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Capital Punishment of the Mentally Handicapped, 2008.
A review of "Of Mice and Men," written by John Steinbeck and the question of whether mentally retarded individuals should receive capital punishment.
1,445 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the controversial issue of whether mentally retarded individuals should receive capital punishment for criminal offenses. It analyzes the book "Of Mice and Men," written by John Steinbeck, in order to illustrate these points. The paper discusses the outcome in the novel and questions the attitudes that are revealed in the book. It also describes how the character may have been dealt with differently in today's world.
From the Paper
"Many people believe that the mentally retarded should receive capital punishment if they murder a person and can be considered dangerous. Harrison Kane believes that a mentally retarded individual should receive punishment if it is "deemed equitable, just, and proportional if it fits the harm done by the offender and his or her established level of culpability" ((31). Kane states that IQ is a factor in whether a person should receive the death sentence, but it should not be the only factor. Perhaps Kane would have felt that Lennie should receive the death penalty because he could be considered dangerous because he killed a mouse, a dog, and a human. However, did Lennie know that he was going to kill these?"
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Immigration and Healthcare, 2008.
This paper argues that the correlation between illegal immigration and hospital closures is unproven.
2,316 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer discusses the issue of illegal immigration and health care in the US. The writer notes that one aspect of this issue is that illegal immigration is blamed for the deteriorating quality of health care in the Unites States. Specifically, the writer points out that illegal immigration is often blamed for the closing of hospitals. This essay examines hospital closures in California, an area hard-hit by the influx of illegal aliens. The writer concludes that illegal immigration and its attendant costs played only a minimal role in recent hospital closures, so that the link between immigration and hospital closure is, at best, not proven.
From the Paper
"The cost of care that a hospital must provide before it can safely discharge a patient can be very extensive and extremely expensive. In the first case in which the United States Supreme Court dealt with EMTALA, the patient was life-flighted to a hospital. In emergency surgery, doctors removed her spleen. She then remained in acute care, on a ventilator, for some two months. At the point when the hospital was about to transfer her to a nursing home, she developed severe complications and had to be returned to acute care for an additional six months."
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The Organizing Construct of U.S Foreign Policy, 2007.
This paper argues that the Bush War on Terror has replaced the Truman Cold War as the organizing construct of U.S foreign policy.
785 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper states that both the Cold War and the present-day War on Terror doctrines are excellent examples of a "good-versus-evil" paradigm that paints U.S. international affairs in unsophisticated shades of black and white. The author points out that the Bush doctrine is wholly committed to pre-empting terror and not merely interested in containing it as in the Truman Cold War doctrine. The paper concludes that both approaches call for a vigilant and aggressive America that seeks to advance its own security wherever it is deemed necessary.
From the Paper
"In many respects, it may be said that the Truman Doctrine began the "policy of containment" whereby the United States would aggressively confront any expansion of communism outside of the USSR and Eastern Europe. By comparison, the Bush Doctrine - while it would certainly seem amenable to offering military and financial support to foreign countries that are genuinely eager to engage the terrorist threat - is much more about pre-emption than about containment."
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"Abortion through a Feminist Ethics Lens", 2007.
An overview of abortion from a feminist ethics stance through a review of "Abortion through a Feminist Ethics Lens" by Susan Sherwin.
1,896 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper offers a critique of a work by Susan Sherwin, "Abortion through a Feminist Ethics Lens," which takes the stance that abortion is appropriate within the individual contexts of many women's lives and should be determined by the needs and concerns of women - and not by the needs and concerns of the fetus. The paper outlines Sherwin's major conclusions on this important topic and the premises which underlie her position. The paper also notes several counter-arguments which can be raised in objection to her views. It concludes that while her article certainly has merit, she fails to satisfactorily consider the implications of her thought on some matters.
From the Paper
"Most non-feminist perspectives on abortion consider the moral or the legal permissibility of the act in isolation whereas feminist perspectives look at abortion within the context of institutions that (allegedly) seek to subordinate women. Also, whereas other perspectives look at abortion within the context of abstract constructions such as property rights, feminist perspectives seek to look at abortion within the context of a woman's particular needs when she chooses this course of action. Going further, feminists argue that the moral dimensions of the discussion extend beyond simply whether or not abortion is right or wrong; they must also include a discussion about whether or not abortion clinics and services are accessible to women contemplating an abortion."
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International Terrorism, 2007.
This paper looks at the concept and acts of terrorism and at terrorist organizations.
