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Health System and (In)Justice, 2006.
A review of the inequalities and the injustice present in the U.S. health system.
1,058 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the U.S. health policies and institutions, intended to treat the sick, take care of the people with disabilities and support the senior citizens. According to the paper, access to the health system is sometimes guaranteed for all citizens, and other times it depends on the contribution made to the health funds. The paper discusses how the quality of health services differ from person to person, depending on their socio-economic status and their personal features (such as race or sex).
From the Paper
"Still, it is more than attitude involved here. The situations can be extremely varied, depending on many factors, from one place to another. In third world countries (and if we only think about the genital mutilation practices still existing in some African countries), or in places where the role of women is of little importance, or where the education is scarce, or where the resources are limited - to discuss about inequalities in health here would be almost redundant, since inequality is part of every aspect of life. Nonetheless, the health system is filled with injustices even in the developed countries, where, for example, the life expectancy is shortened by socioeconomic disadvantages. "
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Whistle-Blowing in the Workplace, 2007.
An analysis of the ethical implications of whistle-blowing.
2,194 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how whistle-blowing is a method by which individuals or organizations can have an impact on what is perceived as a wrongdoing or unethical practice. Many industries, countries, organizations, companies and professions have rules, guidelines and legislation that set the parameters for and deal with the reporting of wrongdoing. The paper looks at how in many cases there are private industry-specific rules and practices that govern how whistle-blowers and their message(s) are to be treated and discusses some examples within the healthcare industry.
From the Paper
"Two cases in the 1990's in Japan illustrate the problems associated with whistle-blowing and these types of problems in the health care profession. In the first case, in 1995, a nurse leaked information to the press after she had taken the information to the hospital board. She leaked the information because she believed that the board would 'not take any action'. The board did take action but only after the information had been leaked to the press. In the second case, at the end of May 1996, an anonymous man called the police to inform them that a doctor had administered a drug to a male patient at the hospital that killed the patient. Police immediately initiated an investigation. Surprisingly enough, in the second case a number of patient's and their families expressed support for the doctor, but many of the hospital's nurses were very vociferous in their outrage against the doctor, with some going so far as to say they would quit if the doctor was not fired."
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Responsibility, 2007.
This paper discusses vocational and ethical responsibility as portrayed in the movies.
2,213 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses ethical responsibilities in the workplace and examines how this subject is portrayed in various films. For this purpose, the writer studies the following movies: "Broadway Danny Rose", "The Conversation", "The Hospital" and "Things Change" . The writer points out that if one does not strive to live according to one's personal sense of morality, then one is likely to be haunted by one's own sense of moral inferiority. The writer concludes that "Broadway Danny Rose" and "Things Change" show that taking on more responsibility than one can handle might be dangerous, but the humor of the first film and the compassion of the second film in comparison with the brutal misery of the lives of the characters of "The Conversation" and "The Hospital," make the risks of Danny and Jerry seem like blessings in comparison.
From the Paper
"The Conversation" as directed by Francis Ford Coppola, depicts a man who might not seem to be a conventionally responsible individual even in his personal life. Harry Caul has no family ties. He lives entirely alone, in a small apartment in a city where he seems to know no one other than the persons he works for as a spy. Yet despite the potentially immoral nature of occupation, that a professional surveillance expert, Harry becomes haunted by a sense of moral responsibility for the consequences of listening to other person's conversations."
"The film begins after Harry has left the East Coast because his wiretapping caused the death of three people. Although Harry was just doing his job, and did not want to hurt these people, these individuals died as an unintended consequence of Harry's actions. Harry cannot even bear to confess the action to a priest, even though his evident loneliness conveyed by the starkness of his dwelling-place and his monotonous routine makes him seem haunted by guilt in the eyes of the viewer."
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Abortion, 2006.
An argument against abortion.
