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Calcium and Vitamin D, 2008.
A look at the health benefits of calcium and vitamin D with a focus on osteoporosis.
1,258 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how research has shown that there is a direct correlation between bone condition in an individual's juvenile and mature years and subsequent susceptibility to osteoporosis-related fractures. In particular, the paper looks at how the interventions that are being investigated to reduce osteoporosis-related health risks and to improve general bone health is diet and supplements of vitamin D and calcium.
Outline:
Health, Vitamin D and Calcium
Interventions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The focus on osteoporosis prevention in turn has improved market performance of foods. Klotter (2005) points out that among all nutrients, calcium is among the most advocated by retails products. These include not only dairy-related products but vegetables, fruits and exercise activities as well. Whereas there has been some counter-marketing against dairy products because of their fat content and fears of contamination from diseases in the 1990's, they have gained better regard in consideration of their value in preventing osteoporosis (Heaney et al, 2000). The opinion is one that Klotter (2005) also recognizes in the course of her study of the impact of initiatives against osteoporosis in health as well as industrial markets today."
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Adult Social Care Today, 2008.
This paper looks at the importance and urgency of programs and attention to the issue of adult social care.
2,659 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 32 sources, APA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that changing perspective in social services is emphasizing the need to develop programs that consider social care as an integral factor in any health program. Beyond the treatment of diseases and promoting general health, the focus has evolved into one that considers quality of life as paramount. The writer points out that current trends in social care have indicated that adult social care professionals are dealing more with community conditions than individual conditions more than ever before. The writer discusses that regardless of whether the increasing trend is caused by institutional or professional setbacks, the reality is greater demand for adult social care is the most compelling and urgent in the social services industry today. The writer concludes that the concerted efforts in social research, medicine and social management are all essential in realizing the social service objectives.
Outline:
Introduction
Adult Social Care Needs
Response to Social Care Needs
Conclusion
From the Paper
"According to Manfredi and Maioni, these services should also have the support of legislation and the judiciary. The response has been in favor of developing better social programs particularly those for the elderly. Consequently, it has also created greater civil accountability for health and social services to meet standards and needs of people.
"A comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles of adult social problems that include their diagnoses, treatment and rehabilitation is a knowledge base that is essential for the field. Current trends in social care have indicated that adult social care professionals are dealing more with community conditions than individual conditions more than ever before. This may be an indication that though advances in health that have allowed better detection of illnesses but it has yet been able to address other social concerns. Regardless of whether the increasing trend is caused by institutional or professional setbacks, the reality is greater demand for adult social care is the most compelling and urgent in the social services industry today."
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Elderly Abuse, 2008.
A look at the subject of elderly abuse in Western society in general. and in Canada in particular.
4,794 words (approx. 19.2 pages), 18 sources, APA, $ 122.95
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Abstract
This paper deals with the subject of elderly abuse and attempts to make the connection between elder abuse and family violence. The author explains that elder abuse is becoming more and more recognized as a form of family violence, and describes the different types of abuse, analyzing the connection between elder abuse and family violence. The author also uses the Ageism concept to explain elder abuse in broad context, to explain how society's distorted view on the elderly affect care-givers likeliness to abuse their elderly family members.
Outline:
Introduction
Purpose
Rationale
Key Concepts Related to Elder Abuse
What is Elderly Abuse?
Elder Abuse as a Form of Family Violence
Analysis:
The Situation Model
Social Exchange Theory
Ageism
Practice Interventions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Elder abuse is a growing social concern in Western society, but it is not a new phenomenon. Mistreatment of older people both in the community and within institutions has been an enduring feature of our social history. Many older Canadians have suffered abuse and neglect at the hands of family members and caregivers for many years, without the support and resources they needed to leave their abusive situations. Recently, practitioners have been displaying a growing awareness and concern about elder abuse, putting a new perspective to this type of family violence (Pillemer & Wolf, 1986: 169). Like other types of domestic violence, elder abuse is extremely complex. It is a combination of many factors, from psychological to economic as well as the mental and physical conditions of the victim and the abuser. These factors do not usually operate in isolation. Instead, they tend to function as complex dimensions, interacting in ways uniquely dependent on the victim, perpetrator and the situation (Steinmetz, 1988: 23)
Moreover, research shows that estimates of abuse are difficult to make, although in Canada it is often said to affect at least four percent of seniors (Kinnon, 2001: 6).
