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Gender Inequities, 2008.
An overview of gender inequalities over the human lifespan.
1,359 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews gender inequities from childhood, adolescence, young adulthood, and the elderly with respect to their relationships in school, with family, in relationships and within the work force.
Outline:
Gender Inequalities and Socialization - Overview
Gender Differences in Children and Adolescence
Gender Inequalities at Work
Opposition to Equality Issues
From the Paper
"Other studies exploring gender inequities among young adults and middle-age adults exist and result primarily from lower feelings of self-confidence or the ability to succeed when placed in a competitive environment (Goodman, Cunningham & Lachapelle, 2002). For example, women are more likely to drop out of mathematical or engineering fields not because they are not able to do the work, but rather because society suggests that men are more capable in these fields, and thus dominate these fields, resulting in an indirect discrimination against women in primarily male-dominated fields (Goodman, Cunningham & Lachapelle, 2002)."
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AIDS in Differing Cultural Contexts, 2008.
This paper discusses how AIDS and the HIV virus is viewed in different cultural contexts.
1,917 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that in the case of sexually transmitted diseases, which includes AIDS, the historical media representation of behavior, causal concerns has been relatively poor, as the initial limitations of who and why people are infected play a part in media coverage as well as lack there of. The writer points out that in the case of the HIV virus, or the virus that causes AIDS the media takes center stage in creating frenzy as well as reducing public concern over the matter as a result of it being a behavior based infection, and what many consider illicit behavior at that. The writer maintains that creating a dialogue where real issues, such as what it means to be gay, what it means to be from the third world, or the first world for that matter and what STDs really are, must replace preconceived notions about the right and wrong of human behavior and even existence. The writer concludes that the human animal is a victim of a naturally occurring epidemic that must be controlled and hopefully someday eradicated, without prejudice.
From the Paper
"The readership and follower-ship of such alternative resources was frequently limited to those who had been personally affected by the disease, until such media grew a voice strong enough to make others understand that they needed to demand from the popular press a realistic representation of the disease and its far reaching potential as a scourge of devastation, not unlike many other epidemics of the past.
"The idea that because a disease is an STD it deserves less attention, was so pervasive that the perception of STDs in general was in need of change, as STDs, had up to this point been seen as annoying but hardly deadly, and created a causal situation, even when the victims where unaware of their own infection and unknown ability to spread the disease. STDs were given little press, and even less public information was developed and accessible, outside health clinics that had been established in a feminist demand for equality in health care."
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"Sex, Lies and Conversation", 2008.
A review of the article entitled "Sex, Lies and Conversation: Why is it So Hard for Men and Women to Talk to Each Other?" by Deborah Tannen.
840 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, in her article entitled "Sex, Lies and Conversation: Why is it So Hard for Men and Women to Talk to Each Other?", author Deborah Tannen examines the complex communication relationship that exists between men and women. Specifically, the paper looks at Tannen's point that, although men talk more in public, women talk more in the house and the result is a genuine communication breakdown which causes distress in marriages.
From the Paper
"However, as the research of Tennan shows, this is not the case. According to Tennan's research, the film What Women Want does nothing more than demonize men as being sexist and incapable of understanding women. In actuality, this is far from the truth. Instead, the feeling of being misunderstood is mutual, with both sides being at fault due to the role that gender upbringing creates. In other words, its not that men don't know what women want or that women don't know what men want, the issue is that men and women don't know how to talk to each other. Until this is understood, such stereotypical movies as What Women Want will continue to draw laughs."
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The Impact Of Same-Gender Grouping, 2008.
An analysis of the impact of same-gender grouping during a benchmark test administration on the performance of sixth grade science students.
4,277 words (approx. 17.1 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 113.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses a research which examines the impact of same-gender grouping during benchmark test administration on the performance of sixth grade science students who have otherwise received instruction in a co-gender classroom context.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Methodology
Key Terms and Definitions
Purpose of the Study
Significance of the Study
Literature Review
Summary of the Literature Reviewed
Conclusions
From the Paper
"The work of Thomas S. Dee entitled: "Teachers and the Gender Gaps in Student Achievement" offers an insight into the gender gaps that exist in education in today's schools. It is stated by Dee that: "this study presents new evidence on whether assignment to a same-gender teacher influences educational outcomes. And it uses these evaluation results to discuss how the gender interactions between students and teacher may shape the early evolution of gender gaps across academic subjects." (2006) Furthermore, the educational outcomes examined in this study include teacher perceptions of a student's performance and student perceptions of the subject taught by a particular teacher. These subjective outcomes are useful simply because they are educationally important outcomes that provide a complement to the results based on achievement scores." (Dee, 2006) The following table lists the 1999 NAEP scores stated by Dee in by subject, age and gender."
