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Arguing Against Stem Cell Research, 2006.
An argument against stem cell research, particularly when it involves embryonic cells.
1,456 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an examination of the controversial stem cell research topic. The paper explores the pros and cons of the issue and argues that stem cell research, in particular using embryonic cells, should not be allowed. The paper bases its opinion on an ethical, moral and economic foundation.
Outline:
Introduction
What it is
The Bottom Line
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Along this line the same can be said for the continued lifespan that stem cell research can eventually provide. Is it worth it to have life at any cost even if the reduction of deaths create an almost impossible living environment to live in on earth? How will social security handle the load if no one ever dies? Where will people live as the world become impossibly crowded? These are questions that need to be addressed and answered before the world should ever consider allowing stem cell research to continue.
Most of the controversy surrounding embryonic use is centered around the definition of when life begins. As with the abortion debate there are those who believe that life begins at conception while others believe it does not begin until the fetus would otherwise be viable outside of the womb."
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Growth Hormone, 2006.
A discussion regarding pharmaceutical and biotechnological uses of growth hormone.
1,435 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This study helps to ascertain whether the use of growth hormone has any beneficial effect on those who wish to use it for cosmetic purposes. The paper further discusses whether its use should be restricted to those who have deficits in their body's secretions of somatotropin as children.
From the Paper
"Dr. Richard Sadovsky, in the journal, American Family Physician treats children to improve height velocity and bone maturation in children. However, he says "the use of growth hormone in children with non-growth hormone-deficient short stature is controversial." He cites a study by Kawai and Associates with 27 boys of short stature that were divided into a control group that received nothing that would affect growth or bone maturation and a treatment group that received pituitary-derived or recombinant human growth hormone five or six times every week for 3.5 to 4.8 years. The surprising findings were that growth hormone therapy during prepubery did not improve height and actually resulted in shorter final height than what would have been attained naturally. "This may be the result of accelerated bone maturation and reduction of the duration of puberty." Rosenfeld, who conducted the study, commented that short children with normal growth velocities may be negatively affected by "the early and rapid pubertal progression caused by growth hormone therapy." Those involved must carefully select the children, as the time that they utilize this drug affects and is affected by puberty. (Sadovsky 1997)"
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Restorative Justice, 2006.
An in-depth look at the history of restorative justice and various related philosophies.
9,152 words (approx. 36.6 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 189.95
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Abstract
This paper takes an in-depth look at restorative justice, which fundamentally, is a theoretical mechanism devised to apply philosophical notions of what justice in our society is and how it should operate within our justice system. The paper discusses how restorative justice, as a social function, is an indication of how we, as a society, view the concept of justice from the perspective of moral philosophy.
The paper further reviews varying opinions and philosophies of respected thinkers and philosophers.
From the Paper
"These three philosophers make up the core of what has come to be known as "the enlightenment." From Hobbes to Rousseau a definite progression can be seen; Hobbes laid the template for the age's arguments regarding political theory; he used the same tools that Locke would later use, but he employed them far more conservatively and with obvious consideration for the status quo.
Next was Voltaire, who agreed with the social contract model of justice, but from a perspective that lent significant credence to individual cultural beliefs and practices. Essentially, Voltaire seeks to identify some fundamental ethical ground upon which mankind can justify his actions, or at least, relegate them as either right or wrong. This is where he parts ways most severely with Locke. John Locke presents a number of travelers' tales describing many foreign practices--like cannibalism, and infanticide--that would be completely unacceptable in European society, but are deemed utterly moral in other societies. The point of these examples is to illustrate that the differences between intelligent and well-informed cultures regarding morality and justice are so stark, and so incongruous that no general statements regarding human morality can accurately be made."
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Stem Cell Research, 2007.
This paper examines the issue of stem cell research and human cloning.
