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Postmenopausal Osteoporosis, 2005.
A comprehensive scientific description of postmenopausal osteoporosis, its physiological causes and current available treatments.
1,807 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper includes a description about the effects of postmenopausal osteoporosis on the American public. It compares normal bone function to the changes that happen during post-menopause in women that cause osteoporosis. It outlines current treatment methods, urging for more research into therapy treatment methods.
From the Paper
"Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by decreased bone mass and bone quality. In the United States, 26% of women over the age of 65, and 50% of women over the age of 85, have osteoporosis. Osteoporosis causes over 1.5 million fractures a year and is responsible for billions of dollars in healthcare costs. The U.S. Surgeon General reported that calcium, vitamin D supplementation and physical activity are among the first steps in fracture prevention from osteoporosis. Pharmacotherapy has also been shown to provide substantial reduction in fracture risk over only a treatment program of calcium and vitamin D supplementation."
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Carers and the Elderly, 2003.
A look at the interactional dynamics between professional healthcare providers and the receivers of the care.
1,737 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
A great deal of research has been done into the way the younger generation addresses the elderly. This paper looks into the range of tactics used as well as how the way that a carer communicates with their elderly patient says a great deal about their own personal views and opinions. In particular, it examines how Coupland, N et al (1991) investigate this issue through presenting the theories of Ryan et al.
From the Paper
"The first of Ryan et al's (cited in Coupland, N et al 1991) strategies which is often chosen by younger people is overaccomodation due to physical or sensory handicaps (Coupland, Coupland and Giles 1991). In this instance the speaker adapts their speech beyond the optimal level, thus showing that they assume the receiver is handicapped in some way. A common example of this is where people speak especially loud to an elderly person. This shows how a majority of the elderly are perceived as having impaired hearing. The main aim of such a strategy is to ensure an effective, interpretable form of communication, however from another perspective such an approach may be seen as patronising and unnecessary."
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The Rapid Population Debate, 2006.
This essay summarizes in the debates between population "pessimists" and "optimists" over the last 200 years, including the main causes and consequences of population growth in Asia and Africa over the last 500 years.
1,031 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper details the steady increase in the world's population in the last 100 years and explains how the advancement of modern medicine has allowed people to survive longer with cheaper, effective treatment. It explains that it is not just the West who can enjoy these benefits, many poorer countries have improved and more accessible healthcare, resulting in longer lifespan and improved reproduction.
From the Paper
"This steady population growth has dramatic consequences on the world, some good, and some bad. The benefits of having more people on the planet means that there is a greater pool of labour, and we can see that it benefits big companies such as Nike who set up sweat shops in countries in Asia and Africa and who exploit the large number of unemployed people. But one of the biggest criticisms of having a large population is the environmental impact it has on the planet, having more people in the world leads to more demand of resources, some of which are depleting rapidly."
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Problems Faced by the Elderly, 2005.
A discussion of the problems that elderly people face everyday in America.
2,800 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the problems faced by the elderly population in American society. It explains that the elderly are mostly living alone and have to deal with the problems of care when ill. The most pressing problem for most elderly is the issue of health-care and medical coverage which most of them do not have. The paper also examines the issue of quality care and finding the right caregiver when the time arises.
From the Paper
"Quality is also an important factor that is too often overlooked by healthcare professionals. Quality refers to the quality of care and communication established in the healthcare environment between the healthcare professional and the client. It refers to the technological sophistication and technical expertise of the care, as well as the quality of the relationship that is more personal between the patient and the professional, which is based on concepts like trust and empathy. Patients are not going to perceive quality care,
even if the healthcare environment has the most up-to-date methods and technological means of assistance, unless they are able to perceive that someone really cares about them in the process. That is, there is more to quality care than the technical aspects of care, and many people in the healthcare environment currently do not realize this, and think that technical proficiency alone is enough. They need to expand the definition of quality care."
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The Medicare Crisis, 2005.
A paper discussing the future of Medicare in relation to the increasing costs of Medicare in the healthcare system.
4,200 words (approx. 16.8 pages), 25 sources, APA, $ 112.95
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Abstract
This report takes a look at how Medicare impacts the American healthcare system and attempts to answer questions about the future of Medicare. The paper also touches upon issues affecting the elderly regarding present problems in Medicare and future problems that are foreseen. In addition, this report looks at both present and future possibilities with regard to Medicare by looking at present risks and then makes conclusions and recommendations for both future research and for programmatic change and advocacy in healthcare.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Issues Under Investigation
Research Questions
Literature Review
Analysis
Recommendations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Another issue associated with this topic is that one of the reasons that many older individuals are not prepared to face the costs of long-term care is because they think it is already fully covered by Medicare. Public education needs to be an important part of the insurance process, but often older individuals are confused by the plethora of insurance options and split coverage that are offered to them. Adding to this confusion, many older individuals assume that Medicare is prepared to give them long-term care allowances over sixty days. "A major obstacle to the development of long-term care insurance is the widespread misperception that Medicare and private health insurance policies that supplement Medicare cover long-term care, when in fact they do not...People must be educated concerning their need for private long-term care insurance" (Atchley, 2000, p. 367). Long-term care can be very expensive for those individuals who are not prepared to face these costs."
