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Social Contract Theory, 2008.
This paper looks at the advantages and disadvantages of the social contract theory.
1,411 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at what the social contract theory holds morality to be as well as the apparent advantages and disadvantages of the theory as a guide for regulating the moral actions of everyday citizens. The paper looks at how the theory fails insofar as it insufficiently protects the disabled from mistreatment at the hands of others. The paper focuses on the sad case of Baby Theresa, a disabled child whose demise offers a poignant rebuttal of the social contract view that some creatures should be beyond moral consideration. The paper warns that once a society decides that utilitarian arguments should hold sway when it comes to who should live and die, it opens up the potential for large numbers of its citizens to be exploited brutally by others.
From the Paper
"In the view of Hobbes, morality is the practical solution to the question of how best human beings can interact with one another in a social context. Put another way, morality is needed (even if people do not see profound religious or philosophical reasons for its existence) because all of us need a stable and secure society if we are to enjoy all the benefits that should accrue to us as social beings (Rachel, 2003b). Seen in this light, one may present the case that a society committed to the social contract will work industriously to preserve the rights of all citizens - including the mentally-disabled. After all, if the rights of one group are undermined, then the rights of all other groups can easily be undermined, as well."
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Electronic Medical Records and Security, 2008.
This paper looks at the subject of electronic medical records, focusing on security and confidentiality issues.
2,906 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that advances in computer technology and the development of the Internet have enabled the healthcare community to maintain medical records electronically, which has been beneficial for patients and healthcare providers alike. The writer points out that there is also a downside to this system of electronic record keeping, for it also renders the private medical records of patients vulnerable to unauthorized access. The writer notes that the healthcare community has a professional and ethical responsibility to formulate and implement appropriate policies to deal with such risks. The writer discusses that the emergence of electronic medical records systems presents security challenges, for such records are far more vulnerable to unauthorized access by third parties than paper records kept in a doctor's office, a nursing station, or a clinic. The writer maintains that protecting the privacy of patients is essential, not only because of the vital importance of ethical medical treatment, but because of emerging confidentiality issues related to electronic medical records.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Literature Review
Discussion
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"The literature review clarifies that the healthcare community has a professional and ethical responsibility to formulate and implement appropriate policies to deal with the risks to confidentiality imposed by electronic medical record keeping. It is evident that the development and expansion of electronic medical records systems presents a wide range of security, ethics, and medical research interest challenges.
"The fundamental issue underlying all other issues is the fact that electronic medical records are far more vulnerable to unauthorized access by third parties than paper medical records were. Protecting the privacy of patients has always been essential because of the vital importance of providing ethical and confidential medical treatment, but it has also been essential to conduct medical research, which requires access to healthcare data on a general and individual patient basis. Consequently, everyone involved in this debate and affected by it must understand the implications of restricting electronic access to medical records."
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Aristotle and Moral Responsibility, 2008.
This paper provides an analysis of Aristotle's beliefs of moral responsibility.
705 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Aristotle's belief that human beings are morally responsible for their conception of the good life, which was based on his determination that every form of activity people engage in has an ultimate goal that they consider good. The paper explains Aristotle's argument that because there cannot be an endless regression of external motivations, an intrinsic motivation for achieving the highest good must exist. The paper further explains how moral responsibility extends across desires to the conduct those desires produce and to the ends such conduct achieves.
From the Paper
"Aristotle believed that we are morally responsible for our conception of the good life, and based this belief on his determination that every form of activity people engage in has an ultimate goal which they consider good. Furthermore, Aristotle argued that because there cannot be an endless regression of external motivations, there must be an intrinsic motivation for achieving the highest good. This highest good is the goal towards which all human activity is directed."
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The Use of Primates in Bio-medical Research, 2008.
An analysis of whether or not bio-medical testing on primates is worthwhile, despite the drawbacks.
2,021 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper examines to what extent bio-medical research is aided by the testing of primates. It provides an exploration into disease prevention using primates, discusses embryonic research and cloning and shows how the human behavioral processes in the mind can be disclosed through primate testing. The paper concludes that the literature is inconclusive and the testing of primates must be seriously re-examined.
From the Paper
"The hypothesis of this paper was that primate testing does benefit human beings enough to justify the use of these animals in projects. Ultimately though, the material uncovered does not support this thesis (except in limited cases) and it calls into question the determination of some in the scholarly community to resolutely persist with such testing. Furthermore, questions such as whether or not such testing offers insight into the fight against disease, the study of human cloning and embryonic research, and the study of the human mind, all failed to deliver clear-cut answers; in some respects, the use of these creatures works, and in other areas the conclusion is much more uncertain."
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Hobbes' and Machiavelli's Humanist Governing Principles, 2008.
This paper compares and contrasts humanistic governing principles in "The Prince" by Niccolo Machiavelli and "The Leviathan" by Thomas Hobbes.
