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Rape in Organized Crime, 2008.
This paper provides a critical analysis of rape in organized crime, particularly prostitution and human trafficking for the sex trade industry.
17,500 words (approx. 70.0 pages), 94 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a critical analysis of rape in organized crime, particularly prostitution and human trafficking for the sex trade industry. It includes the history of rape in organized crime of prostitution and the cultural norms that promoted and advanced this industry during olden times. Thereafter this paper highlights the present dilemma of rape in organized crime of prostitution and human trafficking. Subsequently, the scope of organized crime of prostitution and human trafficking is discussed. Then cultural and societal issues promoting rape and prostitution are highlighted. Next, this paper discusses the underlying causes of rape, prostitution and human trafficking. After that, the reasons for using rape and the effect it has on organized crime are revealed. Subsequently, the impact of rape on the trafficked women and children is uncovered. Consequently, this paper exposes the impact of rape on the organized crime industry of prostitution. Lastly, this paper discusses the relationship between rape, prostitution and law. In addition, there is also an account for why this abhorrent crime has a low reporting and conviction rate in the developed world.
Outline:
Introduction
Section 1: History of Rape and Prostitution
Section 2: The Present Dilemma of Rape in Organized Crime of Prostitution and Human Trafficking
Section 3: The Scope of Organized Crime of Prostitution and Human Trafficking
Section 4: Cultural and Societal Issues Promoting Rape and Prostitution
Section 5: The Underlying Causes of Rape, Prostitution and Human Trafficking
Economic Aspect of Prostitution and Rape
The Relationship between Poverty and Feminization
Underground Economy and Corruption
Individual Factors of Prostitutes
Section 6: Why Rape is Used and the Effect it has in Organized Crime
Ensnaring
Establishing Dependence
Seizing Control
Total Supremacy
Section 7: The Impact of Rape and Violence on the Trafficked Women
Section 8: The Impact of Rape and Prostitution on the Organized Crime Industry
Section 9: Rape, Prostitution and Law
Reasons for Non-Reporting
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"In addition, Leuchtag (2003) asserts that human trafficking for sexual exploitation is quite rarely taken up as a human rights violation. In fact more often than not, it is taken up as a national security issue and/or illegal immigration issue. In addition, very often governments and the criminal justice systems complicate human trafficking with smuggling. What is common across both smuggling and human trafficking is that both involve movement of goods/people across borders through unofficial channels (Leuchtag, 2003). Raymond (2002) in his study criticized the amalgamation of human trafficking with smuggling. He argues that one involves the consent of the parties involved, that is, the exporter and the importer of goods; while the other is a form of slavery being carried out by the organized crime mafia. Moreover, the movement of people across borders involves sexual exploitation and gross violation of basic human rights (Raymond, 2002). The trafficked people are mostly from the poorest part of the world that has been deprived of the basic rights and privileges to begin with. They are taken from being in a position of misery to further suffering in the form of rape, abuse, torture and battering (Carrington and Hearn, 2003)."
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Globalization and Nuclear Terrorism, 2008.
This paper looks at the increasing risk of nuclear terrorism in a flat world.
767 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
The writer looks at globalization in a flat world as described by Thomas Friedman who outlines a situation that is even more dangerous than a time when only nation states had access to nuclear technology. In this article, the writer discusses that today, geopolitical conflicts based in ideological differences combined with the economic realities of globalism have given rise to a situation where the destructive power of nuclear weapons may soon no longer be confined to nation states. The writer maintains that it is a problem of such proportions and magnitude that its importance dwarfs the relative importance of nearly every other conceivable problem. The writer concludes that there are grave consequences of failing to control the global economy more effectively and of failing to increase our financial assistance to those regions where poverty rather than ideological sympathy for terrorists, motivates cooperation between those with access to nuclear material and those who wish to attack the United States.
Outline:
Background and History of the Problem
From the Paper
"The Cold War bankrupted the Soviet Union by demanding so much economic investment that ordinary Russian citizens lived a perpetual life of extreme deprivation. Even the vast Russian military eventually was unable to pay many of its career soldiers and the many scientists and technicians responsible for safeguarding its nuclear facilities and materials. Since the end of the Cold War in 1990, many of its nuclear facilities have been shut down, but not reliably secured. As a result, vast amounts of highly enriched Uranium is susceptible to theft for sale on the international black market. Even the nuclear scientists and technicians still employed in the Soviet Union earn significantly less than what would be considered minimum wage in this country and therefore, have tremendous incentive to use their access to nuclear materials to supplement their incomes. "
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Intelligence Community, 2008.
