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Cohabitation, Divorce and Stepfamilies, 2008.
This paper discusses cohabitation, divorce and stepfamilies based on the book "The Family" by Ross. J. Eshleman.
995 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on cohabitation, divorce and stepfamilies. The paper discusses each of these issues in relation to the impact that it has on the individuals within society and the facts that are connected to the life events. The paper uses the work of Ross Eshleman to explore each of these concerns, with the research offering facts that are connected to the most current state of cohabitation, divorce and stepfamilies
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Cohabitation
Divorce
Stepfamilies
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Eshleman (2003) states that all 50 states in the nation have divorce laws that are specific to the state . According to Eshleman (2003), the most common grounds for divorce include "breakdown of marriage. Incompatibility, cruelty, desertion...[or] irreconcilable differences." Children within a marriage will tend to have an affect on whether or not a divorce is pursued if the children are in their preschool years and born during the marriage. However, when children have been born previous to the marriage or are in the teen years the impact that they have on divorce in increased."
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The Impact of Divorce on Children, 2008.
An examination of the major ways in which the divorce of parents can impact the life of children.
1,591 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper examines that impact that the divorce of parents has on the children of the family. It discusses the issues that children face from a social perspective and it illustrates some of the ways in which children can be negatively impacted by the trauma of divorce. The paper concludes that, if not managed properly, divorce can cause significant psychological and social impacts on the affected children for years to come.
From the Paper
"This finding was confirmed through an extensive twenty-five year study of children who experienced the divorce of their parents and then grew into adulthood, periodically returning to work with the research team to chart their psychosocial development. The study found that the immediate effects of divorce on children were not nearly so significant as the long-term effects, particularly when those children grew old enough to want to try to develop intimate relationships. Anxiety and fear of loss complicated these attempts, very often undermining the chances for interpersonal success and personal satisfaction (Benham 15). From another point-of-view, it would seem that the greatest impact on children from divorce is the long-term effects on the ability of those children to become fully self-reliant adults (Corak 712). It would seem that the specter of the divorce lingers with many of those children for decades, at least, affecting behavior and opportunities for happiness with other people."
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Low Self-Esteem and Teen Marijuana Use, 2008.
This paper discusses the connection between low self-esteem and the use of drugs, in particular marijuana.
1,200 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that teen use of illegal drugs such as marijuana is high, and appears to be on the increase, in the West. It is suggested that this is because many teens have poor self-esteem, and therefore they are likely to turn to destructive behaviours, such as using marijuana and other illicit substances. This essay draws on research to show that this is a valid explanation for the high incidence of marijuana use by teens in the West. The writer maintains that it seems very likely that low self-esteem can lead to substance abuse in teenagers. The writer concludes that increased use of marijuana among teens in the West is partly a result of the fact that many teens have poor self-esteem.
From the Paper
"Similar studies by other researchers have yielded similar results for girls. For example, several studies indicate that girls who have self-esteem and body image issues can turn to drugs. Unfortunately, such self-esteem and body image issues are wide spread in adolescent girls. One study showed that many girls go through a dramatic transition in early adolescence, and that this transition is characterized by issues around body image and low self-esteem. To make matters worse, research has turned up the unsurprising finding that girls with low self-esteem find it harder to cope with the usual stressors of adolescence. Similarly to the research with boys, researchers have found that pre-adolescent girls with low self-esteem are much likelier to abuse drugs by the time they reach the age of 15. Thus, the age of beginning to use drugs such as marijuana appears to be older than girls - but nevertheless, like boys, there seems to be a link between low self-esteem and marijuana and other illicit drug use."
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Parental Discipline, 2008.
This paper discusses the perils of spanking as a disciplinary method.
1,522 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that as recently as the 1950s, parents were fierce champions of spanking as a form of child discipline. The writer then points out that since then, a large crop of studies on child psychology has surfaced, with a considerable number of them concluding that spanking breeds detrimental results, and that non-physical discipline is far more likely to cement the desired long-term positive behavior. The writer argues that Sally Lieber's proposed bill, even if it never passes into law, opens up a topic that many parents do not wish to discuss. The writer concludes that it is hoped that this discussion, which aimed to pinpoint some of the sexual and behavioral risks involved in the practice of spanking children, will entice one to abandon this undignified and humiliating practice.
From the Paper
"Children, naturally, imitate the behavior of elders and authority figures, and caregivers must remember that their sons and daughters will one day become husbands and wives, mothers and fathers, etc: that is, the children will likely imitate the behavior of their own parents when they, too, have children of their own. The family, then, is entrusted with instructing a child in life skills, and one's ability to deal with conflict in one of the more important of these skills. As such, kids who learn to address conflicts with the use of the open hand or clenched fist are, consequently, more likely to develop aggressive or violent behavior. What more, spanking sends a clear message about human relationships, and that message will likely include the understanding that it is perfectly justifiable for the strong to intimidate and dominate the physically weak, the small, or the helpless ..."
