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Retirement Plans, 2002.
An in-depth look at three types of retirement plans to see which provides a person with better coverage in later years.
12,194 words (approx. 48.8 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 235.95
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Abstract
Almost one-third of American workers are failing to prepare themselves for a comfortable retirement, according to a new survey conducted by American Express. Lack of knowledge and expertise causes many Americans to make poor choices regarding their retirement options.
The paper shows that saving for retirement is a major challenge for millions of Americans today. With an abundance of retirement options, including tax-deferred retirement plans, 401(k)s and IRAs, investors are often confused about which option will make the most of their savings dollars. This paper provides a review of the fundamental of these powerful retirement options in an effort to provide future retirees with the information needed to start investing in their futures. The study examines three major retirement options?Social Security, 401 (k) plans and IRA Accounts?in an effort to determine whether one type of option is superior over another. This research is based on existing literature, collected from a variety of sources, as well as empirical research derived from the opinions of financial professionals. Basically, this paper reveals whether or not there is a single best retirement option or if different people require different types of investment.
The paper includes tables, graphs and illustrations.
Table of Contents
Chapter One?Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Scope of the Study
Rationale of the Study
Definition of Terms
Overview of the Study
Chapter Two?Literature Review
Introduction
All About Social Security
About 401 (k) Plans
How a 401(k) Plan Works
About 401(k) Plans
Advantages of 401 (k) Plans
Maximizing the Potential of a 401 (k) Plan
About IRAs
The Benefits of an IRA
IRAs in a Nutshell
The Traditional IRA
The Roth IRA
Chapter Three?Methodology
Approach to Study
Data Gathering Method
Database of Study
Validity of Data
Originality and Limitations of Study
Chapter Four?Data Analysis
Chapter Five?Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper
"Because Social Security provides benefits to millions of Americans, it is often perceived as a like a simple retirement savings account (National Center for Policy Analysis, 2003). Many believe that if they simply contribute through payroll deductions, they will get that money back at retirement. However, Social Security is a complex social program rather than a retirement plan. By design, Social Security involves massive subsidies from retirees, from single workers to married couples, from two-earner couples to one-earner couples, from high-income earners to low, and from those who die early to those who die late."
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Medicare, 2002.
An overview of this main source of healthcare for the elderly.
2,859 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper details how the American healthcare system, Medicare, plays an important role in the protection of the elderly. The paper shows the flaws in Medicare's system but argues that its goals to meet the health needs of all America's elderly are being attempted to be met. The paper discusses how Medicare is discarding its original plans and striving to meet the challenges of today's rising costs and changing populations. The paper also looks at the impact of managed care, the similarities between Medicare and Medicaid and the future of Medicare.
From the Paper
"One way that Medicare is thinking of cutting costs is by shifting the risk of cost increases to beneficiaries. This is used to stimulate competition and to also change the way that Medicare services are organized. Allegedly, it would deliver the same high level of care but at a lower cost. The two main options for this service are offering vouchers for beneficiaries so that they can purchase the care of their choice, and requiring that beneficiaries enroll in managed care plans. These could potentially be combined with each other, or they may be treated as separate approaches. There are, naturally, both right and wrong ways to reform the Medicare system, and even the definition of right and wrong can vary, depending on who is being asked the question".
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Healthcare Facility, 2002.
Discusses the strategic management of a healthcare facility in St. Louis.
1,436 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
Due to changing socio-demographics, the demand for health care and advanced medical technologies is growing consistently in St. Louis, with a concomitant rise in health expenditure. This paper introduces the strategic management of a healthcare facility in St. Louis, based on the micro and macro analysis of demography and economics.
From the Paper
"Medicaid and Medicare were implemented in 1965 to provide health and custodial care for people who could not afford it themselves. As Medicaid pays for half of the nursing home expenditures these costs have been rising steadily with the changing demography, and longer life expectancy.[Author not available, 1997] A growing population and rising cost of health facilities has added to the Medicaid expenditure.[Author not available, 1997]
Insurance seems to be a better alternative for providing nursing home care as a vast majority of people over 65 years will not require nursing home care, and the duration of stay for the remainder will likely be short, only 9% remaining more than 5 years.[Author not available, 1997] But expensive premiums, less incentive to purchase insurance due to the availability of Medicaid and desire to remain with family and thus transferring funds to other individuals that could have been used for insurance used on long term nursing care, keeps the burden on Medicaid.[Author not available, 1997]"
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Terminal Dehydration, 2002.
This paper reviews the article ?Voluntary Death: A Comparison of Terminal Dehydration and Physician-Assisted Suicide? by Franklin G. Miller and Diane E. Meier.
940 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper presents the pro?s and con?s of terminal dehydration, the total withdrawal of food, water and treatment methods from the patient that hastens his death. The author points out that terminal dehydration may prove to be a stressful and excruciating experience for the patient as well as the caregivers because death by terminal dehydration can take as much as 3 to 4 weeks and is crueler than physician-assisted suicide. The author believes that whatever the reasoning we still cannot justify terminal dehydration or any other form of foregoing life as an acceptable clinical practice and stresses the importance of palliative care based on love and a sense of collective responsibility of taking care of the incapacitated elders.