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Coping with Infidelity and Breakups, 2008.
This paper provides a study of strategies to reduce stress and anxiety in order to cope with infidelity and breakups.
7,064 words (approx. 28.3 pages), 27 sources, MLA, $ 158.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer discusses that the issue of stress and anxiety that is linked to relationship betrayal and breakdown poses a particular challenge to contemporary psychological and relationship counseling. The paper presents an overview of the problem of infidelity and relationship breakdown mainly in the context of modern developed countries like the Unites States - while reference is also made to the permutations of the problem in other countries in the world. The central focus of this paper, however, is on the way that stress and anxiety can be dealt with in the two gender groups. This refers to the differences and similarities in the way that stress and anxiety is experienced by men and women; and the way that they cope with the trauma of divorce and infidelity. The last section of the paper deals with counseling strategies and methods of dealing with this issue, as well as some theoretical stances and trajectories that has been found to be useful in this regard.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Extent of the Problem
Psychological and other Consequences
Differences in Gender in Relation to Stress and Anxiety
Coping Strategies
General Coping Strategies and Advice
Coping Strategies for Women
Self-Esteem
Coping Strategies of Men
Counseling and Stress Reduction
Conclusion
Reference List
From the Paper
" The above view underlines a cardinal aspect of the way that divorce in particular, as well as other forms of relationship breakdown, negatively influences a wide circle of people. The effect that relationship breakdown has on the family and on children is a significant factor in determining the extent of the problem, in that these aspects can add to and increase stress and anxiety. In other words, in the assessment of the extent and range of the effects of marital breakdown, the other individuals who are affected beside the man and woman, tend to contribute to the overall situation and to the stress and anxiety factors. For example, children may become disruptive as result of the stress of the relationship conflict, which in turn leads to an increase in the problematics of the situation."
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Human Sexuality, 2008.
This paper looks at the role of gender and human sexuality.
2,434 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer maintains that the role of gender and sexuality is certainly not fixed, as suggested by Darwin. Instead, the writer claims that many aspects of femininity and masculinity are related to power. Furthermore, power can impact the role of gender both inside and outside of personal relationships. The writer notes, as an example, that economic power over slaves resulted in the development of puritanical sexual mores in modern-day Jamaicans. However, the writer points out that economic power by Western tourists has resulted in a female sex tourist industry in that same country. Therefore, the writer concludes that researchers who attempt to study issues surrounding sexuality and gender must be careful to guard against their own bias, and also be aware of the various cultures that have previously interacted with the subjects of their studies.
From the Paper
"Furthermore, it is important to realize that researchers in disciplines like sociology and anthropology are rarely documenting solely naturally-occurring phenomenon. On the contrary, the very presence of the researcher changes the social situation. For many years, the presence of researchers was thought to have minimal impact on the people being studied, as long as the researchers made conscious efforts to avoid impacting and changing the studied society. However, this idea is patently false. The very presence of people from other cultures has an impact on a society. Furthermore, one need only watch a reality television show and the outrageous behavior displayed on such programs to understand that the knowledge that one's behavior is being documented and recorded can have an impact on that behavior. Therefore, it is important for one to understand that even a perfectly neutral researcher is going to have some impact on the behavior of the people that he or she is studying; it is simply impossible to introduce an outside observer to a situation without impacting that situation in some manner. Furthermore, whether the researcher's impact is significant or insignificant is something that the researcher cannot determine, because they have only observed the studied population after introducing themselves to the situation. In that way, one must concede that there is no organic modern anthropological research, but that it has all been tainted, in varying degrees, by the presence of the researchers studying it."
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Diet and Fertility, 2008.
An interpretive overview of literature relating to diet and fertility.
