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Dalton McGuinty, 2008.
A discussion of Dalton McGuinty, premier of Ontario, and his policy.
1,020 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the position that the premier of Ontario, Dalton McGuinty, holds in the political fabric of Ontario as well as within the national political structure. The paper points out that McGuinty has been premier since 2003 and is largely considered to be a moderate fiscal conservative, although he is a political liberal in most other respects. It holds that one of his top priorities upon becoming premier was to attract further international investment into the province as a way to spur economic growth. The paper also points out that another chief objective of McGuinty's leadership has been a balanced budget by 2009. Additionally, the paper notes that McGuinty's politically liberal positions include support of abortion rights for women and unequivocal support for same sex couples, which led to the passage of legislation in Ontario that ensured legal status for such couples. Lastly, the paper addresses the McGuinty administration's focus on the "MoveOntario" project, which targeted a $1.2 billion investment in provincial transportation infrastructure.
Outline:
Overview
Provincial Jurisdiction
Responsibilities Outcome
Municipal Amalgamation
From the Paper
"The concept of provincial jurisdiction in Ontario was considerably undermined by the Harris Tory government that preceded McGuinty's government. The Tory government began passing in the mid and late 1990s a series of laws which removed substantial powers of jurisdiction from the local municipalities and placed them largely within the jurisprudence of provincial control. Provincial jurisdiction over municipalities was first undermined by the Schedule M within the Savings and Restructuring Act in 1997 which gave the province's minister of municipal affairs the authority to designate a commissioner who could actually restructure municipalities if they could not agree to boundaries or other issues among themselves. This law removed the entire process of municipal compromise from the municipalities themselves and awarded it to the provincial authorities."
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Canadian Proxy Servers, 2008.
A discussion of whether the Canadian government should establish proxy servers that would enable people in nations like China and Saudi Arabia to circumvent government control of the Internet.
1,160 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper asserts that some Canadian government officials believe that Canada should establish proxy servers to help peoples in other parts of the world circumnavigate official repression. The paper posits that the establishment of proxy servers might do wonders at breaking down the control of authoritarian governments and would allow Canada to build its international stature while empowering a huge number of peoples abroad. However, the paper points out that proxy servers appear to be, by default, unencrypted and thus information being exchanged between the proxy and the user can be easily "tapped" into by a third dissident party. In the end, the paper concludes that Canada would do well to leave such matters alone inasmuch as the proxy server plan may endanger lives rather than enrich them.
From the Paper
"Still, there are real-life benefits to proxy servers that are appealing to technocrats within the Canadian bureaucracy. For one thing, there are many software packages now available that can "proxy" traffic and that can be configured to operate on non-standard ports. As well, there are now many publicly-accessible proxy servers ("Technical Ways to Get around Censorship," para.2). Consequently, it is easier to set up proxies than ever before and it is easier to access proxy servers than ever before. Thus, the advent of a generation of proxy servers capable of helping private citizens navigate their way around government censorship seems like something that can only help educate (and empower) the public."
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Global Warming and Canada, 2008.
An analysis of the environmental and political effects of global warming in Canada.
1,270 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at global warming and its impact, both climactically and politically, upon Canada. In particular, the paper asserts that global warming has impacted Canada's environment in a tangible way and has also transformed Canadian politics - perhaps not for the better. Additionally, the paper examines how global warming is impacting vulnerable wildlife species and aboriginal or native societies in various regions of Canada. Furthermore, the paper looks at global warming's effects upon Canadian politics, with special attention devoted to the charged rhetoric surrounding the issue. The paper concludes that global warming is sharpening the ideological and political divide between those Canadians who believe something drastic needs to be done and those who do not feel so inclined.
