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The Patriot Act: A Constitutional Challenge, 2008.
This paper critically examines the USA Patriot Act and how it challenges the Constitution.
5,396 words (approx. 21.6 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 132.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews the reasons behind the Patriot Act's formulation and passage into law in order to explain why millions of Americans were willing to cast the Constitution aside in the name of national security. The paper explores the critical responses to this Act and the Constitutional challenges it presents. The paper strongly contends that
Constitutional challenges to the Patriot Act should be intensively pursued and asserts that this Act is a travesty of democracy. A large amount of source material is appended to the paper.
Outline:
Introduction
Background and History of USA Patriot Act Origination
Critical Responses to Patriot Act
Content and Implications of Patriot Act
Reasons for Constitutional Challenge
Content of 8 USC 1182
Amendment Issues
Case Law Discussion
Implications of Future Terrorist Attacks
Recommendations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In stating the problems presented by the USA Patriot Act and in examining its background, it is necessary to review the reasons for its formulation and passage into law, for they explain why millions of Americans have been willing to cast the Constitution aside in the name of national security. This Act emerged into the national consciousness just eight days after the al-Qaeda terrorist attacks on the Pentagon and the World Trade Center, when the Bush Administration made a legislative proposal that has become known as the USA Patriot Act. (Balkin)"
"Critics contend that the proposal was not the product of a carefully considered examination of the failures and deficiencies of the American law enforcement and intelligence agencies that allowed the attacks to succeed, but was little more than a collection of questionable old conservative agendas that were taken off the shelf and introduced by the Bush Administration in the form of vital new powers the federal government needed to protect the United States from terrorism. (Brunswick)"
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Feminist Theory and Abortion, 2008.
A discussion on abortion in light of feminist theory.
3,002 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper seeks to take a critical look at feminist theory in light of the second wave of feminism by breaking down feminism into its various belief systems and foundations. A short section on feminist bioethics is also presented including its history and foundation. The next section of the paper focuses on abortion in light of feminist theory. The paper then concludes with a personal discussion on the author's agreement with the pro-choice feminist theory on abortion. While theory and foundations on feminism are presented for both pro-choice and pro-life feminist theory, this writer believes that the maintenance of a pro-choice feminist ideology is critical.
Outline:
Abstract
Feminist Theory and Feminism
Feminist Bioethics
Abortion in Light of Feminist Theory - US
Abortion in Light of Feminist Theory - International
This Writer as 'Pro-Choice' - Statement
This Writer as 'Pro-Choice' - Personal Ideology
From the Paper
"Stewart (2003) tells us that from the late 1960s into the 1970s, feminists started developing their own theory as to what feminism was, but by the 190s, there were conflicting opinions and viewpoints on the best way to challenge the patriarchy. Ermarth (2000) comments on the differing viewpoints of feminism that are all individual components of the "feminist umbrella" she refers to as 'identity politics.' To Ermarth (2000), how one identifies themselves determines their concept of feminism. Ermarth (2000) tells us that feminism can take on any meaning, although the most common refers to the social factors related to male supremacy and an opposition to any kind of domination. "
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Social Change and Same-Sex Marriage in Canada, 2006.
An examination of same sex marriages and Canadian society.
1,988 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the legalization of same-sex marriages in Canada and the shift in society that brought about this change. The paper discusses the negative attitude of Canadian society in the past toward same-sex marriages. The paper also notes that more same sex couples were becoming parents, while increasing numbers of lesbians and gays were coming out of the closet and, as a result, many more non-gay Canadians realized that people they knew - family members, friends, other parents at their children's schools - were gay and lesbian, and due to this became gradually more tolerant. The paper explains that the biggest social change in Canada this century has been the legalization of same sex marriage which happened in June of 2005, when the federal government, led by the Liberal Party under Paul Martin, legalized same-sex marriage for all of Canada.
From the Paper
"For a very long time in Canadian society, the very idea of same-sex marriage would have been preposterous. After all, up until 1967, sex between consenting adults of the same sex was actually illegal. This, it is argued, was absolutely unacceptable in a country that has enshrined equal rights for all adults in its Bill of Rights. However, it seems that this bill was not far-reaching enough, given that the state still saw fit to prescribe appropriate sexual behaviours between consenting adults."
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Environmental Terrorism, 2007.
This paper discuses environmental terrorism and analyzes the Gulf War oil spill of 1991 as an example.
3,035 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that environmental terrorism is one of the most significant terrorist tactics that not only impacts multiple nations but also serves to destroy the livelihood of the natural environment. The author relates that the Gulf War oil spill annihilated an entire shoreline and was responsible for billions of dollars in reconstruction and economic fallout. The paper emphasizes that Saddam Hussein's intent was not only a military strategy as a reactive and symbolic agent to the U.S. intervention, but was also an ideological principle rather than malice towards the environment. The author points out that, nonetheless, the Persian Gulf oil spill demonstrates strong similarities to the model of environmental terrorism developed by Daniel Schwartz and contains a number of characteristics that classify it as an act of environmental terror.