1,389 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper argues against abortion, supporting the belief in upholding an unborn child's inalienable right to life. This paper examines the unlawful nature of selling or prescribing medication that would terminate a pregnancy, as well as the fact that a licensed physician is not permitted to perform an act to terminate a pregnancy unless the life of the mother is at risk. This paper examines Roe v. Wade, the U.S. Constitution, Planned Parenthood v. Casey and Griswold v. Connecticut.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Recent Abortion Legislation
Abortion Statistics from the CDC
A Historical View of Abortion in the United States
Discussion and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Governor Mike Rounds of South Dakota signed bill HB1215 into law on March 6, 2006. This Bill which is effective July 1, 2006 makes it illegal for a doctor to perform an abortion at any time between conception and childbirth. At the time the bill was signed Governor Rounds stated: "In the history of the world, the true test of a civilization is how well people treat the most vulnerable and most helpless in their society. The sponsors and supporters of this bill believe that abortion is wrong because unborn children are the most vulnerable and most helpless persons in our society. I agree with them." This view is held by many Americans who have been completely mortified by the approximate amount of 48 million abortions that have occurred over the past 30 years in this country. "
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Guantanamo Bay and the Status of Detainees, 2006.
A review of various news articles reporting the situation of the Guantanamo Bay detainees and a history of the Guantanamo Bay crisis.
5,443 words (approx. 21.8 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 133.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the status of the Guantanamo Bay detainees as depicted in various news reports. The paper reports how, according to 'Amnesty International', many of these alleged detainees are in fact, not "enemy combatants" but ordinary people being held "in a legal black hole, many without access to any court, legal counsel or family visits". The paper takes a look at the history of the situation, and events leading up to the crisis in Guantanamo Bay.
Outline:
Introduction
History of Guantanamo Bay
The Issues
Torture and Abuse of Prisoners
Discussion
From the Paper
"Although President Bush has said publicly, "the United States reaffirms its commitment to the worldwide elimination of torture... freedom from torture is an inalienable human right, and we are committed to building a world where human rights are respected and protected by the rule of law," his administration has actually fostered and encouraged it. Harold Koh (2005) suggests that after the 9/11 attack the administration had the opportunity to set up a democratic long-range plan for controlling terrorism. Instead, the administration looked for shortcuts, and torture was one of them, "a substitute for multilateral police work; the uncertainties of intelligence gathering; the expense of guarding ports, reservoirs, and transportation centers; and the financial regulation necessary to cut off the funding of terrorist groups" (p. 7)."
"Koh (2005) testified before the Senate that the torturing at Guantanamo Bay is done with government authorization. Members of the Bush administration developed a torture policy and a legal rationale for torture was created. In his message to the Senate, Koh states: "Torture and cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment are both illegal and totally abhorrent to our values and constitutional traditions. No constitutional authority licenses the president to authorize the torture and cruel treatment of prisoners, even when he acts as commander-in-chief"(p. 8). He went on to say that mistreatment of prisoners also violates the Geneva Convention agreement, under which our own troops are protected from similar treatment. "
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Medical Emergency Management, 2007.
This paper discusses potential ethical violations in medical emergency management.
1,304 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses possible ethical violations and how they can potentially affect medical emergency operations from the point of view of an Emergency Operations Director. Ethical topics discussed include the following: bias in treatment (or lack of treatment); confidentiality issues; criminal activity versus confidentiality; medical research within an emergency care setting; and refusal of care. Also considered are ethical dilemmas such as who gets treated first in cases of multiple injured parties. The author concludes that effective triage plans be in place to ensure that personnel know when to focus on some patients versus others.
From the Paper
"Bias in emergency medical treatment is possible for numerous reasons. Common biases include prejudice based on of race, social status, or lifestyle choices (Nordquist 2006). Known involvement in criminal activity, such as drug use, might also affect a patient's ability to secure quality care, as might availability to health insurance. Finally, a patient's family's wishes might come into account, specifically in emergency care involving resuscitation or elderly patients."
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Corporate Moral Responsibility, 2006.
A discussion regarding the moral and social responsibility of a company.
4,772 words (approx. 19.1 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 122.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how humans possess the ability to choose between right and wrong, giving us a sense of morality. The paper goes on to discuss how this sense of morality coupled with free will result in human freedom. According to the paper, with this human freedom comes a moral and social responsibility. The paper further discusses how the corporate world has a moral and social responsibility.