From the Paper
"The more temperate Northern Canadian climate also has serious implications for ultraviolet B exposure in Canadian inland waters. Although one recent study suggests that "dissolved organic matter-mediated ultraviolet B exposure" is not a serious problem for those Canadian inland waters that were examined, the same report also found that "optically clear" and at-risk ponds were much more common (perhaps even surprisingly common) in the artic eco-zones - particularly in the Northern artic and in the artic cordillera (Molot et al, 2511-2512). To sum up this entire section, Canada's climate is changing in ways that put many aquatic and terrestrial species in harm's way."
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The Regulation of Canadian Securities, 2008.
A review of self-regulating organizations (SROs) and their role in the regulation of the securities industry in Canada.
2,180 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the regulation of the securities industry in Canada. It briefly reviews the Canadian capital market and looks at the various self-regulating organizations (SROs) in place and their key features. From there, the paper discusses the nature of the Constitution Act, 1867, and how it can be construed as supporting local or provincial control of the securities sector.
From the Paper
"As a last point before bringing this paper to a close, it should be added that self-regulation by the SROs discussed above (and at the provincial level in the form of securities commissions) are better simply because it allows supervisory bodies to concentrate their efforts upon a smaller group of individuals. To put the matter simply, individuals looking to break the law - or at least to engage in questionable practices - may feel that they can "slip through the cracks" of a national regulatory regime. However, by having provincial commissions in place (acting in conjunction with broad organizations like the MFDA and IDA, of course) the likelihood of evading detection becomes increasingly remote. Effective plans or programs that heighten the effectiveness of provincial self-regulation would surely seem to be ones that call for close cooperation between SROs and provincial commissions - with joint offices set up that pool resources and allow for immediate investigation of complaints or concerns."
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Air Pollution in Toronto and Beijing, 2008.
A comparison of solutions to air pollution problems in Toronto and Beijing.
1,649 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper comparatively examines the urban forms of Toronto and those of Beijing in the People's Republic of China. The paper particularly emphasizes the environmental problem of air pollution in both cities. The paper argues that the primary source of Beijing's air pollution today is the city's antiquated dependency upon coal as the fuel of choice for both personal use as well as for the vast industries situated near the city. The paper then shows how the solutions developed for the air pollution problem in Toronto could be applied to Beijing.
From the Paper
"One study of Beijing residents' views on this issue yielded surprising results. It was found that the citizens of Beijing proper (i.e., the core of the city, and its more built-up areas) were willing to pay a proposed tax for a reduction in the air pollution of Beijing. Interestingly enough, however, the case was very different in the suburban areas of the city, where residents were not as willing to pay for better air quality. It should be noted that there was a socio-economic difference between these two groups, with the urban dwellers being of a higher class and economic status. (Wang et al 196)."
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Group of Seven, 2008.
An analysis of how the artwork of the Canadian landscape painters known as the 'Group of Seven' is shaping Canadian national identity and landscape.
1,862 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the 'Group of Seven' and their relationship to the modern Canadian national identity. The paper examines the criticism of this traditional identity created by the art works and discusses how artists since then have followed, but also subverted this tradition. The paper suggests that the 'Group of Seven's' representations of Canada's wilderness in their paintings have became too 'traditional', that is to say rather than represent Canada, they are now used to construct and shape Canada and its landscape to resemble the paintings.
From the Paper
"The Group of Seven aimed at developing a truly Canadian artistic expression. In order to achieve this they turned towards Canadian landscape and wilderness as a source of inspiration. However, what they managed to develop an image that is only partially Canadian. The fact that they erased an important part of it, and thus helped developed an incomplete image of their country is the direct result of absence of aboriginal elements in their work. By this, I do not only mean a presence of aboriginal people and their lifestyle documented on the landscape paintings. The closed mind to the influence of traditional aboriginal culture is also obvious in the opus of Group of Seven. The truly Canadian artistic expression and the painting of Canadian wilderness cannot exclude the Native peoples. As such it should be the blend of the Western ideas with traditional culture. Some have argued (Campbell, 2003; Jessup, 2006) that the aboriginal art has bended under the influence of the settlers' art more than vice-versa, a fact that is a reflection of colonial policies and trends as shown in the examples of photographs. The line where the settlers and native culture mixes is the true source of images of Canada of that period. The neglect of the aboriginals and their culture in artistic presentation of wilderness has wilder connotations. Their culture is underrepresented in the Canadian museums and galleries. Considering that modern Canada is a multicultural country, continuation of this trend can once again paint a different Canadian Landscape."
