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Code of Ethics, 2007.
This paper studies the issue of the code of ethics, concentrating on the CIGNA Corporation.
1,064 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the corporate code of ethics in the form of policies promotes proper corporate governance and stewardship. The writer points out that the CIGNA Code of Ethics and Compliance Policies is an example of a policy document that incorporates guidelines, rules and regulations. Further, the writer explains that this document defines a scope and limitations and includes a clear statement of understanding, which is really a "no escape clause" implicitly and explicitly stating that all reasonable declarations and reminders are in the code ethics. The writer concludes that by following the form and substance of the code of ethics, CIGNA's code could be a model for other companies to follow.
From the Paper
"Policies, in general, are high-level statements of goals, objectives, beliefs and ethics that are higher management's directions indicating mandatory action and compliance corporate-wide; they are means of addressing and/or averting problems. But policies are not enough to ensure compliance since it should be released with guidelines and implementing rules and regulations to enable the recipients or readers of the policies to know and determine the actions required of them to abide by the policies. Policies, guidelines, rules and regulations may be in separate documents or consolidated in a single document."
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Affirmative Action, 2006.
A review of the history of affirmative action.
1,544 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the concept of affirmative action. The paper reports that affirmative action was first used by President John F. Kennedy during 1961 in his call for action towards greater equality in terms of federal contracting. The paper goes on to say that the President instructed contractors to take "affirmative action" to ensure that applicants be treated equally regardless of race, creed or sex. The paper goes on to discuss some of the problems that affirmative action policies create and concludes that, because of these problems, it is time to terminate affirmative action policies.
From the Paper
"It has been mentioned above that affirmative action policies such as point and quota systems emphasize rather than redress issues of unfairness and racial discrimination. Awarding any favoritism to persons because of their skin color is discriminatory. This has negative effects on both the favored and the disfavored. Persons who are favored for their minority status could be made to feel that they have not achieved their respective positions for their merits or talents. They may as a result doubt their ability to perform well, and concomitantly in actual fact not perform well because of this feeling. This is reinforced by the resentment experienced from disfavored groups who feel that their rights have been violated."
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Accounting Ethics, 2007.
This paper looks at the merits of the Accounting Code of Conduct.
1,262 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that the Accountant Code of Professional Conduct is an instrument that provides guidance to accountants and protection to the clients. The paper discusses how the majority of accountants take pride in doing an honest and competent job for those who hire them. For the few who are either dishonest or incompetent, the code provides relief for clients by way of criminal punishment or fines. The paper shows how it is a code that stands as strong and tall as the Hypocratic Oath for physicians and one that is held to an equally strict standard so that the field of accounting will remain above reproach.
Outline:
Introduction
History
When An Accountant Fails
Conclusion
From the Paper
"At first glance the average laymen would be hard pressed to explain why accountants need a code of conduct in the profession. People are aware of the doctor and attorney professional vows or promises to follow certain ethical rules because of the severe damage they can do if they become unethical. Once one begins to explore the accounting profession, however, one will quickly discover that accountants have the ability to do great harm as well(Demski, 2000). Accountants have the financial survival, future, and life of their clients in their hands. If an accountant decides to become unethical he or she could easily destroy an individual, a family, a corporation or a government entity."
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Can Human Justice Ever Be Achieved?, 2006.
A look at the issue of human justice and equality for all.
1,907 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at human justice and the ideal of equality between the sexes, races, class and religions. The paper focuses primarily on the issue of women's rights.
From the Paper
"Take, for example, a healthcare provider treating an aboriginal couple. Because of past historical injustices, today, even indigenous persons who have endeavored to become integrated into Australian society have higher rates of single parenthood, incarceration rates, and unemployment, and fall short of every possible Westernized measurement of success in contemporary life. (Calma, 2006, p.1) The instance of domestic abuse might seem to simply pose the question--did the indigenous husband commit the crime to which he or she was accused? If so, the person should be incarcerated. But previous inequitable social conditions may drive the roots of the difficulties between the couple, making the issue of reporting more difficult. Also, biased judges and juries may make the person's punishment, however unconsciously, harsher because of the defendant's race. To report an abusive man from a racial minority may be just, but it also may exacerbate an age-old historical injustice."
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Company Code of Ethics, 2006.
A discussion regarding the importance of a company's code of ethics.
1,319 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the serious issue of the code of ethics of any company. The paper reports that companies want to be fair to their employees while still ensuring that all employees understand what the rules are and what they can and cannot do when it comes to appropriate behavior at work.