Outline:
Introduction
Defining Moral Responsibility
Ethics and Business
Individual Ethics vs. Business Ethics
Examples from the Business World
Stakeholders
Conclusion
From the Paper
"If a corporation can make a goodwill gesture and act in such a manner as to appear to make this an intentional gesture, then even though it is the individuals that make the decision, they are no longer acting as individuals, but are acting as a group (Coffee 1998). Group psychology now comes into play and the role of the individual, as well as the idea of diffusion of responsibility. Each individual within a group loses a part of their autonomy. Their preferences may not always rule and they must sometimes make compromises that may go against their true wishes. The individual no longer acts as a single entity, the play a lesser role in the actions of the group. The group now appears to replace the individual. If this is true, then the corporation can act in an ethical manner, just as an individual does. The corporation can make its own decisions and now acts as if it were an individual."
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Pro-Prayers, 2006.
A discussion regarding the controversial issue of prayers at school.
1,438 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how prayers in schools have mostly been touted as activities that violate the rights to religious freedom. According to the paper, many parents feel that since they do not believe in God, their children must not be asked to recite the name of God in schools. The paper further discusses whether the name of God should be removed from schools and if not what would be the benefits of keeping this tradition in the schools.
From the Paper
"Every child needs something greater than himself to hold on to. They need to understand that when they are being asked to do something good and avoid evil, there are rewards waiting for them from that highest power. I feel there is nothing wrong with reciting prayers and pledge in schools because it leads to the creation of a better and more responsible society where caste and creed differences can be minimized since everyone is looking up to the same power i.e. God and pledging allegiance to the same country i.e. America. The opponents however feel that the law should be secular in nature, it should not seek to support of 'advance' any one religion and thirdly it must not give evidence of government's intervention in religious matters. They feel that Pledge of Allegiance does not sound secular because of the word God in it; secondly it does seem to promote the belief that God is present and He is one. This means that even if no particular religion is being promoted, the pledge does contain words which make it religious in nature and give everyone an impression that government endorses and agree with Christian religious beliefs of monotheism. The law also violates the establishment clause, which calls for separation of church and state. (Ostling, 2001)"
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Organizational Behavior, 2006.
A review of organizational behavior and various theories of implementation.
1,048 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly analyzes two aspects of organizational behavior as it applies to the culture of business in the present economy. According to the paper, these aspects are the influence of ethics on decision making and the impact of technology on work-related stress. The paper discusses how the evolution of ethics and decision making, and technology-related stress have culminated in the current models.
From the Paper
"The second point, the impact of technology on work related stress is as crucial to the question of the state of organizational behavior as ethics, if more controversial within the texts, as stress is a more subjective question that ethics. Technology, at its rise was often utilized, regardless of the physical impact it may have had on those who worked with it, especially with regard to manufacturing technology at the beginning of the technology revolution. Yet, today the technology of a manufacturing or even an intellectual facet of an organization has the human more in mind. During the past decade, stress has become a significant topic in organizational behavior, in part due to the increase in competitive pressures in many industries, increased globalization, and advances in technology. (Sims, 2002, p. 109) This does not always eliminate stress as there are still many issues with regard to technology, other than safety that determine stress level but the idea that one is less likely to be killed or maimed when they go to work was the first and most foundational step to the human- technology marriage."
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Sexual Harassment, 2006.
An in-depth look at sexual harassment and the development of prevention programs.