This paper discusses intelligence operations in particular with regards to terrorism.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the Intelligence Community established through the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 represents the institutional response to the new threats encompassed by recent developments in the world and the new challenges facing national and international security. The writer maintains that it is rather hard to ascertain the degree in which restructuring of the intelligence services is successful or not. The writer concludes that any positive result implies the prevention and deterrence of terrorist actions and nuclear unrest, while the negative results would manifest through a remake of the 9/11 attacks or the escalation of tensions between states around the world.
From the Paper
"Secondly, the Intelligence Community in the US had to face the evolving situation nuclear proliferation projected. In this sense, it is important to underline the simmering threat a developed North Korean nuclear program represents for the international community. Also, states such Iran, India, Pakistan have been continuously undergoing nuclear activities from which terrorist factions could benefit taking into account the unstable or even weak state authority present in the respective countries."
"Thirdly, in the wake of the 9/11 attacks, homeland security became an issue that had to be addressed by all the segments of the Administration with attributions in the field. A wider and more organized approach was vital for the establishment of a well structured security framework that would allow US citizens to exercise their rights in a free of fear internal environment."
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The U..S Department of Homeland Security, 2008.
A critical look at the U..S Department of Homeland Security (DHS).
1,475 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the establishment and goals of the Department of Homeland Security and then discusses the success in the mission behind its creation. The paper concludes that, at this point, it is too early to rate the DHS as a success or a failure.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Background
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The geospatial collection of intelligence would be different from the individual agencies. The geospatial Department of Homeland Security would bring under its umbrella those agencies which might have information that could, through analysis and dissemination, serve to improve and support the flow of information to the independent agencies that could then act in concert with a shared information data base, and pursue and perform their individual mission functions and provide a greater security for America."
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Intelligence Failures, 2008.
A look at events in history that have been influenced by intelligence failures.
1,089 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how intelligence operations are essential for the conduct of foreign policy as well as the protection of the national territory and the preservation of homeland security. The paper explains that since gathering intelligence involves people and is difficult to control, there is always the possibility of failure, as in the Cuban Missile crisis, World War II events that took place at Pearl Harbor and the 9//11 attacks on the World Trade Center.
From the Paper
"One of the moments in contemporary history which is considered to have been influenced by intelligence failure was the Cuban Missile crisis during the Kennedy Administration. More precisely, reports following the actual crisis underlined the lack of proper interpretation of the information on the deployment of the soviet missiles in Cuba which spurred the crisis.
"I chose this particular example because I consider it to be a milestone in the information gathering process seeing the evolution from the pre World War II era (Rohwer, 1999) and, at the same time, it marked an important event in the Cold War era. Following the World War, policies modernized, due to the influx of technology and the increase in the operability of the staff engaged in secret data gathering."
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The U.S. Intelligence Community, 2008.
This paper discusses the future of the U.S. intelligence community.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the U.S. intelligence community has always been an interesting topic among those interested in politics and how it relates to terrorism. This has been particularly the case since the 9/11 attacks. The writer discusses that while the government refuses to relax its stranglehold upon citizens and non-citizens alike, opponents have been increasingly critical of the lack of focus and general incompetence of the U.S. community. The writer then assertst that,
whichever one's view, the most important fact in developing this view is to regard the issue without an excess of emotion, and with critical attention. The writer concludes that the United States of America has the resources and the power to reinvent itself and to be better for each citizen than it has ever been before. In order to do this, official agencies should start to think in a broader sense again.
From the Paper
"The Intelligence Community has handled the terrorism issue in such a way that, rather than protect the country, it is slowly suffocating its citizens from the inside. Rather than targeting real problem areas, citizens are being harassed while they are told it is for their own good. The worst is that some citizens believe this and even actively endorse the Intelligence Community in its efforts to completely eradicate freedom and the right to privacy. Indeed, intelligence efforts are spinning out of control, as officials find themselves above the law, and licensed to whatever they wish in the name of the war on terrorism. Freedom, democracy, and basic human rights are completely forgotten."
"Other questionable practices perpetrated by the Intelligence Community and particularly by the CIA, is lobbying. Indeed, it uses its connections with certain groups in order to gain public favor for the agency and for issues it wishes to advocate."
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Patriot Act, 2008.