2,188 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer discusses terrorism and terrorist groups. Firstly the writer discusses the definition of terrorism. Next, the rationale that many groups use to explain their actions is examined in the context of how the various groups are perceived. Terrorist groups are seen as flat organizational structures that depend on knowledge silos and highly autonomous cells to function effectively. Moreover, terrorism is seen as at least a partial clash of civilizations and cultures with some historical implications. The writer concludes that terrorism is growing in appeal for various groups as a way to further their objectives.
Outline:
Abstract
Terrorism--what is it?
Rationalization
Structure & Organization
Cultural Implications
Historical & Contemporary Factors
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The concern is that while the US does not want terrorism and terrorist to be defined as militaries in the formal sense, it does want the latitude to treat terrorist individuals within such a context."
"The most accurate definition of terrorism seems to be the first definition introduced. However, even that working definition may be somewhat constrained because it includes the qualifying statement that terrorism is politically motivated. This may indeed be prevalent but it is not necessarily a requirement for terrorism to take place because many groups may have not political agenda but a religious agenda, cultural agenda, or some other contextual agenda sans any political intent."
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Legalizing Same-Sex Marriage, 2007.
A review of the arguments in favor of legalizing same-sex marriages in the United States.
1,553 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the argument for and against legalizing same-sex marriages in the United States. It compares the situation in the US with that in Canada with regard to government policy on same-sex marriages. The paper argues that same-sex marriage should be legalized in the whole of the US. Its primary argument is that failure to do so would be contrary to many of the most fundamental rights of many American citizens and will also serve to perpetuate prejudice against same-sex couples.
From the Paper
"Perhaps the most important argument in favour of legalizing same-sex marriage is the simple fact that by not doing so, we harm innocent children. This is because many same-sex couples have children. The 2000 US Census revealed that nationwide some 34% of female same-sex households, and some 22% of male same-sex households, have children. These rates do not lag far behind the national rate for married opposite-sex couples, which is 45.6%, or the national rate for unmarried opposite-sex couples, which is 43.1 percent. From this, we can deduce that there are at least 400,000 children who are currently being raised by same-sex couples nationwide - and this number continues to grow rapidly. (Weiser) These children may come from previous heterosexual relationships, or from adoption, or same-sex couples may choose to have children through one route or another. The point is that these are innocent children who must not be punished for the sexual orientation of their parents, or because of society's prejudices against same-sex couples. These children deserve to have the legal and emotional security of having parents who are married to one another, just as much as the children of heterosexual couples deserve this. Therefore, same-sex marriage should be legalized to protect these children."
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Capital Punishment, 2007.
Presents argumenta against capital punishment.
1,175 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper contends that, since the main issue in the debate over capital punishment hinges on whether killing is a morally justified response to criminal conduct, capital punishment simply cannot be considered acceptable on moral grounds. The paper argues that the death penalty is an old barbaric practice that is immoral, unfair to minorities, simply does not deter crime, and should be discontinued except in a very small minority of cases.
From the Paper
"Capital punishment should be outlawed because it denies a citizen his or her Constitutional right to due process of law. The imposition of capital punishment is arbitrary and irrevocable. It forever deprives an individual of potential benefits of new evidence or new laws that might warrant the reversal of a conviction or the setting aside of a death sentence, and violates a citizen's constitutional guarantee of equal protection under the laws, for studies have proven that capital punishment is applied randomly at best and discriminatorily at worst. It is imposed disproportionately, and many would say in a racist manner, upon those whose victims are white, on offenders who are people of color, and on those who are poor and uneducated."
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The Ethics of Abortion, 2007.
A comparison of the arguments of Judith Thomson in "A Defense of Abortion," with those of Don Marquis in "Why Abortion is Immoral".
1,340 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the respective arguments of Judith Thomson in "A Defense of Abortion," with those of Don Marquis in "Why Abortion is Immoral." The paper argues that while the two approaches to the question of abortion are distinct in their fundamental assumptions, in general both arguments are based on the same methodological premise that the complex ethical issues surrounding abortion can be understood through what may be termed a "property-rights" approach. The paper concludes that Marquis' argument is marginally stronger than Thomson's in this regard.
From the Paper
"Thomson's analogy that for a mother to be compelled to carry a person she does not want for nine months - with the possibility of years of support following - is analogous to someone using one's property without permission is clearly very strong. It suggests that the self-defense argument is particularly strong, to the point of being almost unchallengeable. After all, if we defend the right of a person to defend his own life to the point of killing another if necessary, then why cannot the same rule apply to a mother. More broadly, why should a mother be forced to allow another person use of their property should they not wish this? In contrast, Marquis seems to emphasize the value of the property in this analysis. For the mother to terminate a fetus would be, in effect, the elimination of decades of life-value for the unborn fetus."