From the Paper
"The decision-making that takes place in a business when it comes to ethics is also important. Those that run the company must think about what is important to them, what the laws are in their area, and what they can reasonably ask of their employees. A company that makes unreasonable demands of its employees will not be well-liked, and will have trouble retaining workers. On the other hand, a company that is too relaxed in its rules can open itself up for lawsuits, and can also find that individuals are taking advantage of the company by taking information that they have learned and going to work for other competitors, thus taking that information with them. both of these issues can be very dangerous for any company, because they can lose a lot of money, lose credibility in the marketplace, and appear undesirable to employees, customers, buyers, and sellers, as well as stockholders and others that have some stake in the company."
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Gay Rights, 2006.
An argumentative essay regarding the controversial topic of gay rights.
1,377 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that gay and lesbian people are entitled to the same rights and protections as all Americans, including the right to marry, and protection from discrimination in employment. This paper maintains that by demanding the right to marry and protection from discrimination in employment, gay people are not demanding "special rights."
Outline:
Discrimination in Employment
Right to Marry
Equal Rights
Sentence Outline
From the Paper
"Others argue that married couples are the foundation of social order. Married couple unions ensure that generations reproduce, and that the human race continues. By strengthening families, the legal recognition and protection of heterosexual unions therefore benefit the good of society (Gehrke). Because homosexual unions do not facilitate procreation, there is no concept of a social good. The argument of strengthening families therefore does not apply for same-sex couples."
"These reasons, however, fail to stand up under analysis. For example, the claim that raising children without strong male and female role models can also be levied against single parents. Further arguments that gay marriages do not contribute to the greater good are debatable, based largely on faith-based belief rather than empirical research."
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The Use of Supplements by Athletes, 2007.
This paper discusses ethics issues relating to the use of supplements by athletes.
1,715 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that the use of supplements by sports athletes is only viewed as an ethical problem when the supplement becomes illicit or banned or when an athlete dies and focuses most of the time on the competitive advantage instead of the ethical question. The author presents a classical discussion of ethics and concludes that the use of performance-enhancing drugs and supplements by sports players is clearly a violation of ethical behavior. The paper states that no supplement or drug should be used or should be advised by the educator or coach to the athlete without being approved by the FDA, the sports league in question and prescribed by the attending physician of the athlete. The paper includes a table and many embedded quotations.
Table of Contents:
Objective
Introduction
Ethics - Theoretical Framework
Ethics - Differentiation among Theorists
Discussion
Responsibility of Educators and Coaches of Athletes
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Milton's ethics principle was based on the 'end result' or the moral rightness of an action being determined based upon consequences having been considered. Kant believed that ethics were based upon 'rules' and that the moral rightness of an action is based upon laws and standards within society and business. Rousseau held to the social contract theory in ethics believing that the moral rightness of an action is determined through the norms and customs in the existing community and Ruber held a personalistic notion of ethics believing that the moral rightness of ones' actions can only be determined through ones' conscience."
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Nursing, 2007.
This paper examines the nursing profession from a personal standpoint.
1,375 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer presents a detailed examination of nursing philosophy. The paper explores several elements of nursing including illness, personal beliefs, and patient care. It then provides a blueprint of the writer's philosophy when it comes to the field and practice of nursing. The writer notes that historically nurses have been caregivers, but in recent years that element of human compassion and science has become mixed with scientific demands and knowledge. The writer points out that whether it is easing a terminally ill patient into death, helping another patient recover, or celebrating the joyous gift of life through birth a nurse is usually on hand to be part of the process. The writer concludes that nursing is a profession with meaning and ethics and one that the writer is proud to be a part of.
Outline:
Introduction
My Definition
Principles
Conclusion
From the Paper
"My definition of nursing has been derived from professional definitions combined with my personal experience in the field and in life. When the American Nursing Association first developed a definition of nursing in 1980 in covered many of the basic beliefs and standards that the profession is expected to follow and practice. However, in the two decades since that definition was publicized and accepted many things have changed within the industry and society thereby creating the need for additions to the definition."
"While it has always been important to keep our fingers on the pulse of society, it has recently become a multiple pulse community given diverse cultures, races, and society members."
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Abortion in the United States, 2006.
A review of the history of abortion in the USA.
2,830 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how abortion has evoked considerable debate and controversy throughout history. In the United States, it has been a subject of heated debate through most of its history. The paper reports that in recent times "pro-choice" and "pro-life" movements have taken diametrically opposite positions on the ethical, legal and medical aspects of the issue. The paper presents an overview of abortion's history in the US and discusses the legal decisions of the Supreme Court on the issue from Roe onwards.
Outline:
Early History of Abortion in the United States
Following the Common Law
Lenient Attitude
Upsurge in Abortions
Physicians Lead Anti-Abortion Campaign
Turning of the Tide
Roe v. Wade (1973) and Subsequent U.S. Laws on Abortion
Pro-Choice v Pro-Life Arguments
Does Life Begin at Conception?