This paper discusses and argues against the Patriot Act.
1,843 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that the Patriot Act is perhaps the most controversial piece of legislation in the United States today. The paper explains that any debate that the Act destroys the liberty and equality that are the country's very foundations while others feel that the Act provides the citizens of the United States with security, and that for this, it is necessary to give up some freedom. Indeed, these arguments use, as their basis, the preservation of the "American" way of life. The writer then argues that, ironically, this way of life is the very thing being threatened by the legislation. The writer concludes that the Patriot Act does more harm than good as it harms freedoms and tolerance that have been cultivated over many stormy centuries in the country's history.
Outline:
Background
Pros and Cons
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the view of many citizens, the hasty inception of the Act is a result of the imminent terrorist threat that loomed in the wake of September 11. However, far more sinister forces than a government that has the well-being of its country at heart, are involved. Indeed, most will be surprised to find that several of the provisions especially relating to electronic surveillance, were proposed before the attacks. These received heavy criticism before the disaster, but afterward were included in the Act without question.
"One of the political reasons for the quick introduction of the Patriot Act was the actions of Attorney General John Ashcroft. Under his authority, Congress had only one week for the decision to pass the bill without changing its content. The Attorney General heightened the political anxiety level by warning that further attacks were likely to be imminent. Hence, even with changes and improvements, the Patriot Act was introduced much sooner than it should have been, and with much less debate. Indeed, many of the improvements were overridden by the hasty negotiations necessary to pass the bill."
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Torture Defined, 2008.
A descriptive essay on torture, covering the historical background and the support for and against this treatment.
2,046 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
The paper defines torture and describes the two types of torture, physical and mental. The paper elucidates on the results of torture having life-long negative emotional and psychological effects. The paper then also describes torture as the utilization or threatened utilization of mind and body altering drugs, or the threat of imminent death or severe physical or mental pain. . The paper concludes that there is ample evidence that there is little if any validity to the use of torture in actually gaining information, or making the world a safer place, in fact in the case of terrorists our own acts of hypocrisy further feed the fire of hatred for the West and all she stands for.
Outline:
Introduction
History of Torture
Support for Torture
Arguments against Torture
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The work then goes on to describe the utilization or threatened utilization of mind and body altering drugs, the threat of imminent death, or the threat of imminent death or severe physical or mental pain to another. (29) In this message the acknowledgement of the legal and social restrictions of the use of torture is not only implied but demonstratively agreed upon by the preeminent legal body of the United States. It would seem strange then that this nation and others who have taken public stands against the utilization of torture continue to keep it in their own arsenal of tactics for use against those who are perceived as threatening to the nation or the world. In fact in Levinson's introduction it is stated that at the time of the compilation and publish of the work 130 nations had ratified the United Nations Convention Against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, which went into force in 1987 some nations and organizations have spoken out individually in addition through national legislation and the ratification of other documents which are to be considered core national and international doctrines and law, and yet torture still occurs on a daily basis, and is condoned and utilized even by those nations that profess through official means to never use or condone it, including but certainly not limited to the US, Great Britain and Israel, all of who have been found in legal arenas to be guilty of it. Levinson even quotes a confessed and convicted torturer as saying that when we as a world stop speaking out against torture in official ways, we as a world will cease to be human. Of coarse this is not to say that rogue nations, terrorists and other political bodies do not also use such tactics, as can be seen in the autobiographical work, Prisoner Without a Name, Cell Without a Number, by Jacobo Timmerman. The work accounts a long ordeal of torture and imprisonment at the hands of the Argentinean government under a totalitarian regime in the 1970s. "
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Terrorism in Afghanistan, 2008.
This paper discusses the resurgence of terrorism in Afghanistan and its repercussions for the United States and the world.
985 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper explains why the U.S. began anti-terrorist activities in Afghanistan in 2002 and why United Nations forces are still in Afghanistan today. The paper discusses how terrorism against foreign forces and opposition to the current democratic government are on the rise in Afghanistan today. The paper concludes that until the government can prove that it will provide a better lifestyle for all Afghan people, bin Laden and his Taliban will continue to grow and gain the confidence of the people.