From the Paper
"Since it is within the legitimate rights of the patient to either refuse or accept treatment, terminal dehydration is legally admissible. Hence, there are no real legal conflicts or controversies involved in terminal dehydration. On the other hand, it is a breach of the fundamental rights of the patient and a compromise on his autonomy to coerce him to undergo painful, restrictive and intrusive treatment methods. However, we have to understand that the absence of legal restrictions does not suggest an automatic approval of terminal dehydration as an acceptable clinical practice. In other words, terminal dehydration is not absolved of the ethical and moral controversies which surround other active forms of euthanasia."
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Women and Retirement, 2002.
Examines the growing fiscal health problem many women face upon retirement.
3,775 words (approx. 15.1 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 103.95
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Abstract
Recent reports highlight how the gender gap in wages affects women's retirement as well. According to a report from the Women's Institute for a Secure Retirement (WISER), older women are twice as likely as men to be poor after retiring. Compared to their male counterparts, older women have to make do with less Social Security benefits, fewer and smaller pensions and less individual savings. This paper examines the growing fiscal health problem many women face upon retirement. Instead of having a nest egg to live upon, many women face the real possibility of poverty, even after retiring from a lifetime of hard work.
The first part of the paper presents a general picture of the fiscal resources available to and problems faced by women upon their retirement. In addition to this general picture, the paper pays special attention to the problems faced by minorities like Hispanic and African-American women. The next part of the paper looks at the factors behind these problems, such as divorce, widowhood and women?s care- giving duties. The main factor behind many women?s inability to save for retirement, however, remains the gender gap that continues to plague much of the working world. The third part of the paper thus explores the effects of gender on the pay scales of men and women across disparate fields, from academia to management to blue-collar operations. It also looks at how these unequal pay scales continue, despite legislation that mandates equity in pay. The fourth part of the paper examines the link between the gender gap in wages to the phenomenon of women?s poverty upon retirement. It shows how pay inequity means that women work more, earn less and as a result, often have less money for their retirement. Finally, the paper looks at the steps women can take to address these issues and prepare for their retirement.
From the Paper
"In a study of wage differentials across the service professions, Margaret Gibelman found that the median salary for both sexes is higher in service occupations that are predominantly male, such as construction and surveying. Conversely, the mean wages for both sexes is significantly lower in occupations where women comprise more than 75 percent of the workforce, such as nursing and receptionists (Gibelman). Gibelman?s study implies that women suffer from two forms of discrimination in the service and sales industries. First is discrimination on an individual level, where women get paid less than their male counterparts for the same work. Second, there is a marked discrimination against occupations that have a large female employee base and could therefore be labeled as ?women?s occupations.? It is difficult to make comparisons between occupations like cashiers, 90 percent of whom are women, and janitors, 70 percent of whom are men. However, the fact remains that even male-dominated professions that utilize unskilled labor generally still command higher median incomes."
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Depression in Old-Age, 2002.
Discusses the myth that most elderly individuals suffer from depression, disillusionment and lack of well-being.
1,588 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
While it is true that a greater proportion of individuals in nursing homes have depression than the general population, the majority of these individuals are over 80 and experience chronic illness and pain. In addition, many of them have lost their loved ones and are alone most of the day. This paper discusses the factors which lead to the popular belief that depression and lack of well-being affect anybody over the age of 65. Some of the factors discussed include media attention on the negative aspects of aging, the focus on youth and beauty and general stereotyping. The paper also looks at several studies done on the myth about a clear-cut link between growing old and losing one?s sense of well-being. The paper concludes that depression and despondency are not preset characteristics of all aging individuals. Rather, they are symptoms of other problems such as boredom, economic or social disadvantage or chronic illness.
From the Paper
"Lucille B. Bearon, Ph.D. recommends that a two-tiered approach to defining successful aging (one for healthy older adults and one for the frail) more accurately fits the realities of aging. As the older population increases in diversity, the concept of successful aging may become even more difficult to define without expanding the number of models. One solution may be to return to an earlier theme that successful aging is in the eye of the beholder. In this case, successful aging is measured by indicators of subjective well-being such as life satisfaction, happiness, morale, perceived quality of life or other related measures of negativity such as depression, anxiety, etc."
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Employee Retention, 2002.
Examines the problem of employee retention in a long-term care facility.
5,133 words (approx. 20.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 128.95
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Abstract
Using the example of Silver Falls Long-Term Care Facility, the paper discusses what can be done to reduce the alarming statistic for the annual turnover of nursing aides which is above 100%. The paper examines the facility and its management staff and gives an overview of the job description of a nursing aide. The paper then details some of the reasons for the high turnover percentage, including lack of mental stimulation, long hours, low pay and personal conflicts within the work-place. Finally, the paper offers solutions for this problem such as benefit packages, tuition reimbursement plans and higher wages.
