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The Spadina Urban History Trail, 2007.
A look at the development of the Spadina District of Toronto in the context of the history of Toronto as a whole.
944 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the history of the Spadina District in the context of Toronto's history as a whole. It describes how the area developed over time and who the key agents were in the shaping of its development. The paper focuses on the district's development with regards to entrepreneurial development, in terms of both land developers and business development, immigration and transportation networks.
From the Paper
"Of course, the history of development in the Spadina district predates the arrival of the railway. Indeed, many of the defining features in the landscape of the area were established long prior to the appearance of the railway. The Spadina district was to the west of Toronto's primary area of settlement in the early 19th century, and its landscape was dominated by families such as the Baldwins - whose names figure on the streets in the area to this day - who "initially planned" the streets around Spadina from Queen St. up to Bloor St. (Careless 96). This was then primarily a residential area for Toronto's wealthy at the time and was dominated by "gentry estates" (Careless 96). However, population and economic forces led to these "large family homes with grounds" being broken up and subdivided into "almost ad-lib subdivisions" that "offered many small lots for lower-income homes" (Careless 96)."
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Crack Cocaine and Homelessness, 2007.
This paper explores crack addiction, mental illness and homelessness in Toronto and the treatment options available.
3,342 words (approx. 13.4 pages), 19 sources, APA, $ 95.95
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Abstract
The paper describes the incidence of crack cocaine addiction and its relation to mental illness and homelessness. The paper researches the treatment approaches in central Canada and compares them to the more varied, successful treatments and therapies in the United Kingdom and Europe. The paper notes Canada's resigned attitude towards a form of addiction that is considered 'untreatable' or 'hopeless'. The paper reveals the need for Canada to actively encourage crack addicts to attempt recovery, to learn more about different approaches to treatment and finally, adapt them to the Toronto environment.
Outline:
Introduction
Not Just Addiction
A Second Intervention
Towards a Different Approach
Concluding Discussion
From the Paper
"An important dimension of the problem is the coincidence of crack addiction and mental illness. Crack addicts often present symptoms of the mood disorders and psychosis in addition to those of the personality disorders found in almost 25 per cent. (Falck Et Al: 2004:504) In homeless patients, it can be difficult to determine a primary problem of mental illness or addiction. Many vagrant schizophrenics, for example, become addicted to crack just as crack cocaine induces symptoms of paranoid psychosis in persons without histories of mental illness. Through it all, homelessness remains a key determinant of addicts' health. (Fischer Et Al: 2005:252) Awareness of crack cocaine addiction in homeless populations enhances insight into why many homeless persons remain as they are, failing to take up occasional opportunities for housing."
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Toronto's Waterfront, 2007.
A research proposal to examine the issue of waterfront development in Toronto.
1,042 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a research proposal to examine Toronto's waterfront development and outlines the economic and social implications. The paper lists a number of questions for subsequent research to resolve. The paper concludes with the writer's firm contention that Toronto's dilemma needs to be resolved before Toronto can properly call itself a world-class city. A tentative bibliography is included with the paper.
From the Paper
"To begin with, Toronto's tourism industry is a large one that employs literally thousands of Torontonians and contributes many millions of dollars each year to the local economy. Consequently, if the waterfront is not attractive to visitors there is the distinct possibility that they may look to other locations more "in tune" with their aesthetic sensibilities. Secondly, Toronto is a quickly-expanding city that is gradually running out of readily-available land. Because of this, the city will either have to begin purchasing lands adjacent to it - at considerable cost - or it will have to begin finding new areas within its limits that can be utilized for industrial or - just as importantly - residential use. Finally, the topic is important for psychological reasons, as well. That is to say, Toronto is a city eager to show the world that it is a world-class metropolitan center. Clearly, making the waterfront more attractive to outsiders is obviously a first step towards achieving a greater status relative to its American and European counterparts. As a result, the issue is a vital one that any one concerned about the future of Toronto should take seriously."