Right of Woman Over Her Body
Fetus as a Parasite
Scientific Argument
The Religious Belief
The Feminist View on Abortion
Public Opinion
The Pros and Cons of Pro-Life & Pro-Choice Arguments
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Over the next decade and more, the US Supreme Court struck down several attempts by the state to restrict abortion. For example, in 1983 the Court found it unconstitutional to require a woman seeking abortion to be given information about risks or consequences of the procedure and to wait 24 hours after receiving information before having the abortion. Similarly, in 1986 the court struck down a Pennsylvania law requiring that state-developed materials about abortion be offered to women undergoing the procedure. (McGee and Merz, 2004) However, since 1989, the Court has permitted several state-imposed restrictions to stand. In its decision in Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1989), the court upheld a Missouri law that prohibited the use of public facilities or public employees for abortion and required a physician to determine the viability of a fetus older than 20 weeks before performing an abortion. In Rust v. Sullivan (1991), the court upheld a federal policy that prevented health care providers who received federal funding from engaging in any activities that encouraged or promoted abortion as a method of family planning (Ibid.)"
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The Ford Pinto, 2006.
This paper evaluates the ethical behavior of the Ford Motor Company as the manufacture of the Ford Pinto automobile.
1,735 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper reports that the Ford Motor company quickly developed and manufactured the Ford Pinto automobile and knew that the gas tank on the Pinto was defective and could potentially cause fires when accidents occurred. The author points out that the company acted in a manner that was unethical when it allowed the continued manufacturing of the Pinto and did not recall Pinto cars already on the road even after there were several deaths, which occurred as a result of these problems. The paper stresses that the company acted unethically in its decision to use a cost/benefit analysis involving human life.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Ford Pinto
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In addition to the aforementioned case, Ford was also the subject of a criminal case after the death of three teenagers. In this case, the company was prosecuted for reckless homicide and criminal recklessness. The author explains that in this case the company was being held liable for its refusal to recall the vehicles even thought they were aware that the placement of the fuel tank could result in serious accidents and had already resulted in several fatalities. In the opinion of the prosecutor the company was responsible for criminal recklessness and reckless homicide.'
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Sweatshops in China, 2006.
A discussion regarding the labor practices in Chinese sweatshops.
2,518 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed examination of labor in China, focusing specifically on sweatshops and unions. The paper explores what a sweatshop is, why they still exist in China and what the American labor movement is doing to try and stop them.
Outline:
Introduction
The Outcry
Defining the Term
Focus on China
American Union Response
Chinese Worker Response
Conclusion
From the Paper
"While her case brought international attention to the issue there are hundreds of thousands of identical sweatshops throughout China employing many millions of men, women and children who are trapped in a cycle that they cannot break. The pay is so substandard that they often find they have to live with dozens of other people in a single home so that they can afford to buy food. Even given this effort the food that they can afford is often substandard therefore the nutritional needs are not being met. This cycle is difficult to break as they do not make enough money to provide for their families while they begin new jobs or careers. "
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Illegal Immigration, 2006.
An analysis of illegal immigration in the United States today.
1,836 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a review of the relevant literature demonstrating several reasons why illegal immigrants who are already in the United States should be allowed to remain. According to the paper, approximately 12 million illegal aliens are already in the United States.
Outline:
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Positive Economic Contributions of Illegal Immigrants
Exorbitant Costs Associated with Identifying and Deporting Illegal Immigrants
Migration is a Natural Survival Technique
Adverse Impact on Nation's Consciousness
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In reality, though, the vast majority of these jobs are either low-paying and menial jobs that many Americans would be reluctant to accept and even fewer would be willing to keep over the long-term, or the illegals involved have managed to survive in the U.S. sufficiently long to secure decent employment. In either case, these workers are contributing to the local tax base, and all of them are consumers. "Guest worker" programs and other half-measures fail to recognize these economic realities and will inevitably compel policymakers at the state and federal level to come to grips with these issues. In this regard, a recent cover story in Business Week (July 18, 2005) emphasized that, in spite of the growing discontent over illegal immigration, American businesses have continued to hire undocumented workers with little concern for federal regulations designed to stop them. Moreover, while the politicians, business owners and pundits argue about how best to handle the illegal immigrant problem, the same folks are hiring these workers as domestic employees and otherwise ("Embracing Illegals" 3).
More importantly, these same interests are also making money from the illegal immigrants in this country. One authority points out that, "In the past several years, big U.S. consumer companies -- banks, insurers, mortgage lenders, credit-card outfits, phone carriers, and others -- have decided that a market of 11 million or so potential customers is simply too big to ignore. It may be against the law for the [illegals] to be in the U.S. or for an employer to hire them, but there's nothing illegal about selling to them ("Embracing Illegals" 3)."
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