"In addition, explanations about why abuse occurs under different theoretical frameworks make it difficult to pin-point the direct connection between the dynamics of elder abuse and family violence. Many elder abuse cases fit the paradigm of family violence; that is, acts of abuse or misuse of power that may result in harm to a family member (Pillemer & Suitor, 1992: 170). However, not all cases involve spouses or family members. Practitioners stress the need to understand the entire range of elder abuse and the underlying causes- including self-neglect, abuse and neglect within the family, and abuse that occurs in institutional settings (Prevention Pathways, 2004: 12)."
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Canadian Senior Immigrants, 2008.
This paper discusses the problem of social isolation among Canadian senior immigrants.
2,280 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Canadian senior immigrants are more vulnerable to social isolation and exclusion than Canadian-raised seniors; therefore, it is important to consider the importance of social inclusion for this population. The author points out that problems, such as the lack of social and family support, the lack of knowledge of the English/French language and the lack of community resources have resulted in senior immigrants becoming more socially excluded. The paper stresses that, to encourage social inclusion, social workers need to help break down these barriers, which have caused senior immigrants to face problems of accessibility to services. The author underscores that it is important to not homogenize the senior population but rather to offer culturally sensitive and accessible programs that meet the needs of specific immigrant senior populations and that encourage them to meet their own specific needs.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Senior Immigrants: Exploring Assumptions and Reality
Social Exclusion to Social Inclusion
Barriers to Services
Recommendations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Contemporary Canadian society is among the most diverse in the world: the 2001 Census lists around two hundred ethnic groups. Among the immigrant population, 68% of all immigrant seniors are originally from Europe and 19% come from Asia (one in five). This development is the result of a change in immigration patterns since the 1960s, when the trend of admitting immigrants from Europe shifted to one admitting people from all over the world, especially Asia. For the purpose of this paper, senior immigrants can be defined by age as legal immigrants 65 years old and above."
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Retirement, 2008.
This paper discusses planning for the factors that influence a successful retirement period of life.
1,455 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that retirement is the time in a person's life when they stop employment completely either by choice or due to health problems or physical conditions. The author points out the normal physical changes of increased age often are associated with retirement since they may occur simultaneously. The paper relates that, to become ready for these changes, people can stay active, eat healthy and avoid behaviors, such as smoking and drug use, which will cause their health to deteriorate. The author urges that people must plan for financing the retirement period with its change in income and expenses. The paper indicates that crime, especially consumer fraud and scams, is another factor, which worries many people of retirement age. The author suggests that a living will can state a person's wishes on sustaining life support or medical care if his or her health should fail.
From the Paper
"The average retired couple spends 35% of their income on housing, 25% on food, 9% on medical expenses, 9% on transportation, and the remaining amount on clothing, personal care, and other expenses such as gifts. To become better prepared for the future, people should start saving for retirement early and often. People also need to consider factors such as increased health costs, increased life expectancy, and keeping a tight budget, so they can have a comfortable retirement. To decrease future costs and ultimately save money, retirees should consolidate bills and look for discounts on things such as insurance when available."
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Elder Abuse, 2007.
An overview of the problem of elder abuse in the United States and what can be done to prevent it.
1,664 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how elder abuse is a problem that was swept under the rug for many years, but is being addressed more now than it has ever before. It discusses how, once training is available to those providing home care to their relatives, then the incidence of elder abuse should drop significantly and how this combined with more public knowledge on elder abuse, would decrease the incidence of elder abuse even more.
Outline:
Is Elder Abuse the Result of a Lack of Knowledge and Lack of Help?
