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| Term Paper # 104882 |
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Systematic Gender Inequality, 2008.
This paper reflects on Canadian gender inequalities in the workplace and asserts that a proactive approach in policy is needed in order to achieve positive change.
2,572 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper asserts that, although some gains have been made, women in Canada still have not achieved equality in the Canadian labour market. It is argued that this reflects a lingering, pervasive and in fact systemic inequality of the sexes within society. Furthermore, this essay advocates that policy changes should be made at federal and provincial government levels to encourage change. Specifically, the author argues that affirmative action, by way of quota policies, must be introduced and that childcare needs to be regarded by policy makers as being of paramount importance.
From the Paper
"On a simplistic level, the 1999 Workplace and Employee Survey tries to explain this differential by analysing its causes. For example, it found that 20% of the differential can be attributed to the fact that women primarily work in low-wage industries. Another 10% is attributed to the fact that women had on average 14 years of full-time experience, compared with 18 years of such experience for men. The latter is a socio-economic reality related to the demands of child-bearing, which are currently inadequately addressed by government policies. It was also found that the fact that more women worked for a part-time rate accounted for some 11% of the gap, as for obscure reasons, companies with a large part-time work force usually pay lower wages. Another 7% of the gap was attributed to 3 factors: the fact that women are less likely to work in self-directed teams (which are better-paid); the fact that fewer women work for foreign-owned companies, which pay higher wages; and the fact that less women work for wages that are tied to performance (which tends to result in higher pay) (Statistics Canada)."
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Did the US and Canada Betray the Jews?, 2008.
A look at the failure of Canada and the United States to respond to the crisis of European Jewry, 1938.
1,976 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the extent to which the leaders of the United States and Canada refused to consider the pleas of Jewish refugees for protection during World War II. The paper portrays the vitriolic anti-Semitism present in both countries but shows how the Canadian leadership was more anti-Semitic than President Roosevelt of the United States. The paper still concludes that both countries failed to respond to the plight of Jewish refugees during World War II.
From the Paper
"By 1938, few people with more than the most basic awareness of world events could doubt that Adolf Hitler represented a threat to the Jews of Europe. In February of that year, he assumed personal command of the German armed forces (Churchill 261). Days later, he invited Austrian Chancellor von Schuschnigg to Germany, and demanded what amounted to a capitulation of the Austrian government to the Austrian Nazi Party (Churchill, 262-65). It was clear that the Nazis intended to take over Austria, and that the Jewish population of Austria would be subjected to pogroms and expulsion (Gedye "Schuschnigg Visit" 4)."
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Diabetes: History and Background, 2008.
This paper informatively discusses diabetes in North America in term of its history, definition, types, prevalence and contributing factors.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper acknowledges that diabetes is a serious chronic, life-long disease that is one of the leading causes of death and disability in North America. The paper also relates that there are many long-term complications that can stem from this disease. The paper then goes on to discuss the long history of diabetes and the complications in treatment, the current definition of diabetes as a disorder of metabolism, along with the prevalence and distribution of the disorder between the types.
From the Paper
"Diabetes is a disorder of the metabolism. Our body breaks down food in glucose, a form of sugar, which is carried in the bloodstream and taken to cells in order to provide energy for them. In order for glucose to pass from the blood into the cells, insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, must be present. There are three types of diabetes: Type 1 diabetes, also called insulin-dependent or juvenile-onset; type 2 diabetes, also called noninsulin-dependent or adult onset; and gestational diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease as 'the immune system attacks the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas and destroys them. The pancreas than produces little or no insulin' (Matthews, 4). In this type of diabetes the symptoms appear suddenly and intensely. In Type 2 diabetes, the pancreas is producing enough insulin, but the body cannot use the insulin effectively. After some time, the production of insulin decreases. Hence this type of diabetes develops gradually, over several years. Gestational diabetes develops during pregnancy, and usually disappears after delivery, although the mother is at an increased risk of getting type 2 diabetes later in the life."
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Ontario Air Pollution, 2008.
A study on the economic impact of air pollution on Ontario.
1,410 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper states that there is no doubt that air pollution has an adverse impact on Ontario's economy with the most marked effect being on health care and lost time from work stemming from air pollution caused illness for both the ill person and the caregivers. The author points out that air pollution puts an added demand on Ontario's health care providers, which are already overburdened. The paper relates that the consequence is that the Ontarian taxpayer is paying more tax dollars to support this growing health care problem. The author also explores potential solutions to the problem.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Background and the Problem
Economics of Air Pollution
Potential Solutions and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Suzuki Foundation cites thee areas in which the government could have an impact on reducing air pollution: Tax shifting by taxing air polluters extra and adopting tax breaks for environmentally friendly practices; eliminating perverse subsidies as described above; and increasing investment in the environment to drive down the cost of energy renewable resources such as solar and wind power.
