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Christianity and North America, 2008.
Argues that Christianity impacted and continues to impact North American culture in unique ways.
2,305 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although both Canada and the United States, to varying degrees, have renounced their Christian heritages, their basic natures are what they are because of the influence of, or as a reaction against, Christianity. The author points out that, in Canada, the historical evolution of Quebec and English-speaking Canada can be traced to its Christian heritage and the dramatic secularization of Quebec in particular can be traced to a rejection of that heritage. The paper relates that, for the United States, even though America has always been a fairly secular society in a formal, legal sense, it does have, and has always had, a religious element responsible for thrusting into the public spotlight social issues, which compel Americans to take sides and to engage in the pressing concerns of the day.
From the Paper
"Starting first with the similarities between the two nations, it is evident that both Canada and the United States have a much more modest role for God in public life than is to be found in many other countries. For instance, just as jurists in Canada treat the 1982 Canadian Constitution's reference to God in its preamble as vestigial and thus prefer a form of jurisprudence that has frequently sought to de-Christianize public space in the Dominion, American jurists have also taken to employing an aggressive form of jurisprudence, founded in the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment, that holds the use of the word "God" in the Pledge of Allegiance to be unconstitutional."
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Canada-American Relations, 2008.
Looks at Canadian-American relations during the Cold War.
2,540 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that, most of the time, Canada was a loyal ally of the U.S. during the first three decades of the Cold War. The paper also argues, however that, in the period from 1968 to 1975, Canada deviated from America in substantial ways because of a more belligerent form of nationalism and because of the desire of Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau to carve for himself a distinctive path in Canadian political history. The paper concludes that Canada may have failed to "tow the line" on occasion, but its record as an ally of Washington's is a strong one, especially during the late 1940s, 1950s and most of the 1960s.
From the Paper
"In the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s, Canada's contribution to continental air security extended beyond simply being a welcome cushion for America in the event of an all-out war. Firstly, Canada erected, maintained and operated the Mid-Canada or McGill Radar Warning Line - an installation that paralleled the complex US Pine Tree System. The existence of the Mid-Canada Radar Warning Line says a couple things about Canada during this period: firstly, it says that Canada was willing to expend large sums of money on a defense project that would benefit America as well as the Dominion."
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Canadian Retirement Pensions, 2008.
This paper looks at the Canada Pension Plan and Old Age Security pension that are relevant for Canadian workers.
829 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at why the Canada Pension Plan (CPP) and Old Age Security pension were brought into existence and explores additional, pertinent acts at the provincial level. The paper then discusses how retirees can ensure they receive CPP/employee benefits and concludes by looking at how the federal acts impact other, provincial acts. The paper highlights the importance of understanding the pension process in Canada and its dynamics.
From the Paper
"To begin with, the Canada Pension Plan and the Old Age Security Pension were both established because it was evident by the early war years that something needed to be done to assist the elderly in their declining years; in particular, these men and women simply did not have enough money to ensure themselves a comfortable, or even adequate, standard of living after retirement. With that in mind, 1951 saw section 94A added to the British North American Act (now the Constitution Act, 1867). The new addition stated that the federal government could enact laws pertaining to old age pensions along as the legislation did not affect laws administered in the provinces. One year later, courtesy the new powers granted under section 94A, the universal Old Age Security Program was put into place, but only for Canadians aged 70 and above."
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Quiet Sweatshops in Canada, 2008.
A descriptive look at the mistreatment of workers in the garment industry in Canada.
2,207 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
The paper is a comprehensive description of the problems facing the garment industry in Canada with specific relation to the ill treatment and exploitation of employees. The paper further delves into the reasons for mistreatment and indicates how the situation in Canada differs from that found elsewhere in the world.The paper calls on Canadian citizens to rectify the situation.
From the Paper
"As Canadians, we like to think that many of the world's problems do not affect us. Things like sweatshops, human rights violations, human smuggling, gross gender inequalities and racism - all of these things are characteristics of other nations but not our nation. Unfortunately, that is not the case. For instance, a study done a few years ago found that homeworkers in Toronto earned as little as $2 per hour. In fact, the research of Dr. Roxana Ng found that homeworkers were not being paid overtime, were working longer hours each week than the average employee, were not receiving vacation pay, were plagued by back, knee, and shoulder problems for which they were receiving no compensation, and - in most instances - were earning between $6 and $8 per hour. Finally, and this might be the most disagreeable finding of all, Ng uncovered that the piece rate of these homeworkers was actually reduced as their productivity increased ("Sweatshop Labour," 14). Simply put, even though we pride ourselves on being a nation with minimum wage standards and with a high regard for basic human rights, the stark reality is that there are large numbers of Canadians being exploited even now by unscrupulous business people."
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The Land Use Trend of Urban Sprawl, 2008.
A media representation and scholarly analysis of the land use trend of urban sprawl in the Greater Golden Horseshoe region of Ontario, Canada.