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Alzheimer's, 2005.
A discussion about problems surrounding Alzheimer's disease.
2,751 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Alzheimer's which is a disease that attacks the brain's nerve cells and causes loss of memory, thinking and language. Unfortunately, Alzheimer's disease hits many adults when they get older. The paper explains that it is the leading cause of dementia and is a condition in which the nerve cells of the brain die, which prevents the signals or messages of the brain not be transmitted in a proper manner. This paper analyzes how this disorder affects its victims and predicts that there will a cure or a way to prevent it in the future.
From the Paper
"Alzheimer's is the leading cause of dementia in adults. As a matter of fact it is responsible for 70% of all dementia disorders. As Weiten noted, "A dementia is an abnormal condition marked by multiple cognitive deficits that include memory impairment." (p.460) The worst part about it is that there is no known cure for it. It is believed to first be found in the early 1900s. "Dr. Alois Alzheimer, a German physician, first described the disease in 1906. He observed in the autopsy of a woman with dementia two kinds of abnormal structures in the brain that are now recognized as hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease--amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles."(Alzheimer's Association, 2005) That is where the name of the disease came from, it was named after the doctor who first learned about this dementia."
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Alzheimers Disease, 2005.
A report looking at the client population of those who have Alzheimer's disease.
1,527 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This report identifies and recognizes the population of individuals dealing with the condition of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The paper describes the impact that a diagnosis of AD can have on the person diagnosed and the caretakers of that person, the type of support and service people with AD and their families receive and the inadequacies of that service and what can be done to improve the service and support.
From the Paper
"Alzheimer's Disease not only affects millions of individuals in America, but it is also one of the leading causes of death in the old population. And providing long-term care for Alzheimer's can be problematic in terms of both personal and economic cost, as the disease does not show improvement as it progresses and is even not covered by many supplemental insurance plans because it is cost-prohibitive. Medicare and other insurance options must be tailored to treat Alzheimer's with attention not just to the older client population who are suffering from the disease, but to support staff and family member who must also cope with it. A holistic pattern should be expanded in this respect to give care to the client population suffering from Alzheimer's as well as their spouses, who may be emotionally and mentally effected, family, who may be daunted by the prohibitive nature of the disease, and healthcare professionals, who may see the disease as unbeatable and respond inappropriately in the level of care being given to the client themselves."
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The Aging Baby Boom Generation, 2005.
This paper is a literature review of peer-review journals and professional publications to explore the impact of the aging baby boomers on the future healthcare system.
8,185 words (approx. 32.7 pages), 46 sources, APA, $ 175.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the aging baby boom generation, who are characterized by prevention and wellness values resulting in longer life expectancy, will have a significant effect on the number of elderly needing long-term healthcare services. The author stresses that the Medicare system does not provide protection against catastrophic or long-term events, many drugs and prevention services, all of which will be needed by the aging baby boom generation. The paper concludes that, along with the concern for this cohort, there is the continued need for the entire population--the rich and the poor, the young and the old--to have healthcare coverage; the social system may offer the most adequate solution.
Table of Contents
The Problem
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Importance of the Study
Scope or Delimitations of the Study
Review of the Literature
Introduction
Overview
Aging Trends For Baby Boomers
Future of Healthcare Funding
Future Healthcare Costs
Future Healthcare Funding
Changing Ratios Between Current and Future Funding Contributors
Access to Services
Medicare, Current Access to Care
Changes Needed for Care Access
Healthcare's Future
New Demands For Care
Quality of Care
Baby Boomers Define Care
Current Changes and Future Possibilities in Care Quality
Baby Bloomers Are Dissatisfied
Baby Bloomers Want More
Long-term Care
More Information Availability
Alternative Therapies
Summary
Conclusion
Implication of the Study
Position of the Author
From the Paper
"Baby boomers have redefined quality of care, demanding preventative measures for optimal health. This generation demands more service, more information, and more options. Since they are the largest buying population, they have changed the healthcare system and will continue to do so. Among the changes needed is improvement in long-term-care coverage. Private insurance for this coverage has increased but presents problems such as how to market a high-cost policy to those with little money. Public-private partnerships are another alternative. However, this type of assistance may end up raising Medicare costs without offering enough assistance to the public. Social insurance is also discussed. In this case the costs would be disbursed among the total population, including those 65 years and older."
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Depression and Dementia, 2006.
A look at coexisting depression and dementia treatment approaches for the elderly.
4,194 words (approx. 16.8 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 111.95
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Abstract
Dementia coexisting with depression increases the challenges for the elderly and their caregivers. Pharmacological, behavioral, or social support interventions may delay the need for nursing home placement or institutionalization. This paper examines how the best approach to treatment is a combination of therapies which may provide help and support to the caregiver as well as manage symptoms. It proposes a study to determine whether patients with coexisting depression and dementia can be effectively treated with less inpatient care.