1,322 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the controversial debate over stem cell research. The paper relates that stem cell research may lead directly to the cures of many diseases, including but not limited to diabetes, heart disease, Parkinson's disease and vision or hearing loss. The paper examines how stem cell research can also have an effect on human cloning. The paper attempts to address what the ethical issues involved are and how those issues can be debated and ultimately solved by society. The writer expresses his/her personal opinion that using stem cell research to cure or fight disease gives a living purpose to those embryos that might otherwise have been discarded.
From the Paper
"Researchers tout the belief that a manipulation of stem cells can be beneficial in curing many diseases as well as helping in creating or developing new life, which could be part of the reason why such research generates such controversy.
"Gregory Pence, in his book Who's Afraid of Human Cloning, states that "a human being created by means of nuclear somatic transfer will develop just as much into an individual as twins do.""
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Right and Wrong under Consequentialist Thinking, 2007.
Questions whether it can sometimes be 'right', under consequentialist thinking, to do the wrong thing.
1,395 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
When considering a question ethically, one has to come up with the best solution possible. There are several methods of analyzing ethical questions that have been developed over the years. The two primary categories of methods are teleological, or consequentialist, and deontological. This paper considers whether or not it can sometimes be 'right' to do the 'wrong' thing, using consequentialist thinking. The paper uses the example of the question of whether or not it can sometimes be 'right' to reward offenders and punish victims of crimes, perhaps by letting offenders go scot-free, while dismissing the claims of victims for compensation.
Outline:
Introduction
Consequentialist Overview
Application of Consequentialist Thinking
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Although there are numerous positive outcomes with this scenario, to fully analyze the situation as a consequentialist, one must also consider the negative outcomes to see if the positive outweigh the negative. The negative consequences are more in line with traditional thinking when considering such a topic. Rewarding prisoners could possibly give incentive to criminals to commit crimes. Those who feel frustrated with their position in life may be more likely to commit a crime simply to receive the reward of education or job skills, in hopes of bettering their life circumstances."
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"Anatomy of Greed" by Brian Cruver, 2007.
This paper examines the Brian Cruver's book about the Enron scandal, "Anatomy of Greed".
3,778 words (approx. 15.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 104.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses "Anatomy of Greed", which shows the author's place as an Enron insider and his view of the overall scheme of things in the Enron scandal. The paper explains how Enron was building itself up for years, based on few assets, tricky accounting and a building debt. Higher officials inside Enron were benefiting from this at the cost of employees and others who were depending on stock or employment options that did not exist. The paper reveals that accounting practices that were legal gave Enron the idea that it could hide its dealings. The paper explores how it was fear and greed that led Enron to continue acting unethically until it destroyed the company and many people's lives in the process.
From the Paper
"Chapter One, entitled "Welcome to the Death Star," explains how Cruver started with Enron. It explains how lucky he thought he was to work for such a highly respect and world-renowned company that was a leader in business. Shortly after beginning, Cruver became aware of many things that may not have been common knowledge to those outside of Enron. Some were light-hearted, like the many comparisons of Enron to Star Wars; Enron headquarters was the Death Star (hence the chapter title), Chief Executive Officer Jeff Skilling was Darth Vader, and Ken Lay was the Emperor."
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Morality and the Criminal Justice System, 2007.
This paper explores the moral dimensions of punishment in the United States.
1,210 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the government has constructed stronger and more maximum security prisons, implemented the Three Strikes and you are Out laws and returned to the acceptance and performance of capital punishment. The paper considers that someone who commits a violent crime deserves to be punished, but asks when it become less about punishment and more about revenge? The paper maintains that it is important to provide punishment and rehabilitation to those who commit crimes, but it is even more important to maintain a sense of moral and ethical confidence. The paper contends that each case needs to be held against moral and ethical barometers to be sure that the criminal justice system does not become as cruel as those they are charged with punishing.