2,263 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how Machiavelli and Hobbes analyze the dictates of governing institutions, religion and ethics. The paper shows how these two philosophers often agree, but differ on varying principles of practicality for humanistic governing bodies. The paper shows the complexity of rational thought that exists between Hobbes and Machiavelli and explains how the nature of ethics becomes a dynamic that divides them.
From the Paper
"The manner of politics that one can see in The Prince by Machiavelli reveals much about the cruel, and often-lawless manner of governing that seeks to suppress the people being ruled by their leaders. He makes little argument for unrealistic manners of ethical guidance that might smooth over these forceful behaviors of the leading class. By these means he tells us much about how rules matter little in the quest for power and dominance over the lesser classes. In starting, Machiavelli refused to be deflected by utopian dreams or romantic hopes and by questions of right and wrong or good and bad in government. This is how Hobbes and Machiavelli compare, since they both seek realism in their quest to discover the best and most efficient way to rule."
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Ethics and Energy Deregulation, 2008.
An analysis of whether the deregulation of the energy and in particular, the electricity sector can be completely ethical.
863 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the ethical considerations associated with the deregulation of energy, focusing on the electricity sector in the United States. The paper examines the issue from the perspective of both proponents (advantages) and critics (disadvantages) in order to attempt to ascertain if energy deregulation can be an ethical course of action.
From the Paper
"How can we reconcile these positions? Democratic, local control of power production is certainly a noble, even ethically important, goal. But if deregulation only results in more corporate control of energy production with less public oversight, it is certainly not an ethical choice. Perhaps the most ethical and rational path would be to remove government's monopolistic control while retaining the public's capacity to oversee the energy market. If policies were put into place regulate the actions of especially the major energy producers while encouraging the development of local, alternative power generation, then it might be possible to achieve the ideals of the deregulation proponents while avoiding the dangers of corporate corruption."
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Stem Cell Research, 2008.
This paper argues for the continuation of stem cell research.
995 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the debate regarding whether human embryos possess "human rights" and thus the right to live in the fully developed human sense. The paper discusses this ethical and controversial issue and strongly contends that stem cell research must be allowed to continue unabated while trying to find ways to circumvent the ethical dilemmas that hinder it.
Outline:
Introduction
Opposing Viewpoints
Pro Viewpoints
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In spite of these controversial issues, stem cell research must be allowed to continue unabated not only to find practical application in cell and organ transplantation and regenerative medicine, but also to alleviate the emotional burdens of all those involved in a patient's suffering. Embryonic stem cell research involves growing stem cells derived directly from human embryos and is the present method employed in growing stem cell colonies. Still in development is non-embryonic stem cell research, which seeks to circumvent the heated debates regarding whether human embryos possess "human rights" and thus the right to live in the fully developed human sense (Cort, 2005)."
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Philosophy of Leadership, 2008.
A discussion of leadership by comparing James Farr's "Leadership vs. Management", Plato's "Republic", Thomas Hobbes' "Leviathan", and Martin Luther King's "Letter from Birmingham Jail".
1,970 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper considers the need to master leadership skills as a means for effective leadership. The paper reviews the work of James Farr, "Leadership vs. Management", as a critique of ineffective and effective leadership. It then reviews the leadership suggestions of Plato as shown in the "Republic". The paper finds this model of leadership especially negative in its criticism of democracy. It next turns to Thomas Hobbes, and again finds him extremely negative in his outline of the state of nature and the need for absolute government as shown in the "Leviathan". The essay finally turns to Martin Luther King's "Letter from Birmingham Jail" and finds that this is a positive and effective model of leadership.
From the Paper
"Plato, for example, shows what he thinks our democratic society will become. It is a grim view, one I cannot endorse. In Book VIII of The Republic, he discusses society's descent to democracy, which he says follows the failure of an oligarchy. That is an order driven by fear of abject poverty (553c, 562b, 556c). Men show miserly respectability (553d), without control of reason or spirit. (551a, 553c, 556d). A few grow rich and shape the state they want, oppressing others. (552e, 5533, 564e)."
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Ethics in Philanthropy, 2008.
This paper considers ethics in philanthropy with regards to the Save the Children organization.
1,081 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews the Save the Children agency and discusses in brief its values and ethics. The paper examines an ethical dilemma which invariably arises when such organizations endeavor to assist at-risk children, specifically, should utilitarian and/or social justice considerations be taken into account or should another ethical mechanism be employed when determining who receives what? In the end, the paper decides that programs and aid geared towards helping children should be dispensed in a manner that is color-blind and free of gender-based considerations.
