encounter in the athletic arena.
From the Paper
"While the Women?s Sports Foundation article (discussed earlier) had outlined the sociological, psychological, and physical benefits of engaging in sports, two articles regarding women?s physical health in sports discuss the problems that women face nowadays in order to be physically fit and attain their ideal ?body figure/form,? which is the thin figure. The first article, entitled, ?Women?s Health and Sports,? is a research study by Drs. Stephen and Amelia Pribut, wherein the different physical problems that commonly afflict women as a result of sports and exercise participation are discussed. It cited the famous ?Female Athlete Triad,? which is a tripartite ?relationship of three (3) health problems? common among female athletes. This topic is also discussed in the second article, entitled, ?The Female Athlete Triad? (Women?s Sports Foundation 2001). These three common health problems are eating disorders, amenorrhea (loss of monthly period), and osteoporosis (bone loss)."
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The Life and Career of Todd McFarlane, 2002.
Looks at the background and successful career of businessman and comic book, artist Todd McFarlane.
1,421 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the background and early life of comic book artist, entertainer, publisher, and successful businessman, Todd McFarlane. The paper explores the reasons behind his phenomenal success and the motivations that drove him to get where he is now. Also discussed are his accomplishments and how they have impacted our lives.
From the Paper
"Meanwhile Todd continued to draw comic book characters and was determined to find a job in the industry. After countless rejections, he got his first break when Marvel/ Epic comics offered him a job in March 1984. From there onwards Todd continued to develop as a comic book artist and eventually became the number # artist at Marvel. His innovative penciling and covers for the Amazing Spider Man made it the number one title at Marvel Comics. Recognizing his talents, the company eventually gave him the opportunity to write, pencil and ink his own title?Spider Man. Todd had always had a passion for producing high-quality products. When given an opportunity to display his talents, he availed it with both hands and proceeded to produce the first copy of the Spider Man that hit the stands September 1990. It was an immediate hit and became the best-selling comic book of all times?selling 2.5 million copies."
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Drugs and Sports, 2002.
This paper reviews the history and problems of drugs and alcohol by participants in sports, including golf.
1,985 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses that drug use by athletes has been a problem from the Olympic Games of 668 BC to present time. The author reviews problems of alcohol use by professional golfers. The paper concludes that not all athletes may take drugs, but the author assures that the majority has considered it in order to get an edge.
From the Paper
"Not surprisingly, many common medicines contain banned drugs or substances so an athlete would have to be responsible for checking with a doctor or coach prior to taking anything. But many athletes know they are taking enhancers. They take the substances because they feel they need a boost to enhance their athletic prowess. But, unlike dried figs, the performance enhancing substances can lead to many severe side effects and even death."
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Wrestling, 2002.
An introduction, discussion, and analysis of professional wrestling in America today and its effect on children.
1,965 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses the question: Does pro-wrestling cause violence in children? The paper presents both sides of the debate and cites sources and legal cases that support the arguments. A conclusion is drawn that finds that most of the evidence, although still debatable, indicates an increase in violent behavior in children who watch professional wrestling.
From the Paper
"While many educators and parents seem to think watching televised wrestling matches creates more violence in their children, many others find their children are mature enough to recognize the difference between the reality of violence and the fantasy portrayed during wrestling matches. Michael Cunningham, a professor and father of two young sons said, "'Some young people are able to recognize the distinction between entertainment in wrestling and what is permissible behavior in specific locations and real life'" (Billups 2). Children have more sense than we often give them credit for, and most understand that violence is society is unacceptable, while violence in a controlled setting, such as a wrestling ring, is quite another thing."
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Modern-Day Olympics, 2002.
This paper examines the modern Olympics from 1896 to 1936.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the founder of the games and the reason he wanted to start the games again. It explains the ways in which politics have been involved in the Olympic Games. The paper also focuses on the diversity of the athletes and the nations that they represent. In addition, it discusses the sports that were included and the technologies that were used. Finally, the writer discusses how the early participants were selected and the manner in which the games have affected us socially.