From the Paper
"Terrorism is not new to Afghanistan. The Afghan people have lived through several monarchies and regimes, and in December 1979, they were invaded by the Soviet Union. It took ten years, but insurgents and Afghan rebels defeated the Soviets in 1989. One of the insurgents who fought tirelessly against the Soviets was Osama bin Laden. He formed his al-Qaeda network to recruit and train terrorists to fight against the Soviets. After the Soviet-Afghan War ended, bin Laden returned to his home in Saudi Arabia, but continued his terrorist tactics, which eventually got him banned from his home country and began his intense hatred of the United States. He returned to Afghanistan and continued to recruit and train terrorists."
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Benefits of Stem Cell Research, 2008.
An argument that the medical benefits of stem cell research outweigh the ethical and religious dilemmas surrounding the practice.
2,411 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the diseases that are the focus of stem cell research and relates that stem cells can be used to test new drugs and can replicate specific cells which will then grow into human organs. The paper then looks at the opposition to stem cell research and explains how many claim it is ethically unsound and a form of murder of an unborn fetus, while others believe that stem cell research will someday lead to cloning human beings. The paper asserts that there should be some form of regulation regarding human cloning, but stem cell research should be funded and encouraged by the government. The paper contends that stem cell research will save lives and could bring an end to many debilitating conditions that millions of people around the world suffer from and die from each year.
From the Paper
"Stem cells hold the promise for the future in many areas of medicine. Basically, stem cell research attempts to discover how a healthy cell reproduces itself into an organism, and how healthy cells replace cells that are damaged in the body. Some scientists refer to stem cell research as "regenerative or reparative medicine" (Editors, 2006). These cells are important for a wide variety of reasons, but especially because they hold the promise of some day eradicating many common diseases and illnesses that today are incurable."
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Federal Courthouse Closed Door Policies, 2008.
This paper discusses federal courthouses' closed door policies with regards to death row inmates.
792 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
The paper provides research that supports the thesis that federal courthouse doors should remain closed to those on death row, to ensure finality is reached on all issues unlikely to succeed in the courthouse. The paper discusses how if criminal offenders have access to adequate counsel during their preliminary hearings, there is no reason to assume they require additional petitions at the federal or the state level.
From the Paper
"In the U.S. the issue of equality before the law has always been one of primary importance. This is evidenced by the fact that all citizens, even those accused of federal crimes warranting death penalty, have an opportunity to appeal with new information (Snyder, 1998). All criminals regardless of their crimes however, are provided equal opportunity and access to counsel and legal advisors, even if court appointed. There are those however, that argue federalism concerns arise under "equal protection rationale" (Snyder, 1998:2211). Under this theory, legal researchers note that forcing state representatives to provide counsel and additional appeals may decrease the federal governments "intrusion on state power" (Snyder, 1998:2211). This suggests death row inmates who have additional counsel at the state level will "have fewer habeas petitions" as those petitioning will have significant time and support to substantiate and pursue any claims they have about their case (Snyder, 1998:2212)."
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America, the Land of the Free, 2008.
This paper is an intensive research study of 35 Persian-American women who escaped abusive partners.
22,050 words (approx. 88.2 pages), 75 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the horrors that women of Iran endure at the hands of abusive males. It also looks at the history of the abuse and what it means to be a woman in Iran. The paper then examines the lives of 35 women who made the successful transition from being a battered Persian wife, to an independent and successful Persian-American woman (PAW). Through an intensive interview process this paper provides a solid understanding of what abused women in Iran face and what it takes for them to begin again. The paper explores the women's previous lives, their flight to safety and the hurdles they overcame once they arrived. The tangible issues including employment, language barriers and other things are discussed as well as the intangible issues including the difficulty overcoming a mindset that had been instilled for generations. The paper examines the successes and failures that these women faced and helps to illustrate the importance of a world statement for an end to abuse against women in Iran.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Statement of Problem
History Persian-Islamic Women
Interview
Interview results and discussion
Literature review
Suggestions
Study Limitations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The final section of the questionnaire consisted of common demographic questions to describe the sample and to use in further analyzing the constraints. The demographic items included age, occupation, education, family income per month, personal income, marital status, number of children, and perceived health.
A pilot study was conducted with 40 Iranian women randomly selected in the 25-40 years age group. The procedures for sample selection and questionnaire distribution were piloted along with the actual questionnaire content. Ten items were omitted from the questionnaire after the pilot testing analysis was conducted. One item from the activity list was discarded along with nine items from the constraints items. If correlations between an item and the other items in the measured area were not significant at the .01 level, the item was eliminated. These items were also compared to the Cronbach's alpha reliability test and deleted if the alpha statistic was low."
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