1,949 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper examines a number of media discussions of urban sprawl in the Greater Golden Horseshoe region of Ontario, Canada, in the context of scholarly analyses of this phenomenon. The paper argues that urban sprawl must be understood in terms of an economic geography analysis. It claims that this perspective would not only explain the factors contributing to this trend, but also explain its costs in environmental terms. The paper also discusses the implications for continuing change in land use and economic development in terms of Weberian locational principles. The paper contains appended original sources.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Media Representations of Urban Sprawl
Media in Context: The Scholarly Literature
Solutions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"As we have seen, while the media representation of urban sprawl in the Greater Golden Horseshoe region have generally focused on environmental issues or associated political questions, there has been little attention paid to the broader economic forces that have shaped this land use trend. Through a review of scholarly literature combined with lecture material, it has been demonstrated how we must understand this phenomenon in terms of economic geography to appreciate its historical development as well as how the unchecked acceleration of this process risks increasing transportation costs and thereby - as Weberian locational behavior principles would suggest - undermining the economic future of the entire region. Thus, the necessity for government as a player in this process becomes clear, although the history of planning on this issue would suggest that viable solutions to the problem must incorporate a significant role for market forces as primary elements of change in the future of the region."
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Residential 'Indian' Schools in Quebec, 2008.
An analysis of the purpose and impact on families of residential 'Indian' schools in Quebec.
4,594 words (approx. 18.4 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 119.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how residential schooling affected Aboriginal or Inuit women in Quebec. The paper begins by describing Quebec's First Nations and how the white population related to them. It then discusses Quebec's residential 'Indian' schools, their ideology and peculiarity. The paper also describes the original purposes of these schools and the impacts that they had on families.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Contemporary Issues
Quebec's First Nations
Quebec Residential 'Indian' Schools
Ideology and Particularity
Assimilation versus Other Motivations
Impacts upon Families
Last Remarks
From the Paper
"Cultural revival, as a positive set of developments among Aboriginal Canadians across Canada, has had different imprints upon Aboriginal women, Native womanhood of yore universally glorified, little room left for the reality of Native women whose families, by choice, were indeed Christians, their ways of life different, those for whom the attendance of residential school could involve relatively little adjustment, some of their experiences of school remarkably positive towards continuing involvement in Roman Catholic, Anglican or other Christian activities. For instance, Kim Anderson's scholarship is a contribution to explaining patterns of Aboriginal society as could be effectively removed by experiences such as residential education in schools that did reject the culture from which students came. (2000) However, where are the stories of thousands of Aboriginal women in particular and especially those of Quebec? Is the testimony of women who were not traumatized by their experiences of boarding school of no significance? What of those sent to parochial schools by their families in keeping with other Quebecois women? Where are their stories of residential education? What do they now recommend for the education of Aboriginal youth? Why are these quite usual and numerous Aboriginal Canadians invisible in the literature of Native Studies?"
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Gentrification and Counter-Gentrification, 2008.
An analysis of the implications of gentrification and counter-gentrification in Kensington Market in Toronto.
1,263 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the process of gentrification and counter-gentrification in a particular Toronto neighborhood, known as Kensington Market. It argues that counter gentrification is currently a very powerful force in Kensington Market. It suggests that Kensington Market is too popular of an area to remain unaffected by gentrification and that it is also quite possible that counter-gentrification may unintentionally create the perfect conditions for gentrification to take hold.
Table of Contents:
Kensington Market
Car Free Sundays and the Anti-Corporate Movement
Are Counter Gentrification Forces Being Successful
Counter Gentrification Becoming a Force of Gentrification
Conclusions
Appendix
From the Paper
"The resistance to this store was led by a performance artist going by the name Reverend Billy and his church of Church of Stop Shopping. In essence this group preformed a very large performance piece in front of the Freshmart. This brought a great deal of negative publicity to the Freshmart (Shiff 2004: 1). The goals of these activities were to make life difficult for corporate businesses so they might close down. It also serves as a disincentive to corporate businesses so that they are less likely to set up operations in Kensington Market."
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NAFTA: Does Trade Equal Prosperity?, 2008.
An argument that the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has failed to improve the standards of living for North American citizens.
1,550 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper contends that the 'benefit' of increased trade has failed to usher in a new era of prosperity, of higher incomes, more jobs and better standards of living for all North American citizens. The paper asserts that the assumption that NAFTA would naturally benefit the economy, merely through the activity of an unimpeded and less-restricted market, was ultimately naive. The paper shows how although NAFTA has delivered an increase in trade, wages have not increased, social programs have been cut, working conditions have become worse and employment rates have risen.
From the Paper
"Much has been said about the positive effects of the North American Free Trade Agreement for all of the countries involved, during the time since its original inception. The benefits to trade have been especially lauded, as have other, perhaps originally unintended effects, such as the increased security of borders between the North American partner countries in a time of concern about terrorism. The agreement has also had its critics, however, in Canada, the U.S. and Mexico--critics who argue that the perceived benefits of NAFTA are far outweighed by its costs. Interestingly, critics in each of the countries involved find arguments to reason that their own country has suffered losses due to NAFTA, when one might expect that the less economically and politically powerful countries, Mexico and, to a lesser extent, Canada, would have suffered all of the negative consequences, while the USA would certainly have seen the benefits. This does not seem to be the case, and it is for this reason that it is not possible to portion out the costs and benefits of NAFTA in an absolute way. "
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Link between the Canadian and American Economies, 2008.