Outline:
Introduction
The Attempt To Fix the Problem
Morality
Politics
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Under the pressure of public demand, legislators around the country have scrambled to design solutions to the nation's crime issue. Three strikes you're out, is a law mandating if one is convicted three times for certain violent offenses that person is then sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole. Super maximum security prisons are prisons that for the most part, keep each inmate locked into solitary confinement 23 hours out of each day. MSNBC has gone into the super-max prisons and interviewed inmates that have been in private lockdown for 10-15 years."
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Gay Marriage from a Sociological Perspective, 2006.
A discussion on gay marriage issues from a sociological perspective.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of gay marriage. Specifically it discusses the sociological perspective that marriage is the union of two sexes, not just the union of two people. According to the paper, it is the union of two families, and the foundation for establishing kinship patterns and family names, passing on property and providing the optimal environment for raising children.
From the Paper
"Many feel the acceptance of gay marriage is an extension of growing tolerance in our society, and a sign that society is becoming more liberal and more unified. However, not all of society accepts gay marriage, and this could be a sign there is a growing rift between two factions in society - the conservative and liberal. This could indicate that society is becoming less unified and more split over controversial issues such as the issue of gay marriage. As another writer notes, "Therefore, someone who moves off the sanctioned paths is doing something much more than just acting immorally; he is rejecting the goals of the society in which he lives" (Bidstrup). This threatens the foundation of society and society members, and of course, that is one reason many in society find the issue of gay marriage so troubling. Rather than showing society is becoming more unified, the issue shows society is becoming more fractioned and unstable."
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The Cyropaedia & The Ethics of Today, 2006.
A discussion regarding the Cyropeaedia in relation to modern day business ethics.
2,071 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how in recent years, the relationship between ethics and leadership within the business culture has emerged as a significant concern for regulatory agencies, business organizations and their corresponding management teams alike. The paper defines ethics as a term used to describe a set of values that describe what is right or wrong, good or bad. The paper then explains how the Cyropaedia, or the "Education of Cyrus", offers a classical account of an ideal leader, and can be used to analyze the ethical practices needed in our current day. This paper explains the manner in which ethics can inform human relations between the leaders and the follower.
From the Paper
"Individuals shape the corporate culture, especially those in management positions. A sound code of ethics for a business organization must deal with the responsibilities of managers and others in positions of leadership. This is comparable to the virtues of self-control, liberality and prudence practiced by Cyrus. Whatever the ethical stance or obligation of an organization, it is clear that individuals still have ethical obligations when they see something that is wrong, especially if it can cause great harm. The management of ethics in a business organization is a rational process for exploring all the possible behavior alternatives and selecting the best possible choice for all involved. This rational process builds from established foundations and principles to construct repeatable forms of ethical reasoning (Bottorff, 2004). Ethical flaws can be found at the foundation level, the principle level, or at the application level. "
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In-Vitro Fertilization, 2006.
A defensive examination of in-vitro fertilization (IVF).
1,256 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the technique of in-vitro fertilization, discusses basic reproductive science and describes all of the alternatives for increasing the chances of conception. The paper also discusses the conditions which cause infertility, the various infertility tests and conventional fertility treatments.. The paper then takes a look at the pros and cons of IVF, along with its successes and failures.
Outline
I. Introduction:
A. Infertility Definition.
B. Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART).