"However, our research shows that governmental intervention by the Canadians or Ontarians cannot solely solve the problem."
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Salloum's Defence of Multiculturalism, 2008.
A review of Habeeb Salloum's article "The other Canadians and Canada's future."
712 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses an article by Salloum, "The other Canadians and Canada's future," which reviews Canada's policy of multiculturalism. The paper relates that Salloum's article provides a historical review of the origins of the policy, and comments on how it has worked out in Canada. The author of the essay argues that Salloum's verdict is accurate.
From the Paper
"Salloum (1997) provides some interesting statistics, pointing out that non-French and non-British Canadians comprise 37.5 per cent of the Canadian population. These people are from many different ethnic groups, and many people see them as an unknown force in our society. Salloum (1997) is interested in assessing how these people view the future, and to this end, he reviews the history of multiculturalism in Canada. He notes that at the beginning of the 20th century, no one ever considered the notion of accommodating the ethnicities and culture of immigrants. On the contrary, immigrants were mercilessly victimized, putting enormous pressure on them to assimilate into the dominant culture. All this changed when Pierre Trudeau introduced multiculturalism as an official policy for Canada, setting up a system in which there would be one country, two languages, and many cultures. The basic idea was to treat other cultures respectfully, and in so doing to encourage immigrants to integrate well and become a supportive asset to the dominant culture."
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Poverty and Policy in Canada, 2008.
A look at the argument that Canada's public policy towards poverty is failing.
2,405 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper asserts that Canada's public policy towards poverty is failing miserably. To underscore this point, time is devoted to looking at what it means to be poor in the Toronto of 2007 (and, by extension, what it means to poor in Canada), who is suffering most, what Canada is doing to large numbers of its children, and what factors - particularly politically and socially - are thwarting efforts to get poverty back on the public agenda. Finally, with the bleak picture painted for all to see, the paper concludes by looking at some options that might reduce a social pox that threatens to grow worse, not better, in the years ahead. It contends that in the end, an educated and engaged citizenry is needed, capable of turning the political process back over to the people and away from self-interested elites.
From the Paper
"Poverty in Canada is measured in many ways - which may explain why we have yet to come up with a really unified means of dealing with it. As it stands, Canada has three primary measures of poverty: the Low Income Cut-offs or LICOs, the Low-Income Measure, and the Market Basket Measure (Raphael, 37). Of the various Low-Income Cut-Offs the government has at its disposal, the pre-tax LICOs seem to be the most efficacious at assessing poverty rates - mostly, it seems, because the post-tax measures are widely perceived by poverty rights advocates as artificially lowering the poverty rate in this country so that government negligence is less apparent (Raphael, 41)."
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Globalization and Immigration in Canada, 2008.
An analysis of the impact of globalization in terms of the immigrant population of the Greater Toronto Area.
2,208 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on the impact of globalization upon the geography of population in urban and suburban Toronto, with specific reference to how it has transformed immigration to Canada and immigrant settlement in this region in particular. The thesis is argued that the impact of globalization and immigration in this regard has been mixed: on the one hand fostering economic growth and the creation of a multicultural society, while on the other increasing social and economic inequality leading to the concentration and segregation of immigrant populations within urban spaces. Beginning first with an outline of globalization and its relationship to immigration, the paper explores in greater detail the impact of these phenomena upon the local geographies of immigrant settlement in the urban and suburban areas of the Greater Toronto region.
From the Paper
"In this analysis, in order for Canada to meet the competitive demands of the globalized economy, it had to increase the number of immigrants for its labour force. Given the increasing prosperity of the traditional source countries in Europe, immigrants were increasingly drawn from non-traditional source countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America. The results of this are apparent in the increasing multicultural population of the city of Toronto. However, scholars have also noted how immigration has played a critical role in not only allowing the labour force to (re)produce itself generationally - in complementing the deficit from declining fertility levels - but also in introducing new skill sets and foreign capital to the economy. "
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Are Women Discriminated Against in the Labor Market?, 2008.
A discussion regarding working women in Canada.
1,403 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how women have fought against discrimination and found a place for themselves within all areas of society, thereby becoming more empowered than ever before. The paper then argues that, although many things have changed for women in the last century, the full equality between the genders has not yet been achieved. Specifically, this paper argues that that women are discriminated against in the labour market and that this discrimination is manifested in several ways.