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Irish Settlement in the United States and Canada, 2008.
A comparison of the historical nature of Irish migrant settlement in the United States and Canada.
2,322 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes and compares Irish migrant settlement in the United States and Canada in the nineteenth century. It looks at the traditional historical models for these respective settlements and suggests that they have tended to emphasize the urban nature of the American settlement and the rural nature of the Canadian one. The paper concludes, however, that the settlement patterns of the Irish immigrants are far more complex than these models suggest. The paper then analyzes and discusses these points.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Historical Tradition
Historical Debate and Dissent
The Value of Comparative Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In this comparative analysis of the settlement patterns of Irish immigrants in Canada and the United States, we have seen the importance of a detailed understanding of the historical debate. In both countries, it seems that the settlement patterns of the Irish immigrants followed precedents established by existing immigrant populations as the Irish settlement patterns and living conditions mirrored the often rural communities in which they settled. Thus, as historians agree, it is very difficult to generalize for Irish Canadians as a whole in this regard. Given that the United States was more urbanized than Canada, the Irish immigrants in this environment were likewise more urbanized, but not more so than other immigrant groups at this time. Indeed, their settlement patterns and living conditions - often hard, and working class, in the poorer areas of cities - seemed to mirror that of other immigrants in the United States in a similar way to the Irish immigrants' settlement patterns in Canada reflecting the communities in which they lived."
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Urban Pollution in Beijing and Toronto, 2008.
This paper compares the urban pollution problems of Toronto and Beijing by evaluating the consequences of different environmental forms and how each city is addressing this pollution.
1,450 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Beijing is very much a heavy industrial city dominated by fuel and material processing facilities with a high population density although signs of western-style suburbanization are appearing. The author points out that Toronto, which is cleaner and less dependent upon massive industrial works, is well-known for carefully weighing the implications of various urban design proposals upon local communities and has a less dense population; however, this city has the problem of more local vehicles causing far too much greenhouse emission. The paper stresses that China is not doing its part to combat global warming. The paper concludes that Beijing's infrastructure pales alongside Toronto's because its mass as a global "mega-city" makes it difficult for city planners to construct a city capable of comfortably accommodating its population.
From the Paper
"At this juncture, it is appropriate to look more closely at Toronto in terms of its urban build form and in terms of commonplace life-style activities in the city that have some environmental impact. Unsurprisingly, the habitation density in the outer part of the city is much lesser than it is within the interior. The buildings are more widely-spaced and more diminutive in height; there are also many plazas and these plazas tend to have small retail stores within their embrace that accommodate almost all of the needs of a local inhabitant. Finally, there is plenty of "green space" in this area."
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Mega-cities and Air Pollution, 2008.
This paper compares Toronto and Seoul's solutions to their problems of air pollution.
1,258 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
The paper examines Toronto and Seoul, South Korea and their air pollution problems as a result of growth and development in their respective countries. The paper explains that the main source of air pollution is cars and trucks. The paper also discusses how Toronto has emphasized public transit as a solution, while the government of Seoul has emphasized new technologies and the development of new methods of public transportation.
Outline:
Introduction
Toronto
Seoul
From the Paper
"The city of Toronto, with a population of 2.4 million people, lies at the heart of the Greater Toronto Area; an urban region with a total population of 4.6 million people. When environmental scientists and geographers discuss environmental questions for Toronto it is often necessary to take into consideration the megacity as a whole for issues of pollution and environmental impact are felt region-wide in such a sprawling urban environment. Indeed, as was noted in the urban cross-section that was conducted which compared and contrasted two urban forms in Toronto, the phenomenon of urban sprawl is a primary characteristic of the urban forms in Toronto. Moreover, transportation infrastructures were identified as key determinants of the urban forms in both the northern Toronto and downtown core areas, with the primary difference being the increased role of public transit in the downtown core."