C. Ethical Bombshells and Pertinent Statistics on IVF.
II. The Process of In-Vitro Fertilization:
A. Suppression and Developing Eggs.
B. Retrieving Eggs.
C. Developing Embryos.
D. Transferring Embryos.
E. Preparing the Uterus.
F. Pregnancy Tests.
III. Fertility Options:
A. Fertility Drugs.
B. Intrauterine Insemination.
C. Microsurgery.
IV. Two Case Studies:
A. The Case of Charlie Whitaker--the decision to create human life to save another human life.
B. Aaron Zitner and questions on this case.
C. The Case of Joshua--using IVF to obtain bone marrow.
D. Questions on this case.
V. Conclusion:
A. The Present and Future State of IVF.
B. A Final Defense of IVF.
From the Paper
"Generally speaking, there exists four specific options which an individual/couple may use instead of in-vitro fertilization. First of all, some may opt for fertility drugs which affect the ovulation cycle and bring it up to par with normal processes. These drugs are usually superovulatory, such as Gonal F or Follistim which are given by injection and often require close monitoring. As a supportive note, this approach has succeeded in getting millions of women pregnant who otherwise never would have conceived in a natural way. Second, intrauterine insemination has been used for many years and is usually done by injecting semen directly into the uterus prior to ovulation. This is often done in tandem with superovulatory drugs in order to increase the rate of success.Third, for women with endometriosis or blocked fallopian tubes, microsurgery can often clear up the problem for a healthy pregnancy. However, the success rate is around fifty percent and even when successful, the fallopian tubes can at times become re-blocked which would require more surgery. Fourth, men who are found to be infertile due to blockages can receive microsurgery on the transport tube found in the penis. The effectiveness with this technique is also around fifty percent (Elder, 215).
Obviously, after all of this discussion, it is abundantly clear that in-vitro fertilization deserves to be considered by those individuals/couples who have experienced much difficulty in conceiving a child. "
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'The Rainmaker', 2006.
A discussion regarding Francis Ford Coppola's film adaptation of the best selling novel 'The Rainmaker' by John Grisham.
1,450 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
A review of Francis Ford Coppola's film adaptation of the best selling novel by John Grisham, 'The Rainmaker'. The paper discusses how the film explores several legal and ethical issues primarily associated with the evils of a huge and uncaring insurance company.
From the Paper
"Baylor even comments to Shifflet early in the film about the lack of ethics and loss of dignity that he is experiencing by drumming up business in hospitals from people injured in accidents. Another scene from the hospital continues the commentary on lawyers and their ethics. Baylor meets and hopes to represent a young woman, Kelly Riker, who has been beaten by her husband. As he tries to make her acquaintance and ingratiate himself as a lawyer, she challenges him by reminding him of the types of cases that lawyers sometimes take such as defending murderers, rapist, and child molesters. Baylor pauses a moment to reflect before declaring himself a civil lawyer as if to distance himself from the charges. However, Baylor understands the criticism and it stands to remind the audience of the position of lawyers in the society."
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Ethics and Morality, 2007.
This paper discusses the issue of ethics and morality within the business arena.
2,053 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that monetary markets, savings practices, and community faith in businesses all depend on the reliability of reviewed monetary reports. The writer notes that financiers believe that the business administrators will respect their dependability requirements by only issuing the absolutely accurate statements. However this belief goes down the drain when the corporations lose their sense of integrity and continuously re-establish their monetary reports. The writer points out that the current and potential accountants ought to be capable of deciding on or choosing a certain procedure keeping in mind the ethics and links of their actions to everything else without being afraid to challenge or change the already installed or practiced financial setup. The writer concludes that to guarantee the attribution of "professional" accounts have to, and ought to, consider the overall interests and benefits outside the corporation and their own selves.
Outline:
Introduction
Research
Differing Opinions
Personal Opinion
Incorporation of "body, mind, and heart"
An Understanding of Intricate Modifications
An Impression of Equilibrium
Value for Range and Differences
Holistic Perception
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Today's corporate leaders seem to be lacking both substance and heart, and surrounded in and around scandals and controversies. One of the most significant and recent examples of this is the disintegration of Arthur Andersen following the Enron disgrace. It only proposes that there are disturbing problems that need to be tackle by the accounting vocation and teaching. The frequent monetary reviewed reports that have been demanded lately only raises serious doubts and questions bout the teaching, training and integrity of the top monetary mangers in various corporations. Now, most definitely, it is hard to disregard the influence of the basic and allegedly worth-impartial economic hypothesis that at present governs administrative philosophy in numerous business institutions."
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