From the Paper
"In the last fifty years or so, our society has made unprecedented strives towards improving the status of women. Women have been relentless in fighting discrimination against the female gender, carving a place for themselves within the business, educational, professional and political arenas of the society. As a result, today, women have much more power then ever before. This is reflected in the area of work. More than half of the labour force is made up of women (Brym, 1995). However, the participation of women in the workforce has also become an economic necessity, because there are less secure full-time jobs and many families today need the dual income. Although many things have changed for women in the last century, the full equality between the genders has not yet been achieved. This essay will argue that women are discriminated against in the labour market. The discrimination is manifested in several ways. First, women are still paid less then men for corresponding jobs. Second, they still form the major part of part-time and temporary workforce. Women are segregated into certain 'female' professions and they are underrepresented in other professions. Women concentrated in jobs stereotyped as "women's jobs" (nursing, clerical child care, retail). They are poorly presented in science, computer science and engineering occupations, which are often very prestigious and well paid. Fourth, more prestigious positions with power are still mainly reserved for men as women often encounter the 'glass ceiling'. Finally, women often do 'second shift' of housework at home, which is unpaid and undervalued. This job inequality is rooted in the broader social inequality, which separates boys and girls from an early age, and which still sharply defines male and female roles with the family and society at large."
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Christianity and North America, 2008.
Argues that Christianity impacted and continues to impact North American culture in unique ways.
2,305 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although both Canada and the United States, to varying degrees, have renounced their Christian heritages, their basic natures are what they are because of the influence of, or as a reaction against, Christianity. The author points out that, in Canada, the historical evolution of Quebec and English-speaking Canada can be traced to its Christian heritage and the dramatic secularization of Quebec in particular can be traced to a rejection of that heritage. The paper relates that, for the United States, even though America has always been a fairly secular society in a formal, legal sense, it does have, and has always had, a religious element responsible for thrusting into the public spotlight social issues, which compel Americans to take sides and to engage in the pressing concerns of the day.
From the Paper
"Starting first with the similarities between the two nations, it is evident that both Canada and the United States have a much more modest role for God in public life than is to be found in many other countries. For instance, just as jurists in Canada treat the 1982 Canadian Constitution's reference to God in its preamble as vestigial and thus prefer a form of jurisprudence that has frequently sought to de-Christianize public space in the Dominion, American jurists have also taken to employing an aggressive form of jurisprudence, founded in the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment, that holds the use of the word "God" in the Pledge of Allegiance to be unconstitutional."
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Canada-American Relations, 2008.
Looks at Canadian-American relations during the Cold War.
2,540 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that, most of the time, Canada was a loyal ally of the U.S. during the first three decades of the Cold War. The paper also argues, however that, in the period from 1968 to 1975, Canada deviated from America in substantial ways because of a more belligerent form of nationalism and because of the desire of Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau to carve for himself a distinctive path in Canadian political history. The paper concludes that Canada may have failed to "tow the line" on occasion, but its record as an ally of Washington's is a strong one, especially during the late 1940s, 1950s and most of the 1960s.
From the Paper
"In the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s, Canada's contribution to continental air security extended beyond simply being a welcome cushion for America in the event of an all-out war. Firstly, Canada erected, maintained and operated the Mid-Canada or McGill Radar Warning Line - an installation that paralleled the complex US Pine Tree System. The existence of the Mid-Canada Radar Warning Line says a couple things about Canada during this period: firstly, it says that Canada was willing to expend large sums of money on a defense project that would benefit America as well as the Dominion."
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Canadian Retirement Pensions, 2008.
This paper looks at the Canada Pension Plan and Old Age Security pension that are relevant for Canadian workers.
829 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at why the Canada Pension Plan (CPP) and Old Age Security pension were brought into existence and explores additional, pertinent acts at the provincial level. The paper then discusses how retirees can ensure they receive CPP/employee benefits and concludes by looking at how the federal acts impact other, provincial acts. The paper highlights the importance of understanding the pension process in Canada and its dynamics.
From the Paper
"To begin with, the Canada Pension Plan and the Old Age Security Pension were both established because it was evident by the early war years that something needed to be done to assist the elderly in their declining years; in particular, these men and women simply did not have enough money to ensure themselves a comfortable, or even adequate, standard of living after retirement. With that in mind, 1951 saw section 94A added to the British North American Act (now the Constitution Act, 1867). The new addition stated that the federal government could enact laws pertaining to old age pensions along as the legislation did not affect laws administered in the provinces. One year later, courtesy the new powers granted under section 94A, the universal Old Age Security Program was put into place, but only for Canadians aged 70 and above."
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