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The Complexities of the Family Unit, 2008.
A look at the changes in family structure seen in American society today.
759 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the changing nature of the American family. Specifically, the paper looks at the complexities of cohabitation, divorce and step-families with an eye towards outlining what precipitates the first two and what dangers accompany the latter. In the final analysis, it is fairly evident that the American family now encompasses a wider range of arrangements than ever before - and this presents both opportunities for people who might not be happy in a traditional family structure, as well as dangers that were far less common when the nuclear family was the predominant social unit.
From the Paper
"Examining the available evidence collected by Eshleman, it seems clear that different cultures have different ideals vis-a-vis non-traditional relationships among adults. To wit, Puerto Ricans tend to be much more accepting of non-marital cohabitations while Mexican Americans cleave faithfully to the marriage ideal (Eshleman, 2000, p.288). Suffice it to say, if a society is not receptive to non-marital cohabitation, this can place great pressures upon the couple - and can create an uncomfortable situation for any children they may have. Be that as it may, Eshleman (2000) points out on page 151 of his text that non-marital cohabitation is becoming increasingly accepted in the western world and may emerge as a permanent, legitimate alternative to traditional marriage. Certainly, cohabitation seems to offer practical financial benefits, sexual benefits, and a measure of privacy that few other arrangements can match. Additionally, cohabitating couples are much more likely to keep their finances separate (this can be considered a practical financial benefit), are more likely to express low levels of commitment to the relationship, and tend to break up more readily (Eshleman, 2000, p.152 and 155). Clearly, if children are involved, there is a distinct possibility they will find themselves in a one-parent home at some point simply because the parental imperative to stay together is not nearly so strong."
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Suicide: The Social Context, 2008.
This paper explores how suicide is viewed in the context of cultural boundary transgressions.
2,517 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how suicide is imagined to be a transgression of cultural boundaries and the sanctity of life. The paper then questions if there can be a suicide that does not transgress cultural boundaries. The paper also considers how suicide is situated within the cultural definitions and constructions of death that dominate various cultural settings. The paper reviews the relevant literature and concludes that a suicide must always be a transgression of cultural boundaries since it has only as much cultural importance as is granted to the act by the norms and prescriptions of the larger social context.
From the Paper
"Suicide speaks to the nature of our cultural boundaries and our implicitly agreed upon notions of death and dying. Implicitly, there seems to be a common thread that runs through diverse cultures condemning the practice of suicide. When openly discussed, few non-reflexive cultural texts consider suicide to be a laudable act. There are, of course, exceptions. Kelleher provides Biblical examples of military suicides that are presented in a positive light after the shame of defeat, and all but praises the use of suicide--via hunger strikes--for political purposes (Kelleher 9-11). But outside of fairly narrow exceptions, suicide is imagined to be a transgression of cultural boundaries and the sanctity of life."
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Children and Divorce, 2008.
This paper classifies the various children's age groups and their emotional dispositions in relation to marital divorce.
861 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at preschool years (3/5), elementary school years (6-11) and early-late adolescent years (11-18 years) and their different reactions and emotive responses to marital divorce in modern society. The paper shows how younger children do not often conceptualize the problem of marriage and often blame themselves. The paper then explains how elementary school children and adolescents become more reliant on peer groups and social institutions outside of the family, which provides a deeper understanding of the divorce.
From the Paper
"The early and late adolescent period is often part of the successive ways in which youth become able to completely and objectively interpret the divorce. The reliance on internal thinking has now become less abstracted, and the divorce can be seen with greater clarity. For the youth, the greater social networks through peer relationships has widened, marking a change in how the divorce is perceived. Often, the more independent nature of the youth's perspective can create more discourse about the divorce, which changes the way that parents must communicate with their children. Modern research studies often describe this form of 'individuation' that arises through the adolescent's ability to find other sources of social interaction other than the family unit."
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| Term Paper # 103986 |
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The Family in the People's Republic of China, 2008.
An analysis of the changes that occurred to the family unit with from the Communist Revolution in 1949 through much of the 20th century.