Yes
No
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In our society, shipping our loved one off to a nursing home is not normally the first option. Most do not want a stranger taking care of a person they care about and the cost can also be an issue. Often, caregivers do not realize how difficult caring for an elderly person actually is and dive into without knowing proper techniques of care. This situation can lead to stress and depression in the caregiver, which can impair their normal thought and action process leading to higher rates of elder abuse. Again, if education and support was more readily available, these reactions would lessen. Not only that, but more caregivers are adult children who also have their own lives and may require help learning how to be patient. In cases of a spouse providing care, the spouse also tends to be older and may not be physically capable of providing proper care. "
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Older Criminals and Policy Issues, 2007.
An analysis of how the increase in the number of older adults in prison in the US affects the criminal justice system.
3,211 words (approx. 12.8 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper examines a number of issues that policy makers need to address regarding the caring and housing of elderly inmates. It explains that, although there are current policies in place that establish a prisoner's right to health care and right to not be discriminated against based on disability, the policies are vague and unclear. The writer discusses how the vagueness of these policies has led to controversy and debate in the public as a whole, as well as the Supreme Court. The writer strongly asserts that policies addressing inmates and correctional facilities will not only impact inmates, but will also impact correctional officers, the medical field, and the population as a whole. The writer concludes that with the increase of older inmates, more research is being done to understand what is occurring and what is needed to help prepare for the needs of older inmates.
From the Paper
"The reasons for older adults committing crimes are often the same as nonelderly offenders. Some crime may be due to low socioeconomic status, drugs, unstable social relationships, and alcohol. On the other hand, it could also be due to the onset of dementia, which can cause an individual to lose social screens and have a lack of judgment. Feelings of depression and boredom can also lead to crime (Frolik & McChrystal Barnes, 2003). The changes in the number of older adults in prison can be attributed to many different possibilities. Three of which are the increase in the older adult population, changes in the sentencing guidelines, and parole changes. All three of the above led to an increase in the population of inmates serving time."
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Elder Abuse, 2005.
This paper discuses elder abuse, which is considered one of the fastest growing areas of serious concern for the elderly.
3,590 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 100.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, whether it is physical, sexual, emotional or psychological abuse or whether it is neglect, abandonment or financial exploitation, abuse results in harm to the older individual. The author points out that, as people live longer, they tend to become more and more dependent on others and may not have a good support system within the community . The paper relates that lifelong patterns of domestic violence are often reversed when the parent or the formerly dominating spouse becomes less powerful and is now the victim instead of the abuser. The author points out that research has discovered those aged persons with cognitive impairments, such as dementia and depression, are at greater risks for abuse. The paper stresses that taking legal action through social service agencies is necessary to prevent elder abuse.
From the Paper
"The Northamptonshire study revealed the prevalence of dementia among the older men and women who were abused. The ability of caregivers to cope varied with the severity of the dementia and whether or not the caregiver considered that he or she was caring as they had always done, caring for physical needs, or dealing with a mentally ill partner. For many the use of formal and informal services was minimal, sometimes through ignorance of available services, sometimes through choice where career and partner deliberately limited outside contacts. These are situations where abuse can easily occur."
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The Older Adult Driver, 2007.
This paper discuses the need for physicians to assess the driving abilities of older adults.
2,855 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 20 sources, APA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the absolute number of crashes is the lowest in older drivers; however, the crash rate per mile driven puts older drivers at the highest risk age group. The author points out that the increase in crashes is not due to age itself but to the increase in detrimental health conditions and common changes associated with age, such as visual impairment, chronic disease, and prescription and over-the-counter medications. The paper relates that, because these changes do not cause a decline in the ability to drive for everyone and usually occur gradually over time at different rates for each person, the physician can evaluate if it is safe for an individual to drive. The author states that, driving cessation can have detrimental effects on an individual. Thus, the goal of the physician should be to identify treatable causes while still allowing the patient to maintain mobility and independence.