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The Gun Debate, 2007.
An analysis of the ethical issues involved in the manufacturing and selling of small guns.
2,002 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the ethical issues related to the manufacturing and selling of inexpensive handguns (known as Saturday-night-specials) when such guns are commonly used for criminal purposes. The paper describes and analyzes the key facts in this gun debate and then reviews the implications for the stakeholders affected by the decisions taken and their interests.
From the Paper
"Difficulties arise in trying to establish the proper scope to utilize in evaluating this problem: Suppose a gun manufacturer decides to move his factory overseas to China or Mexico as a way to cut production costs. The benefits in corporate profits and dividends to a large number of shareholders may be substantial. Likewise, the salesforce and customers could benefit by resulting cost reductions. But the consequences of this outsourcing for the working class employees, their families, and the other residents of the company's age-old New England hometown could be catastrophic. Who is to determine the greatest good for the greatest number in this context? Even those who opt for the shareholders side have to live with the consequences and experience the problems of rust belt states with decaying infrastructure."
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American Foreign Policy, 2007.
This paper provides a critique of American foreign policy.
1,954 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the foreign policy of the United States of America in regard to such diverse areas as the Cold War, the U.S. relationship with China and the U.S. conflicts with Iraq, presents challenges to any analyst. The writer argues that these challenges stem from the fact that U.S. foreign policy is rarely cohesive across the broad spectrum of international relations. The writer notes that in both the strengths and weaknesses of American foreign policy from the Cold War to the War on Terror/Long War, a complex range of contributing factors determine the shape of U.S. foreign policy in ways that often differ radically from one theater of operations to another.
Outline:
Introduction
The United States and the Cold War
The United States and China
The United States and Iraq
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In critically evaluating the course of American foreign policy from the Cold War to the present it is necessary to look beneath the surfaces of international relations to consider a range of contributing factors that may have shaped American foreign policy in ways that do not seem immediately apparent upon initial examination."
"The Cold War represents just such a situation, for while it may seem initially to have been a conflict between two pre-eminent superpowers - the United State and the U.S.S.R. - at the end of the Second World War, many observers have argued that Western European nations played a primary role in persuading a reluctant United States to become engaged in Europe as a counter-balance to the Soviet Union."
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Euthanasia, 2007.
An argument against the legalization of euthanasia in the United States.
2,422 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the controversy surrounding euthanasia. It considers the arguments both for and against its practice. In the end, the paper argues, by providing example cases, that the benefits of allowing euthanasia are outweighed by the potential harm that it causes to society. The paper concludes that euthanasia should not be legalized in the United States.
From the Paper
"It has also been eloquently pointed out that permitting euthanasia would amount to promoting the rights of the individual at the expense of the best interests of society. (Callahan) For example, Callahan cites an example from the trial of Dr. Jack Kevorkian. Kevorkian was tried for assisting in the euthanasia of a 43-year-old multiple sclerosis (MS) victim named Sherry Miller. At the trial Dr. Stanton Elias pointed out that Miller's death had been extremely demoralizing for other multiple sclerosis victims, who were deeply concerned that her death sent a message to society that "they [people who suffer from MS] are somehow less of a human being and don't count for as much if they can't get out of a wheelchair." (Callahan, 247)"
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United States, Canada and Global Warming, 2007.
This paper compares the U.S. and Canadian policies regarding climate change.
1,553 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper outlines the anthropogenic causes of global warming, the evidence of its existence and some of the differing ways in which the U.S. and Canada are approaching the issue of climate change. The paper discusses how, while Canada appears sincere in its efforts to adhere to Kyoto Protocol requirements, it seems to be actually achieving less than the United States.
From the Paper
"The causes of global warming are many. Most notably, carbon dioxide and methane gas emissions - be they from power plants, from vehicles, from planes, or from man-made structures/installations - serve to facilitate global warming insofar as CO2 and methane gas molecules (as well as Chloroflurocarbon molecules) "trap" long-wave radiation, otherwise known as "heat", and prevent it from escaping into space. Suffice it to say, the more CO2, Chlorofluorcarbons and methane present in the atmosphere, the more global temperatures will climb (Collins, para.5 and para.8-10). All in all, the accumulation of CO2 and methane in the atmosphere and the attendant higher temperatures mean the slow deterioration of vulnerable ecosystems - such as the two Artic Poles - that are not designed to accommodate rapid temperature increase."
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