Outline
Introduction
Background and Significance
Preliminary Studies
Research Methodology
Human Subjects Protocol
Administration and Timetable
Limitations of this Study
From the Paper
"Dementia associated with depression increases challenges for the elderly and their caregivers. Many individuals with AD become depressed because they are aware of loosing their cognitive abilities and because of life circumstances and environmental changes. Research studies continue to work towards developing a cure or treatment strategies for AD and related dementias; however, depression often goes undiagnosed. Depression coexisting with dementia accelerates loss of autonomy (Ritchie & Lovestone, 2002, p. 8). Undiagnosed depression in people with AD and other dementias is a problem, especially since depression is treatable."
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Dementia, Depression and Substance Abuse, 2005.
Explores the difficulties of treating and caring for someone suffering from dementia combined with alcohol or substance abuse.
2,231 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 30 sources, APA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
Dementia, allied with depression and alcohol or substance abuse, increases challenges for the elderly and their caregivers. Wernicke's disease and Korsakoff's syndrome are the most recognized types of alcohol-dementia. The paper shows that symptoms of alcohol or substance abuse can be disguised as depression, dementia or other problems associated with aging. Dementia is a condition that does not have a cure; however, depression and alcohol or substance abuse are treatable and may reverse some types of dementia. The paper shows that the best approach to treatment is a combination of therapies, which may provide help and support to the caregiver as well as manage symptoms. Disease case management along with effective outpatient treatment approaches may postpone or reduce nursing home placement.
Paper Outline:
Abstract
Dementia Allied with Depression and Alcohol or Substance Abuse
Dementia
Depression
Dementia and Depression
Substance Abuse
Alcohol-Related Dementia
Treatment
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Depression coexisting with dementia has often been overlooked because of the emphasis on distinguishing the two conditions; however, it should be recognized that depression is a shared concomitant of dementia (Woods, 2001, p. S10). Depression may be a predictor of some forms of dementia and is considered a major health risk in the elderly (Tierney, Boyle, Lam, & Szalai, 1999, p. 1). Studies show that depression is the most common psychiatric disease in individuals 65 years and older, commonly occurring in more than 30% of the frail and disabled elderly (Polidori, Menculini, Senin, & Mecocci, 2001, p. 533)."
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Ageism or Age Discrimination, 2005.
A report focusing on the problem of age discrimination in the workplace and what can be done about it.
2,130 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This report looks at the general issue of age discrimination in the workplace, focusing more specifically on ageism as it applies to older individuals between the ages of forty and seventy. This issue is looked at in terms of existing studies on the issue and how it is being dealt with in a programmatic manner by organizations. That is, this report does not just look at the problem of age discrimination in the workplace, but also explores existing literature for solution based measures that can be used to advocate and recommend change. The report then goes on to make these recommendations, including the recommendation that organizations install programs that are respective of employee diversity to help educate people about the perils of ageism as it exists as a problem in our society.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Discussion of Findings
Recommendations
Conclusions
From the Paper
"It is the main finding of the current report that in most cases, age discrimination in the workplace can be directly related to ageism in the society. Ageism is a type of prejudice that is leveled against people because of the sole feature of their age rather than about getting to know the person as a complex human being. Often when they have prejudiced attitudes, people will determine that everyone in a certain group defined oftenby physical characteristics is going to act the same way. One source of ageist attitudes therefore is prejudice against the older individuals in society. Prejudice against older individuals through ageism may manifest itself in a relatively harmless way or a way that actually harms the older individual, and this is a good reason that these stereotypes should be eliminated."
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Dementia, 2005.
This paper describes the challenging behavior of persons with dementia.
2,070 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the term "dementia" is used by the medical community to describe patients with impaired intellectual capacity; dementia patients may also be labelled as having "presenile" or "senile" dementia, "chronic" or "organic brain syndrome," "arterio-sclerosis," or
"cerebral atrophy". The author points out that two of the most common forms of dementia are Alzheimer's disease, which causes the brain to lose its ability and makes it stop functioning normally, and multi-infarct dementia in which a blockage in the blood vessels causes damage to different parts of the brain resulting in minor strokes. The paper concludes that patients suffering from dementia become in many ways like children losing control over their mind and become strongly dependant on others to function normally; hence, the people who care for these patients must do so with love, understanding and patience.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Dementia
Clinical Presentation
Cognitive Changes
Psychiatric Symptoms
Personality Changes
Problem Behaviors
Changes in Day-to-Day Functioning
Charlie
The Work Environment
Management and Treatment
Dealing with Inappropriate Behavior
Conclusion
From the Paper
"With staff that worked with Charlie, I will step into the world of Charlie who is suffering from dementia for the past 6 years; he is 54 years old and at first glance would pass of as an extinguished old gentleman, greying at the temples having an air of aristocracy about him. When
Charlie first started to exhibit symptoms of dementia, his family put it down to mood swings and thought he was going through a period of depression and tried to help him. At first there were upset over his forgetfulness but soon realised that something was happening to Charlie which he had no ability to control and soon they found out that he
was suffering from dementia."
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