1,915 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a literature review dealing with with aspects aligned to the findings from the research article entitled, "Semen Quality of Fertile U.S. Males in Relation to their Mothers Beef Consumption during Pregnancy" by Swan et al. The paper also explores related and concomitant areas of concern that can shed further light on the hypothesis that the ingestion of steroids and other elements via beef by a mother may negatively affect sperm count.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Interpretive Overviews of the Links between Diet and Fertility
General Findings and Studies
Specific Indicators: Prenatal Diet, Environment, Ecology and Fertility
Conclusion
From the Paper
"An impressive overview of this aspect is 'Could hormone residues be involved?' by Frederick S. vom Saal. This paper was written partly as response to the study by Swan et al. Commenting on these findings; the author of 'Could hormone residues be involved?' suggests that, "There is extensive evidence that maternal nutrition and maternal consumption of specific nutrients, drugs and chemicals present in food during pregnancy and lactation can have consequences for subsequent pathophysiology of offspring.""
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Rape in Organized Crime, 2008.
This paper provides a critical analysis of rape in organized crime, particularly prostitution and human trafficking for the sex trade industry.
17,500 words (approx. 70.0 pages), 94 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a critical analysis of rape in organized crime, particularly prostitution and human trafficking for the sex trade industry. It includes the history of rape in organized crime of prostitution and the cultural norms that promoted and advanced this industry during olden times. Thereafter this paper highlights the present dilemma of rape in organized crime of prostitution and human trafficking. Subsequently, the scope of organized crime of prostitution and human trafficking is discussed. Then cultural and societal issues promoting rape and prostitution are highlighted. Next, this paper discusses the underlying causes of rape, prostitution and human trafficking. After that, the reasons for using rape and the effect it has on organized crime are revealed. Subsequently, the impact of rape on the trafficked women and children is uncovered. Consequently, this paper exposes the impact of rape on the organized crime industry of prostitution. Lastly, this paper discusses the relationship between rape, prostitution and law. In addition, there is also an account for why this abhorrent crime has a low reporting and conviction rate in the developed world.
Outline:
Introduction
Section 1: History of Rape and Prostitution
Section 2: The Present Dilemma of Rape in Organized Crime of Prostitution and Human Trafficking
Section 3: The Scope of Organized Crime of Prostitution and Human Trafficking
Section 4: Cultural and Societal Issues Promoting Rape and Prostitution
Section 5: The Underlying Causes of Rape, Prostitution and Human Trafficking
Economic Aspect of Prostitution and Rape
The Relationship between Poverty and Feminization
Underground Economy and Corruption
Individual Factors of Prostitutes
Section 6: Why Rape is Used and the Effect it has in Organized Crime
Ensnaring
Establishing Dependence
Seizing Control
Total Supremacy
Section 7: The Impact of Rape and Violence on the Trafficked Women
Section 8: The Impact of Rape and Prostitution on the Organized Crime Industry
Section 9: Rape, Prostitution and Law
Reasons for Non-Reporting
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"In addition, Leuchtag (2003) asserts that human trafficking for sexual exploitation is quite rarely taken up as a human rights violation. In fact more often than not, it is taken up as a national security issue and/or illegal immigration issue. In addition, very often governments and the criminal justice systems complicate human trafficking with smuggling. What is common across both smuggling and human trafficking is that both involve movement of goods/people across borders through unofficial channels (Leuchtag, 2003). Raymond (2002) in his study criticized the amalgamation of human trafficking with smuggling. He argues that one involves the consent of the parties involved, that is, the exporter and the importer of goods; while the other is a form of slavery being carried out by the organized crime mafia. Moreover, the movement of people across borders involves sexual exploitation and gross violation of basic human rights (Raymond, 2002). The trafficked people are mostly from the poorest part of the world that has been deprived of the basic rights and privileges to begin with. They are taken from being in a position of misery to further suffering in the form of rape, abuse, torture and battering (Carrington and Hearn, 2003)."
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Girls and Computer Gaming, 2008.
Looks at girls and the computer gaming industry from both a feminist and a marketing perspective.
8,585 words (approx. 34.3 pages), 35 sources, MLA, $ 181.95
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Abstract
This research paper focuses on the significant gender discrepancy in the amount and form of computer use. The writer points out that, as the general public acknowledges that in order for children and youth to participate in this new and quickly changing technical world, they must have a certain degree of interest, comfort and competence in computer use. It is, therefore, the responsibility of society to ensure that girls are just as competent as their male peers in computer use. The paper then attempts to determine the reason for the gender difference in computer games and what changes are required to enhance girls' computer literacy.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Feminism and Computer Games
Girls vs. Boys Computer Gaming Interest and Usage
Computer Games for Girls
Marketing Girls' Computer Games
Game Playing Statistics
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The impact of these social constructions is very real. They are part of a connection that exists between computer games and later interest and skills in technology that begins even before adolescence and continues throughout a person's lifetime that deals specifically with the gender issue. Females are socialized away from game play, which leads to a self-fulfilling prophesy for technology use: Girls who do not play become women who do not use computing technology or go into the computing fields of endeavor."