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Sexual Harassment Policies, 2007.
This paper discusses sexual harassment policies in Canada and evaluates strategies of change.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that with the rise of the modern feminist movement in the late 1960s and 1970s, what had previously been considered tolerable, if not acceptable, behavior in the workplace began to be called into question - especially as it pertained to the matter of sexual harassment. With this in mind, this paper looks at the important issue of sexual harassment and examines what strategies have been pursued and continue to be pursued with regards to addressing this issue. The focus falls primarily upon Canadian organizations charged with protecting the interests of women in the workforce. The writer details why sexual harassment is such an important topic and discusses in brief four Canadian organizations ostensibly committed to fighting sexual harassment in the workplace and looks at the strategies they pursue towards this end. Finally, the paper concludes with an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the strategies apparently put forward by the above-mentioned organizations and notes what can be done differently to achieve the final aims of those preoccupied with bringing sexual harassment to an end.
From the Paper
"The first women's organization worthy of discussion is the Alberta Women Entrepreneurs organization - or the Alberta Women's Enterprise Initiative Association as it has historically also been called. A review of the organization's professional website reveals very little about the policies the AWE pursues in order to combat sexual harassment. For example, the home page contains links to popular events the organization puts on regularly with the goal of educating women about what skills and attitudes they need to be successful in an alleged "man's" world, but a careful review of the site does not reveal any specific policy initiatives vis-a-vis sexual harassment. Presumably, because the organization pursues an educational function above all else, at least some of the many events it stages each year discuss what women need to look for when they believe themselves to be the victims of sexual harassment . ."
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Anti-Racist Education in Ontario School Cultures, 2007.
A review of the policy of anti-racist education that has been introduced in Ontario, Canada.
3,473 words (approx. 13.9 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of anti-racist education that has been introduced in Ontario, Canada. It describes the historical context of the policy and discusses the possible positive and negative outcomes of adhering to it. The paper argues that school leaders need to do more than adhere to policy guidelines or the adages of public interest groups working to end racism's sway in society. Instead, the paper contends that school leaders must be able to approach anti-racist education creatively and in a manner that respects and encourages student and staff interest in difference while also stressing the reality of racism or discrimination.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Understanding the Historical Context
Racial 'Identity'
Proactive and Constructive School Cultures
Canadian Variations
Who is Responsible for Racism?
Generating a School Culture
Anti-racism and Multiculturalism
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"Anti-racism and anti-racist education should be operative ideals promoting a dynamic or spirit, within school settings, beyond a mere ideology of anti-racism. The term of 'inter-racism' mentioned earlier may be helpful towards a vision of desired diversity that is respectful and appreciative in its philosophy and idea of civil society. Educators, as ever, need to lead by example, and should engage in outreach to the surrounding community in ways providing information and activities to explain what a school promotes in its particular culture. Attention to specific histories is conducive to recognition, expanding anti-racism well beyond sloppy notions of 'white' or 'mainstream' versus the non-white or 'marginal', all the while cultivating a sensitivity to difference that may shape opportunity and life experience."
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Women in Islam, 2007.
A look at the attitudes towards married women in Islam.
1,343 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the treatment of married Muslim women who live under the dictates of Islamic law. In particular, it looks briefly at marital issues such as polygamy, feminine "modesty" in marriage (specifically the wearing of the traditional veil) and at the matter of domestic violence and whether the Koran specifically permits such acts. In addition, it discusses divorce as it exists under the tenets of the Koran and some time is devoted to the contentious issue of Sharia law and what it portends for Muslim women living in modern western states, specifically Canada.
From the Paper
"Additionally, the Koran does not encourage violence against wives - at least according to a small group of feminist scholars who have examined the Holy Text. Specifically, they cite Chapters XVI and LXXXI along with Chapter IV which all indicate that women are to be not be "ill-treated" and that relationships between men and women should be characterized by charity and sharing. Furthermore, the "Hadith" or "Sayings of the Prophets" emphasize that only "wicked men" insult women and that the "most perfect believers" were those who treated their wives compassionately. "
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Canadian Identity, 2007.