A discussion of the link between the Canadian and American economies, specifically with regard to the US current account deficit.
813 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the spread of the global economy and the greater dependence that the Canadian economy now has on the United States economy. It discusses the foreign investment markets for Canada and looks at the view of the United States with regards to it current account deficit. Finally the paper lists some of the actions that the United States can take for which Canada must be prepared.
From the Paper
"While many analysts predict a fairly painless global adjustment once the US current account seeks a more equitable balance, the increasing uncertainty in the market seems to betray a growing fear of a sudden and profound systemic shock. Researchers point out that the US is currently the greatest investment vehicle for most of the world's leading economies with its current account deficit standing at -22% of GDP (The 1). Yet, framing the current account in this manner does not accurately represent the true disparity in the US economy as opposed to those of its foreign counterparts such as Canada. The US basically considers deficits normal between most of its trading partners and this is definitely the case with Canada. However, this gap is even more severe when examined in relation to specific countries such as China that have created an export economy through the financing US spending: "The United States runs a current account deficit of more than $600 billion per year...foreign central banks...have made substantial purchases of U.S. government bonds to add to their foreign exchange reserves" (Clarida par.3)."
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CANADA - The Niagara Escarpment Plan, 2008.
An outline of the requirements and forward plans necessary to protect the natural environment in Canada's Ontario District.
845 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
The papers discusses Canada's environmental land use plan known as the Niagara Escarpment biosphere reserve and details the seven designated areas in the plan. The paper continues with the plans and objectives to be achieved for these particular areas and addresses the necessity for protecting the environment and agricultural areas.
From the Paper
"The core and buffer areas cover 92 percent of the area, and the transition areas are where more intense development is allowed for another 8 percent of the area. The objectives of the Plan are noted in the legislation passed to facilitate it:
(a) to protect unique ecologic and historic areas;
(b) to maintain and enhance the quality and character of natural streams and water supplies;
(c) to provide opportunities for outdoor recreation;
(d) to maintain and enhance the open landscape, allowing for compatible farming or forestry and for preserving the natural scenery;
(e) to make all new development compatible with the purpose of this Act;
(f) to provide for adequate public access to the Niagara Escarpment; and
(g) to support municipalities within the Niagara Escarpment Planning Area as they exercise their planning functions as conferred upon them by the Planning Act. "
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Poem: John B. Lee's "Hockey Heart", 2008.
An analysis of John B. Lee's poem, "Hockey Heart".
1,810 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that John B. Lee's poem, "Hockey Heart" reflects the Canadian spirit towards hockey, not simply as a sport for the nation, but as a way of life. The paper goes on to discuss the significance of the opening line of the poem, how Lee is able to capture the very personal relationship to hockey that each Canadian has even though it is an activity held dear by all Canadians, and the effective use of images in the poem. The paper concludes that Lee's poem "Hockey Heart" is like a national anthem, in that it is identifiable to those who had played and loved hockey.
From the Paper
"Lee's hockey player however is the most committed boy of the bunch: he is "always the last to leave" a game. In each Canadian child hockey player's mind, they are the most passionate about the sport, and usually the most adept, committed player. However, Lee's hockey player is revealed here to be not only a committed player but the most romantic and dedicated one. The fact that he is the last to leave shows that he is the one who lags around after the game, reflecting on the game, his performance and his love of the sport."
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The Real Home, 2008.
This paper analyzes the autobiography "Running in the Family" by Michael Ondaatje.
2,147 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the theme and construction of home in "Running in the Family", an autobiography by Michael Ondaatje. The paper explains how, although Ondaatje's home is both in Canada and Sri Lanka, his autobiography revolves primarily around his life in Sri Lanka. The paper highlights Ondaatje's stronger connection to his Sri Lankan upbringing and home, although it is in sharp contrast to his Canadian lifestyle today.
Outline:
Introduction
Running in the Family and "Home"
Conclusion
From the Paper
"To Ondaatje, his home, Sri Lanka, seems a foreign thing, at least at the outset of the book. Living in Canada and thinking about a return to his home country, Ondaatje observes that the word "Asia" has none of the "clipped sound(s)" (22) of words such as Europe, America and Canada. As a Canadian citizen, Ondaatje must necessarily look at his home country through the tinted veil of a Westerner's glance at a strange, Eastern country. However, whilst Canada has become Ondaatje's adoptive home, his origins are still in Sri Lanka, Asia. From the very beginning, Ondaatje makes his construction of his birth home known. He expresses the irony he feels towards his home country by his feelings towards how the word "sounds" - for example, "the name (Asia) was a gasp from a dying mouth. An ancient word that had to be whispered, would never be used as a battle cry" (22). In other words, to Ondaatje, Asia has none of the modern grandeur of Western countries and Europe; it is an old place, irrelevant in today's time. Even the sound of the word is weird - "the vowels took over, slept on the map with the S" (22)."
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