From the Paper
"New methods have recently been developed in an attempt to assess drivers. Driving simulators provide an artificial environment for drivers to navigate in, allowing an assessment to be done on driving ability. On-the-road testing is typically the traditional approach. A specialist in older adults usually does this and the focus is on reaction time, speed of turning, judgment, and visual scanning and attention. Safety and reliability issues are not easy to see in this type of test though. A new test called Assessment of Driving-Related Skills (ADReS) has been developed to evaluate drivers."
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Transportation Mobility and Older Adults, 2006.
This paper is a research proposal to study the effects of transportation on mobility of older adults.
1,640 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper proposes to study where older adults tend to travel and how often public transportation is used, as well as where these individuals would like to travel, but are unable to due to lack of transportation. The author points out that research has shown that the availability of public transportation varies based on location and that, in rural and suburb areas, there often is no form of transportation other than private automobiles. The paper reports that the sample for this study will be volunteer men and women, 65 years and older, who ride public transportation in a non-urban region of central Minnesota. The paper states that the self-report questionnaire was developed by the author because other research has not included investigation of where the aged would have liked to travel if they had transportation. The paper includes a cover letter and the questionnaire.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Non-drivers
Use of Public Transportation by Older Adults
Gender and Ethnicity
Methodology
Sample
Procedure
Instrument
Analysis
Tentative Time Line
Appendix: Consent Form
Appendix: Survey
From the Paper
"Troubles accessing public transportation vary from person to person. One in five women Latinas reported transportation problems, while one and ten African American women reported problems accessing public transportation.However, only 5% of white women reported problems with accessing public transportation. However, the number of women drivers is expected to increase in the next 30 years. Only 67% of women had driver licenses in 1997 but by 2012 it is predicted that 90% of women will have driver licenses."
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Transportation Problems of Older Adults, 2007.
This paper discuses current barriers and possible solutions to public transportation for older adults in the US.
2,200 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, with the aging of the baby boom generation, the number of people needing to travel will put more pressure on transportation services. The author points out that declining health and finances can lead to a cessation or limitation in driving. The paper relates that the cessation of driving may lead to social isolation, which is linked strongly to premature death; however, having access to public transportation can lead to a higher levels of satisfaction with quality of life. The author underscores that most aging individuals do not use public transportation because of accessibility, unreliable arrival times, difficulties with learning to use public transportation, fear of being attacked and problems with lighting and steps. The paper highlights the availability of government funding to expand and improve public transportation for the handicapped and aged, but urges that more is needed.
From the Paper
"On the other hand, there are approximately seven million adults over the age of 65 that do not drive, with women making up the majority of non-drivers. Women tend to stop driving more than men of the same age. According to Bailey (2004), more than 50% of individuals 65 and older, who do not drive stay home because they lack transportation options. Non-drivers only average about 1.5 trips per day, while drivers tend to make 4 trips in one day. Furthermore, older non-drivers average 15% fewer trips to the doctor, 59% fewer shopping trips, and 65% fewer social trips."
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Peripheral Vascular Disease, 2004.
An analysis of nursing implications for peripheral vascular disease.
1,308 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
Peripheral vascular disease is an umbrella term that refers to a range of abnormal conditions that affect veins outside the heart and which usually cause blockages in arteries. This paper examines how, depending on what region of the body is being affected by the peripheral vascular disease, nursing interventions should seek to minimize the impact of the disease process while introducing as much physical rehabilitation into the treatment regimen as medically feasible to delay or prevent further deterioration.
Outline:
Introduction: Definition and Pathology
Epidemiology
Assessment Strategies
Effects of Disorder on Dimensions of Health
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The diagnosis of peripheral vascular disease can be performed faster, safer, more affordably, and in a minimally invasive way, according to studies performed at New York University Medical Center, New York City, have determined (Health beat, 2001). The results of these studies showed that when peripheral magnetic resonance angiography scanners are used for this purpose, a combination of ultra-fast, high-resolution imaging sequences with a panoramic table and special peripheral coil are used to allow coverage from the renal arteries to blood vessels in the foot in a single scan (Health beat, 2001). Although peripheral vascular disease may not manifest any symptoms at all, if the disease becomes very severe, more serious problems can develop. "
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