From the Paper
"The modern Olympics have become an event that encompasses the idea of sportsmanship and unanimity among athletes from nations around the world. Since the inception of the modern Olympics we have seen people from diverse nations and backgrounds come together in competition. The Olympics are indeed an event that athletes and sports fans around the world have come to enjoy and celebrate."
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Corporate Responsibility, 2002.
An essay on the need for corporate responsibility, for both non-profit and general corporations.
2,411 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper examines why a high standard of ethical behavior is just as important for non-profit corporations as it is for for-profit corporations. The paper makes special reference to the recent problems with the United States Olympic Committee, which demonstrated that even non-profit organizations are subject to corporate failure and need to be monitored and regulated. The paper suggests that a responsible organization will in fact benefit from its own proper actions, as well as ultimately benefiting the wider business and social community.
From the Paper
"To take up the moral objections first, one can argue that corporate social responsibility must be practiced because it is the right thing to do. A business executive should never find himself or herself asking the question: ?If I conduct my business in an unethical way, how much more money will I make?? Rather, each individual must determine how much gain is reasonable and, having decided this, match those expectations of financial gain with a business that can be carried out in a responsible and moral fashion (www.business-ethics.org). This is true rather one is raising money for a charity or trying to make a profit."
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The Birth of the Super Bowl, 2002.
Looks at the history and creation of the Super Bowl.
1,637 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper recounts the beginnings of the Super Bowl by first looking at the creation of the AFL. It looks at the role television had in the success of the Super Bowl and the tremendous amounts of money spent by both leagues which encouraged fans to pick sides. The continued success of the Super Bowl and some of the factors that contribute to its success (half time shows, commercial airtime) are also discussed.
From the Paper
"By 1968, the year of Super Bowl I, America accounted for over 78million households with televisions (out of a worldwide 200million) and its popularity was ever increasing. At this point, television shows that are now steady re-runs on Nick at Nite, were entertaining Americans as they lived their ?American Dream?. Televised football games were highly popular (much like today) and were a ready source of commercial income for broadcast stations and football franchises. Television programs and commercials were defining what Americans should buy, eat and live by. It was a viable force then as it is now."
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Sponsorship, 2002.
Discusses the sponsorship strategies of the two soft drink giants, Coca-Cola and Pepsi.
2,501 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
The paper shows that it comes as no surprise that in the run up to (as well as during) the World Cup in 2002, Pepsi was found exhibiting very aggressive promotional behavior. Its approach was an unapologetic attempt to blunt the effect of the Coca-Cola marketing plan in Japan and South Korea. For this reason, it proves an interesting, individual study (for section one of this paper) in the use of ?ambush marketing? through sponsorship agreement. However, the cola wars have been going on for some time now, and this particular event was but one small battle in the greater struggle for soft-drink-dominance. So, in addition to an appraisal of the problems encountered by the two firms during the 2002 World Cup, this paper also shows how the issue goes back a long way. Sponsorship, after all, has been and still is vital to both company's marketing strategies.
From the Paper
"In contrast to this official sponsorship, Pepsi was forced to adopt a more indirect approach to maintaining and upholding the recognition of its brand name. They were not able to hang banners within the stadiums and receive television coverage that way so they "ran advertisements featuring a David Beckham [well-known UK soccer player] led soccer team competing against a soccer team of Japanese Sumo wrestlers." ("World Cup," 2002). Also, before the World Cup had even begun, advertisements in Argentina were run "featuring top international soccer players under a banner that read 'Tokyo 2002.'" The goal of this was to imply that Pepsi had some kind of a sponsorship with the 2002 World Cup to be held later in the year in Japan (Bikoff & Jones, 2002). Further attempts using television commercials by Pepsi were found in Ecuador and even the United States."
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