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Battered Person Syndrome, 2008.
An analysis of the equality of the battered wife defense and the battered husband defense in a court of law.
1,718 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the development of the concept of the battered wife and the use of the battered wife syndrome defense in a court of law. It then goes on to discuss the equality of this law and the emergence of the battered husband defense. The paper argues that the courts need to look at each case on its own merits with the same criteria for both men and women.
From the Paper
"Many individuals are upset about this decision. Given the unequal treatment of women over the history of the United States and that there still exist questions of equality of the two genders in many aspects of society, it is understandable that those who support women's rights are not pleased about this ruling. Also, much of this concern rightly comes from the fact that many battered women have been left unprotected by a society that refused to protect them. When many of these women chose life over death, they were prosecuted and had to spend many years improperly imprisoned. Those in the legal profession did not know or care enough or were too biased to defend these women based on their abusive situations."
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Self-Harm in Adolescent Females, 2008.
This paper explores the practice of deliberate self-harm in adolescent females.
6,875 words (approx. 27.5 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 155.95
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Abstract
This paper begins by defining self-harm and differentiating between this practice and suicide attempts. The paper then examines predisposing factors and the gender differences in self-harm behaviors. In addition, the paper provides an in-depth review of the literature and explores the treatment and prevention of this phenomenon.
Outline:
Part I: Introduction
Part II: Review of the Literature
Part III: Treatment and Prevention
Part IV: Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"It is important and difficult for families and friends of self-harming individuals to make the differentiation between this practice and suicide attempts since both behaviors are "self-directed and dangerous." (Centre for Suicide Prevention, 2001) However, it has been recognized by researchers that the individual who engages in self-harm has no intention to kill themselves or die as an outcome of the harm caused to themselves. This disorder is one in which the individuals get relief from the self-harm on some psychological level. While the self-harm and suicide are not always co-existent, it is important to remain that these two disorders may co-exist in the individual. Self-harm, with no intent to die has been known to result in death due to accidental cuts to main arteries."
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Can We Be Friends After A Breakup?, 2008.
This paper reviews five scholarly studies in an effort to answer the question of whether or not individuals can be friends after ending a romantic relationship.
3,559 words (approx. 14.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 99.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that one of the most enduring questions regarding life, love, and the perpetuation of the growth of the individual through developed interpersonal communication, is whether or not there can be friendship after a romantic relationship has ended. This paper asserts that popular contemporary opinion, as well as anecdotal evidence, has a mixed answer. One side says a couple can never go from being lovers to friends and it's unhealthy to try. While still others say that becoming friends is the only realistic way to recover, in the long term and learn from what went right wrong in the relationship. However, the paper shows that there is also a popular idea that becoming friends after a breakup just depends on the individuals involved, the depth of the relationship, and the manner in which the relationship ended. This work reviews five scholarly research articles seeking out definitive qualitative and quantitative evidence for the answer to this question.
From the Paper
"The findings of the article lead some credence to the idea that the individual's level of distress post break-up and the eventuality of the relationship ending in the two people being friends has significant correlation to the length of time since the break-up, the level of health in the relationship, the perception of individual investment in the relationship and most importantly whether the two individuals were friends before they became romantically involved. The hints then that this work offer to the broader question is then relatively easy to assess, the most important factors in order are, if the individuals were friends before the romantic involvement, the time it has been since the relationship ended, and lastly the level of overall health and satisfaction that existed in the relationship while it was still intact. (Sprecher, Felmlee, Metts, Fehr & Vanni 791-809) The equation is then rather simple, if there is a basis for friendship, a healthy overall relationship and if enough time has passed there is a good chance that a post-relationship friendship will develop that could potentially lead to a lasting social development phase that helps both parties navigate the rights and wrongs of the relationship and possibly change themselves for the better, for the next relationship. The equation is the opposite, if it is to soon emotionally, the relationship was overall unhealthy and lastly if the two people have little if any basis for a friendship in the history of their time together then a friendship will not likely be even worth attempting. (Sprecher, Felmlee, Metts, Fehr & Vanni 791-809)"
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