From the Paper
"Onsite training both helps and hurts the retention in the facility, as we are not allowed to require nursing assistants to work for us for any amount of time based on the completion of the course work. For this, reason our facility as well as the other facilities. are often seen as a first step into the industry rather than a place to continue employment. Yet, the benefits of direct training outweigh any cost associated with loss of employees. The goal is to develop the education program to such a degree that it offers real answers to the real challenge of the industry and expresses the commitment of the organization to employee retention and benefits."
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Female Sexuality, 2002.
Examines many of the aspects of female sexuality including female sexual identity, sexuality and aging and female sexual dysfunction.
2,950 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 25 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews several articles discussing female sexuality. It reviews articles on what female sexuality is, what is involved in the sexuality of females, what helps aide in feminine sexuality and what hinders a women's sexuality. The paper looks at some of the problems associated with women's sexuality and whether these are perceived, physical, or medical problems. Finally,it examine how women see their own sexuality.
From the Paper
"Before the advent of the ?sexual revolution? in the 1960s the subject of female sexuality was considered taboo in so called polite society. Discussion of sexuality by females was viewed as an aberration. Women were taught and told that the normal reaction of women towards sexual intercourse was that they generally did not feel any physical or emotional pleasure from it. Sex was a means to an end; by performing their wifely duty to please their mates women were subjugated to the role of baby maker. This severe repression of female sexuality and its total submission to reproductive functions determined the limits of knowledge for untold generations of women (Gomex 1995)."
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Retirement Planning, 2002.
A review of the options available for sound planning towards the retirement age.
1,868 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper explores different strategies for developing a financial and retirement plan. The paper takes into account the realities of today?s economy, worker career mobility and phased retirement. Tradeoffs between working longer before retirement, aggressive investing and the role real estate play in an investment portfolio will be highlighted.
Contents:
Financial Planning ? Working Toward the Future
Retirement Planning
401(k)
Traditional IRAs
Simplified Employee Pension
Savings Incentive Match Plan
Portfolios Need Real Estate
From the Paper
"There are 76 million Americans who were born between the years 1946 and 1964, they are the so-called baby-boom generation. Fifty-five million Americans are age 55 and older, according to data from the U.S. Census Bureau. Within that number, there are 35 million who are 65 and older, and by 2030 that amount will double to 70 million. Surprisingly the fastest-growing segment of senior citizens is of those who are 85 years old or older."
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Financing Long Term Care, 2002.
This paper discusses that the United States most develop an adequate system for long-term care to meet the long-term care needs of an aging population.
2,735 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper states that concerns about anticipated demographic changes are escalating the financing problem of long-term care for the elderly. The author relates that nursing home care costs can average approximately fifty-five thousand dollars annually per person with many nursing home residents paying the bulk of the rates out of their own pockets. The author believes that a legitimate solution to resolve the problem is to go to a single payer national health insurance program, a single government fund within each state, which pays hospitals, physicians and other health care providers.
From the Paper
"Some alternative financing options for long-term care financing can emerge from homeownership but the financial industry has to agree that there is a viable reason in pursuing these options. For example, the public in recent years has pursued the home equity conversions but banks have made these instruments remain limited. In the case of fixed-term reverse mortgages, which I discussed earlier, the lending institutions have shown a reluctance to enter into these nontraditional relationships. ?The banking industry may have considered the fact that in the situation of where the elderly live longer than expected, it may force the financial institutions to foreclose or postpone claiming their assets. Banks do not like waiting to be repaid, and foreclosing on elderly widows conjures up the worst image of bankers. Neither option is attractive to the financial community.? "
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Aging, 2002.
This paper points out the many problems of the aging population.
835 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper states that the United States will be seeing a dramatic increase in the elderly population as the ?baby boomer? generation reaches retirement age. The paper explains that there is no evidence to show that the brain begins to show signs of wear in old age thus resulting in mental illness. The author concludes that the cost of medical care is a major problem for most older people.
From the Paper
"Not all people age at the same rate. While living 65 years or longer may give a person a greater probability of contracting a debilitating, chronic disease, old age does not cause chronic illness. Living a great number of years just increases the probability of contracting one. It is necessary to distinguish what can be considered normal wear and tear on the body, or the natural result of aging."
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?Number Our Days? by Barbara Myerhoff, 2002.
This paper looks at the book "Number Our Days", a work the writer describes as an example of urban anthropology.
1,023 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the book which was written by a participant-observer of the culture surrounding a Jewish Senior Citizen Center in California. The paper shows that the novel depicts life in the Jewish ghetto for the men and women, most of them in their eighties or nineties.
From the Paper
"The Center is located near the beach in an urban California area. At one time it was in the heart of a thriving Jewish community, but the neighborhood has changed drastically, particularly in the last ten years before the research for the book was begun. Because of the age and physical condition of the members, as well as the downward trend in the socioeconomic status of the surrounding area, the Center is constantly threatened with extinction. This is one of the reasons that the author was so anxious to do this particular fieldwork."
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