1,589 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the changes that occurred to the traditional Chinese extended family with the Communist Revolution of 1949 that produced the People's Republic of China (PRC). It suggests that the sense of ongoing reliance on the family in the PRC offers to millions of citizens fewer social benefits or overall security than what they were used to in the past. It specifically discusses the changes induced through much of the 20th century in World War II, the Revolution and forced collectivization, political coercion, the Cultural Revolution and the death of Mao.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Family Size and Structure
Personal Orientations
Predictions
Concluding Notes
From the Paper
"Understanding change in the Chinese family in the Reform Era involves examining changes induced through much of the preceding 20th century in adjustments to World War II, the Revolution, and forced collectivization, political coercion, the Cultural Revolution and the death of Mao. Reform's shift towards capitalist development has evoked tremendous institutional changes in a PRC where much else remains the same, as in the urban-rural divide mentioned earlier that is said to be accentuated by rapid economic growth now afoot. Between the lines one sees a very large sector quite harshly affected and for whom the family will be the needed mooring in an unpredictable economic environment. One also sees that the family may change but does not dissolve, adapting to present circumstances that are legal and cultural as much as economic towards an altered Chinese family that remains just as important than before and certainly more than the individualism associated with capitalist development, elsewhere."
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Gay Adoption, 2008.
This paper argues against the myth that gay adoptions are dangerous to children.
1,205 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the opponents of rights for gays and lesbians claim that gays and lesbians are not merely unsuitable as potential adoptive parents but also entirely immoral. The author underscores that, overwhelmingly, the opposition to adoption by gays and lesbians is based on religious arguments. The paper relates that, although opponents of homosexual adoption have long tried to make a case that a child raised by a homosexual couple is at greater risk than a child raised by "straight" parents, serious research to support this is virtually non-existent. The author stresses that there is overwhelming scientific support, from such authorities as the American Psychological Association and the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, that gays are entirely suitable as adoptive parents.
From the Paper
"Despite these studies, there are bitter opponents of gay adoption, and it is notable that a tiny group of people remain dedicated to the idea that there is a "scientific" basis for opposition to gay adoption. One of the most credentialed opponents of gay adoption is Lynn Wardle, a professor of law at the Brigham Young University Law School. Wardle has been most vocal in custody disputes, in which he contends if a biological parent is found to be gay, this creates a rebuttable presumption that the parent is unfit and should therefore by denied custody."
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The Head Start Program, 2008.
An analysis of the legislation and social effectiveness of the Head Start Program of 1965.
1,039 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper critiques the 40-year-old Head Start Program that is attributed to President Lyndon Johnson's "War on Poverty" of 1965. It discusses the legislation of the program and analyzes its effectiveness. The paper discusses whether the program is still managing to combat the widespread child poverty that still exists today in the United States.
From the Paper
"Koball Et Al explained that 7.2 million American children in low-income families had parents without high school diplomas, 10.2 million had parents with high school education only, and another 10.2 children in low income households had parents with some or considerable college education. (2006) One wonders if Education is the panacea argued. Reading between the lines, Head Start has brought untold help to under-privileged children and their families across the United States and in states such as California inspiring remarkable local level projects. Since 1965, Head Start has become institutionalized as a familiar adjunct in under-privileged areas, urban and rural, that reflects change in how children at risk are identified. However, since the creation of the federal agenda of 1965, immense numbers of children and families continue to need support and attention in detailed programs addressing teen mothers, adult illiteracy, the detection of learning disabilities; inadequate basic needs in working homes, and new need for services for Hispanic or other non-English first language groups. Some states show a focus on home visit or outreach services to children and adults in environments perhaps more trying, in different ways than during the 1930s Global Depression."
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Sibling Rivalry, 2008.
This paper explores the phenomenon of sibling rivalry and the importance of parental intervention.
2,036 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
The paper examines several studies on sibling rivalry and focuses on the findings of a research questionnaire. The paper explains how this research indicates that children whose parents emphasize the development of social cognitive skills, such as empathy, responsibility and caring, are more likely to produce children disinclined to fight with their siblings. The paper shows how parental guidance is vital in order to ensure sibling rivalries do not grow into something dark and pathological.
Outline:
Abstract
Prevention/Intervention Strategies: A Review of the Literature
Population Studied
Prevention/Intervention Proposed
Findings
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Many studies have emerged in recent years that shed welcome light upon the dynamics of sibling relationships. To begin with, there has been a strong body of research indicating that advanced social cognition skills able to appreciate the reasons for the other party's incompetencies and/or peculiarities are critical if siblings are to form strong relationships between one another (Hudson, Forman & Brion-Meisels, 1982; Castle & Richards, 1979). Unfortunately, children take time to develop empathetic social cognition skills (Shantz, 1983) and it is not inconceivable that permanent injury in the relationship between two siblings can be created if too much hostility and resentment is produced in the formative years of life."
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