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Nathan Phillips Square Research Proposal, 2008.
A research proposal regarding the re-design and renovation of Nathan Phillips Square of Toronto's City Hall.
1,940 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper represents a proposal for research concerning issues to be addressed in the current re-design process for Nathan Phillips Square, the setting for Toronto's City Hall and an iconic work of modern urban architecture. The paper points out that this redesign process is in response to a consensus that has been reached by city politicians and leading civic officials that the existing design of the square was not only flawed in its multiple revisions over time since the original construction, but also no longer reflects the urban vision of 21st century Toronto. The paper concludes that qualitative research methods used to gain insights into the views of neighbours of the space towards the redesign project would be invaluable in determining who would be likely users of the space, how should it operate within the Toronto community, and the most important design elements of the project.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Methods
Conclusion
From the Paper
"It is clear that in carrying out this research into the redesign of Nathan Phillips Square it would be necessary to consult with a diverse range of stakeholders. One major insight from the literature review is that often one research method is inadequate to fully explore all of the issues involved in a project as complex and politically and socially sensitive as the redesign of Toronto's icon Nathan Phillips Square. Three methods would be particularly effective given the nature of the project: ethnographic/participant analysis, qualitative interviewing, and focus groups."
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Canadian Black Immigrants and Inequality, 2008.
This paper discusses black immigrants, Canadian immigration policy
and the related inequality.
1,976 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer discusses that the patterns of immigration by blacks, and especially black women, over this century demonstrate discriminatory and preventive measures by the Canadian government. The paper relates that this pattern is best understood through the structural functional perspective because immigration policy is designed to ensure that Canadian society is of a certain type. The writer explains that the Canadian government permits certain quotas of immigrants into the country at specific times for labor needs. However, it also carefully controls immigration and prevents family formation. This paper argues that the intention of the Canadian government is and always has been to ensure that blacks and people of color would never be a dominant group and have access to power in the country.
From the Paper
"Immigration policy provided a means to cope with labour shortages while it also defined what is meant by a suitable permanent citizen. That definition was determined by race, ethnicity, class, and also by gender. Black women from the Caribbean were in the worst position. Black workers received half the pay for performing the same work as whites. For domestic workers, conditions went beyond discrimination since they had to endure intolerable conditions of no free time, unpaid overtime, and had to live in. The live-in requirement guaranteed that the women could not form families."
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Inequality and Immigration, 2008.
A discussion of the ways that inequality can be seen in immigration in Canada.
2,289 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper argue that inequality today can be seen represented primarily in immigration, that has been exploited for the purposes of the elite of society. The paper provides a theoretical exploration of inequality and then explores how inequality manifests itself in terms of immigration in Canada. It demonstrates how this manifestation of inequality serves the purposes of the powerful, usually leaders of business and various industries, in Canadian society as a means of controlling and dividing the labor market.
From the Paper
"This insight is important, as it allows us to understand the critical importance of vulnerability in the role of the immigrants in western economies. From this point of view, it is of critical importance that immigrants are both politically and economically vulnerable and dependent, for this ensures the docility of the immigrant labor force, as well as its potential to be used against indigenous labour in countries such as Canada. Through this process of "divide and rule" business interests influence the direction of government policies in areas such as the recognition of academic qualifications from non-Western sources. By the denial of recognition of these qualifications, business leaders ensure that the immigrant work force will remain docile and vulnerable to the influence of business for as long as possible. While we may acknowledge that immigrant entrepreneurs often succeed despite these barriers, this success does not deny the reality of the barriers themselves, and how they are used to foster inequality and the vulnerability of the immigrant work force in countries such as Canada."
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