This paper explores how ice hockey represents Canada's national identity.
1,140 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that despite the notion of a national identity being threatened by both globalization and the apparent segmentation of Canada into smallish, disparate elements, it is evident that a Canadian culture still exists. The paper examines how ice hockey is typically associated by both Canadians and foreigners with Canada, the nation credited as its birthplace. The paper discusses how Canadians play hockey and enjoy watching it and it is also linked with society in terms of sport, relaxation, literature and fiction.
From the Paper
"The concept of a common national interest and Canadian identity in relation to any field is a tricky one in this current environment of thriving globalization. However, one can identity key national themes upon examining observers' perceptions of a national climate, for example the Canadian state. Many other countries identify Canada as being a country that is not only the home of maple syrup and the bearer of the red leafed flag, but the home of ice hockey, one of the globe's most popular and growing sports. This is despite the notion of a national identity being threatened by both globalization and the apparent segmentation of Canada into smallish, disparate elements, as evidence by the distinctiveness of Quebec society."
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The Gender Wage Gap, 2007.
An analysis of the gender wage gap in Canada according to the theories of Karl Marx and Max Weber.
2,149 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes what appears to be ensuring the continuation of the gender wage gap in Canada. It specifically analyzes the theories of Karl Marx and Max Weber in order to determine the differences between the genders and thus the reasons for the gender wage gap. The paper concludes that neither Marx nor Weber provide acceptable explanations for today's culture.
From the Paper
"Weber's theories also do not offer a blueprint for us to follow today. Weber saw the differences between men and women as natural, and would not have any problem with the gender wage gap. In fact, he would no doubt see it as normal and natural. Indeed, it follows from Weber's theories that - as sex differences are natural - so too are differences in type of work, and pay. Thus, the implication of accepting Weber's theories would be to simply accept the gender wage gap as reflecting the natural differences between men and women. It is argued that this is not at all acceptable today. Moreover, Weber would not have foreseen that men would play increasingly large roles in the lives of their children. If he were around today, he would find the idea of single fathers unbelievable, and also he would find the idea of working mothers (working in the paid work force) unbelievable."
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Immigration and its Impacts, 2007.
A look at the impact of immigration on the suburban landscape, through an abiotic, biotic and cultural analysis of a region of the Greater Toronto area.
2,008 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the "layers of the land" (abiotic, biotic and cultural) in a suburban neighborhood with a particular emphasis upon how issues seen in this neighborhood reflect larger processes currently being experienced in the Greater Toronto Area as a whole. The writer notes that perhaps the most important process being experienced in this area is the interaction between urban sprawl and the "suburbanization of immigration". The writer also points out that the population of the area appears to be in flux, as largely working- or middle-class immigrants of predominantly Asian and South-Asian descent are settling in the neighborhood in greater numbers. In this respect, it is shown how the profound biotic and cultural impacts upon the study area, reflect similar processes underway in the Greater Toronto Area and, in fact, in cities across North America today.
Outline:
Introduction
An A-B-C Analysis
Biotic and Cultural Factors: Conflict and the Suburban Landscape
Critical Analysis
From the Paper
"An abiotic analysis of the region is interesting as it reveals how the built environment of Toronto's suburbia has transformed the natural environment of the region. The weather of the neighbourhood reflects that of the Greater Toronto Area as a whole, and is marked by high seasonal variations from hot, humid summers to cold winters with considerable precipitation. The soil of the region is typical of the soil of Toronto in general in that it is characterized by a thick dark surface and a high proportion of organic matter. This renders the soil of the region particularly beneficial for plants and the growing of crops."