8,859 words (approx. 35.4 pages), 34 sources, MLA, $ 185.95
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Abstract
This paper examines a method for exploring the topic of sexual harassment in relationship to demographics. The paper explores many factors that characterize both the harasser and the one being harassed. The paper seeks to define the topic further for the purpose of improving education on sexual harassment and developing programs targeted toward stopping it.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Chapter 1 - Introduction
Research Questions and Hypotheses
Rationale
Chapter 2 - Literature Review
History and Definition
Reporting Sexual Harassment
Sociological Theories
Effects of Sexual Harassment
Chapter 3 - Methodology
Sample Population
Data Collection Procedures
Survey Instrument
Data analysis
Chapter 4 - Conclusion
Discussion
Recommendations
Works Cited
Appendix 1 - The Survey Instrument
From the Paper
"Studies have shown that women with more conservative beliefs about gender roles are not as likely to report sexual harassment, than women who are more liberal concerning gender roles (Guadagno & Marin 1999; Samolouk & Pretty, 1994). It is believed that this is the case because conservative women have a greater sensitivity to gender-role expectations and violations (Guadagno & Marin 1999). In addition the authors assert that females that report and label are often perceived as violating the good employee expectancy (Guadagno & Marin 1999). As a result "Success in these roles may involve conforming to social rules and norms while avoiding conflicts. Women who report and label harassment may be viewed as troublemakers and subsequently may not be selected for promotions or other career opportunities. Consistent with this idea is women's fear that they will be accused of provocation if they report sexual harassment (Adams et al., 1983; Guadagno & Marin 1999 )."As it relates to men and the reporting of sexual harassment, there has been a marked increase in the number of men reporting sexual misconduct. "
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Prison Life for Inmates, 2006.
A look at the inside of a prison and how the inmates really live.
1,383 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the real life of a prisoner incarcerated in a U.S. prison. According to the paper, the inmates enter the prison like cattle and are counted and recounted several times, then are shaved, photographed, given a hair cut, issued a number, a uniform, black shoes, some bedding, asked all kinds of questions, made to sign all sorts of forms, and are given a prison rulebook. The paper discusses how the inmates are strip-searched and deloused, and from this point on will be known by their inmate number, as they are led to their eight-by-ten-foot cell that they will share with another inmate for the next several years.
From the Paper
"Female offenders are usually referred to as the "forgotten offenders" because prisons for women lack the variety of programs and services that are generally available to male inmates, and those that do exist tend to follow stereotypical lines, such as cosmetology and food service training, and the educational programs rarely go beyond the high school level (DeRosia 1998). Moreover, medical services are extremely inadequate in female prisons, and are a particular problem that has resulted in serious health problems for many female inmates, including pregnancy (DeRosia 1998). The women are getting older, and many of them are going through menopause without proper treatment therapy (Day 2001). One woman describe having surgery, and afterwards, while she was still bleeding, she was strip-searched, shackled, chained, and forced to walk back to the van (Day 2001). More than 75 percent of incarcerated women are mothers, most of whom are heads of households, for, on average, two dependent children (DeRosia 1998). One female prisoner described prison life as "living the rest of your life in a tiny cell that was built for one and now houses three...you have no property, because there's no room" (Day 2001). She said, "Imagine yourself in a relationship with an abuser who controls your every move, keeps you locked in the house. There's the ever-present threat of violence or further repression if you don't toe the line. And imagine being there for fifteen years" (Day 2001). She described being punished to being absolutely controlled, "whether it's about buttoning your shirt, how you have a scarf on your head," everything is under constant scrutiny (Day 2001). According to the U.S. Department of Justice, at the end of 2004, there were 104,848 females incarcerated (Prison 2005). "
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Abortion, 2007.
An argument against the legality and morality of abortion.
3,036 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the debate regarding abortion. It begins by defining abortion and discussing the circumstances in which it may come about. The writer presents his personal opinion regarding the abortion debate and then continues to discuss the many legal and ethical arguments against abortion. The paper concludes that there is strong case against abortion because it is immoral.
From the Paper
"Another group of medical opinions against abortion enclose the meaning of life and death. If one set of norms has been used to describe death, could they also be utilized to describe life? Death is described by the pause of heartbeat. A stopped up heart is an obvious sign of death. If the pause of heartbeat could describe death, could the beginning of a heartbeat describe life? In the womb, the heart is developed on the 18th day. If heartbeat were used to describe life, then almost all abortions would be banned. Doctors now employ a more accurate condition for death: brain wave movement. A flat EEG, electroencephalograph is one of the most essential standard used to verify death. If the pause of brain wave activity can describe death, could the beginning of brain wave activity describe life? In the fetus, in about 40-43 days, the individual brain waves are noticed. Utilizing brain wave activity to describe life would prohibit at any rate a number of abortions. (Arguments against Abortion)"
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