From the Paper
"The Save the Children agency is well-regarded for its many earnest efforts on behalf of the most vulnerable members of our society. Simply put, the values and ethics which guide this organization are laudable and in keeping with the most estimable ideals of American philanthropy. Specifically, the organization is wholly committed to seeing to it that children everywhere should receive all the assistance they can so that they can enjoy happy and fulfilling lives (Save the Children, 2007a). Additionally, the organization has pledged itself to the operational principles of accountability, collaboration and innovation and to giving children and the communities that serve them in the developing world the services, skills, and resources that will make it possible for young people in less-developed nations to reach their full human potential."
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Case Study: Global Communications, 2008.
This paper is a problem solving case study about Global Communications, which is adopting an outsourcing strategy to send the majority of its call center functions overseas.
3,265 words (approx. 13.1 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 93.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Global Communications' (GC) outsourcing strategy for its call center functions is a strong competitive decision; however, the methodology employed in arriving at the decision and in announcing it to employees, while disregarding the employee union, has left it in an ethical and communicative predicament. The author suggests that GC should have first aligned its corporate culture and human relations functions with the realities of the global marketplace. The paper suggests that GC should have formulated a new mission statement then adjusted its hiring and retention practices to match this new statement. The author states that only then should the company move forward with such a radical strategy. The paper includes original tables that summarize the problem solving process.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Problem Solving: Global Communications
Issue and Opportunity
Stakeholder Perspectives/Ethical Dilemmas
Problem Statement
End Vision
Alternative Solutions
Analysis of Alternative Solutions
Risk Assessment and Mitigation
Optimal Solution
Implementation Plan
Evaluation of Results
Conclusion
Table One: Issues, Opportunities and Concept
Table Two: Stakeholder Perspectives and Ethical Dilemmas
Table 3: Alternative Evaluation Matrix
Table 4: Risk Assessment & Mitigation
Table 5: Optimal Solution Implementation Plan
Table 6: Evaluation of Results
From the Paper
"There are three primary stakeholders involved in this situation and each is equally important. GC is a publicly held company and the shareholders expect it to be operated in a globally competitive manner and in a business environment where all major telecommunications competitors have, if not already outsourced call center operations, appear to be considering it, shareholders demand that GC take the lead in this strategy. Executive management is charged with the efficient and fiscally sound operation of the company and as such, they too must consider all competitive options."
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Mencius and Xunzi on Human Nature, 2008.
A discussion of the views of two influential Chinese philosophers from the third century B.C., Mencius and Xunzi, on human nature.
3,570 words (approx. 14.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 99.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the views of Mencius and Xunzi, Chinese philosophers from c. 300 B.C., who belonged to the school of thought of Confucius (551-479 BC). It compares their differing approaches to human nature and relates that while Mencius saw the individual as fundamentally good, Xunzi's viewed human nature as bad and in need of care and correction. The paper addresses the influence of these two extremely influential philosophers, whose contrasting approaches continue to be seen today in Chinese civilization. The paper concludes that their thoughts on human nature are timeless and, thus, they will continue to be reviewed and discussed for many years to come.
Outline:
Introduction
Human Nature as Corruptible
Man as Weak and Bad
Implications over Time
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"Mencius spent years moving from court to court and we presume that he had many chances to see how feudal rulers chose to lead. He was a sought after advisor to different rulers towards much thinking on what worked and what did not to restore order, for example, or prevent future troubles. He seems to have come up with something like the Social Contract that shaped Western thinking in the modern era in a model of a decent kind of leadership and attention to the needs of life and protecting citizens to which individuals could adhere. If a decent environment was not provided, then the people should be expected to overthrow those in power towards new leadership. In the view of Mencius, a ruler must show jen in humaneness, humanity and benevolence, as a very old Chinese concept indeed. (Chan Jen) There should also be the yi of righteousness and a sense of duty, if a ruler wanted to see righteousness, cooperation and industriousness amongst his subjects."
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Life Support Withdrawal: Family Decisions, 2008.
A research proposal exploring families' experiences with decisions of life-support withdrawal.
1,220 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper presents a research proposal tol explore and comprehend the experience of family members who are engaged in decision-making related to the withdrawal or withholding of life-sustaining interventions from another family member. The paper discusses the significance of the phenomenon to nursing and provides an overview of the methodology to be used in the study.
Outline:
Identification of Phenomenon of Interest
Statement of Research Purpose
Significance of the Phenomenon to Nursing
Research Question
Overview of Methodology
From the Paper
"The decision to remove life-sustaining interventions in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) comprises a momentous event that encapsulates diverse experiences for families. Since clients often are incapable of communication, family members may confront severe complexities or even dilemmas in attempting to make end-of-life care decisions. This is primarily because of the nature of technology that is used in the ICU which is actually used for to opposing purposes of prolonging and terminating life. Exploring families' experiences is a significant phenomenon of concern to clients' families and the health care team, as well as for the provision of client-centered care."
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