"Surprisingly, however, these abiotic limiting factors which would normally determine the quality and quantity of living things in a given region do not seem to be particularly significant factors in this neighbourhood. Indeed, except for trees, hedges and small plants - usually displayed for cosmetic purposes in residential settings - there is little sign of that the rich qualities of the soil are determining land uses in the area."
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Restorative Justice, 2007.
This paper discusses healing circles and Aboriginal sentencing circles in regard to restorative justice in Canada.
3,300 words (approx. 13.2 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that Canada is a unique society, in that the modern nation was created out of the conquest of the original inhabitants of the land - the Aboriginals. The writer maintains that it is possible to argue that this unique circumstance of our origins predicates a different approach to justice - at least with regards to the subjugated people. One suggested approach has been the use of restorative justice, as an alternative model to retributive justice. In this specific context, this would require the use of traditional Aboriginal restorative justice practices, including healing circles and Aboriginal sentencing circles. This paper introduces this topic with a broad overview of the key issues; describes healing circles and Aboriginal sentencing circles; evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of these circles; analyzes the implications for our current retributive system; and concludes with a critical analysis and general conclusions.
From the Paper
"All of this is clearly evident from the fact that the Aboriginal population is so over-represented in our prison systems. While Aboriginals comprise less than 2% of the Canadian population, they account for almost 10% of the population of federal incarceration facilities, and much greater percentages of the territorial and provincial institutions. It has also been noted that for Aboriginal sub-groups, such as youth and women, the percentages may be even more disproportionate. In an holistic sense, it would be wonderful to have a justice system that not only coped with the immediate problem of how we as a society deal with criminal offenders, but also contributed in a much more holistic sense to the greater good of our society as a whole."
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Canada and Prostitution, 2007.
An analysis of the laws in Canada regarding prostitution and sex-trade workers.
1,066 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the laws in Canada vis-a-vis prostitution and discusses whether or not these laws serve to shield sex trade workers from abuse and exploitation. It also discusses to whom prostitutes can turn if they require assistance. The paper then explores the options which might reduce pimping - or at least control it appreciably.
From the Paper
"Be that as it may, there are people and institutions to whom sex trade workers in Canada can turn even if the nature of their work compels them to work in shadowy locations with perfect strangers. For one thing, organizations like the Pivot Legal Society (located in Vancouver, British Columbia) exist to advance the interests and concerns of sex trade workers (Pivot Legal Society, 2006). There is also a down-town drop-in shelter for sex trade workers in Vancouver - a city which has long had a serious prostitution problem - that receives generous contributions from private business if not from local, provincial and federal governments (Spirit of Vancouver, 2003). Although information is surprisingly scant, one can surmise that similar shelters exist in other large Canadian metropolitan centers with prostitution problems - such as Toronto and Montreal. In any event, police services throughout Canada have not had a historically strong reputation for treating the concerns of prostitutes well - a situation which has necessarily led to the under-reporting of violent assaults against sex trade workers."
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Quebec Radical Cheerleaders, 2007.
This paper explores how the activities of the Toronto faction of the radical cheerleaders in Quebec City were both reactionary and revolutionary.
2,175 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that individuals and groups use civil disobedience to protest a wide range of issues raging from environmental pollution to political or social corruption. The paper looks at the activities of the Toronto faction of the Radical Cheerleaders during the anti-FTAA (Free Trade of the Americas Act) protests in Quebec City. The paper shows how the radical cheerleaders displayed a combination of reactionary and revolutionary characteristics.
From the Paper
"People all have interests and opinions. Groups of people and individuals tend to show a wide range of interests and opinions. In society some of these people's interests and opinions will receive a great deal of attention while others will be ignored or suppressed. People that do not have their interests meet or their opinions heard usually have to rely on alternative methods to make their voices heard. One of the more common ways is civil disobedience. Civil disobedience is defined as, "refusal to obey governmental commands especially as a nonviolent means of protest"(Anonymous 96)."
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