Table of Contents:
Terrorism on the Rise
Environmental Destruction as a Symbol
The Persian Gulf War
The Oil Spill: Historical Review
Terrorism Defined
Terrorism during War
Modeling Environmental Terrorism
The Justification for Environmental Terrorism
The Persian Gulf Oil Spill: Terrorism and Justification
From the Paper
"Saddam Hussein's invasion of Kuwait in 1990 would be the introduction of the United States involvement in Middle East affairs. Hussein's stranglehold upon the citizens of Iraq was known across the world; with his intolerance to those who dissented by government or religion feeling the wrath of his punishment. Notable acts of genocide against Kurds and Shiite Muslims in the 1980's brought his notoriety to the international scene. However, the Iraqi oil reserves were not to be rivaled by many countries, and Hussein's invasion of Iraq only served to increase the country's wealth."
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New Immigrant's Personal Statement, 2008.
An application essay expounding an the applicant's accomplishments.
704 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 0 sources, $ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper explains why the applicant, originally a new immigrant is worthy of a college place. It discusses how his "jack-in-a-box' approach to language acquisition and body building has made him a more flexible and open communicator.
From the Paper
"Going further, my approach to learning a new language, while certainly unconventional in many respects, was nonetheless richly rewarding not only for the way in which it helped me digest the English written word but for the many ways in which it helped me gain a secure grasp of spoken English. In short, by immersing myself in the rapid-fire back-and-forth of the workplace, I learned the conversational "short-hand" that is so vital to learning how to interact with native-born English speakers. Each and every time that I communicated with an impatient customer or with an impatient supervisor, I came a little bit closer to understanding the linguistic and even facial/physical subtleties that allow a newcomer to America to gain mastery of the spoken word. "
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Immigration from Russia, 2008.
This paper explores immigration to America before and after the collapse of the Soviet Union.
2,670 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
The paper explains why and when immigration occurs. The paper discusses how, before the fall of the Soviet Union, it was difficult for people from any of the Soviet republics to emigrate, but with the fall of Communism in 1991, emigration restriction policies were changed and many people emigrated to the United States and other Western countries. The paper then looks at how emigration from Russia, Ukraine and other former Soviet republics has steadily increased since then.
From the Paper
"Immigration occurs when people in a certain country or region are experiencing political or religious oppression, economic distress, famine, war, or a host of other grave problems that convince them that they have no choice but to leave their native land for a new country and a new life in another land. Over the last two hundred years, more people have immigrated to the United States than any other country, and have often found life so good here that they have contacted family and friends in the old country and have convinced them to come to America as well. More specifically, the United States has witnessed a 40% increase immigration from the Soviet Union since the early 1980's. This serves as an explicit example of the vast cultural and political changes during the fall of the Communist regime in the Soviet Union, and its impact on the immigration."
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Suicide in America, 2008.
This paper evaluates the ethics and morality of suicide within modern American society.
1,210 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This study examines the ethical and moral arguments that support or decline the validity of suicide within modern American society. By examining the role of assisted suicide for suffering patients, the autonomy of a person's own body argues that the law has no right to interfere with the rational taking of one's own life. In contrast, the writer maintains that the morality of the law often denies a person's self-autonomy due to the religious and ethical background of the American legal apparatus. In essence, these two contradicting points of view are analyzed within this ethical and moral evaluation of suicide in modern American society.
From the Paper
"Although the law makes it possible for a person to terminate life with the consent of a family member, the issue of self-autonomy and the right to life is deferred on religious morality and within the criterion of the Hippocratic Oath that many doctors adhere to in their medical code of ethics. These are the major factors that define how American law perceives suicide and how it can be dine within the parameters of social morality and ethical standards. Often, the basis of religious or medical ethics provide the legal standards that often enforce a lack of self-autonomy on the part of patient's to choose their own suicide. By understanding the basis of law, one can now examine the counter arguments for suicide that detail the right to live or die through a person's own bodily autonomy."
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Arab-Americans, 2007.
This paper analyzes the impact of 9/11 on Arab-Americans.
2,982 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, for Arab-Americans, who were just as shocked by 9/11 as all Americans, there was an even greater intensity of emotion because of their concern that all Arabs would be stigmatized and blamed for the 9/11 attacks. The author points out that these concerns have been justified because many Americans have become hostile to Arabs and especially to Arab-Americans living in the United States. The paper relates that these reactions, which are deeply troubling, are not only irrational but also are a betrayal of the American values of freedom, liberty and equality that have made America great. The paper underscores that the Bush Administration security policies, such as racial profiling, and the mass media increasingly has portrayed a negative image of Arab-Americans.
From the Paper
"The three Muslim students clarified that it was a car, not a building, they had been talking about "bringing down" during a restaurant conversation overheard by the Georgia woman. But, on the second anniversary of 9/11, with memories of the World Trade Center towers collapsing still vivid in her mind, this woman in a small, conservative town in Georgia suspected that the three Arab-Americans she saw and heard talking about "bringing down" something could well be terrorists plotting to bring down a building or an airliner."
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Same-Sex Marriage Law, 2008.
This paper discusses the constitutionality of the same-sex marriage law in Canada.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the controversial issue of same-sex marriage has dominated both floors of the Canadian Parliament for nearly a decade. The writer points out that while legislators were decidedly split on the issue during its first inception into legislative committees, the Canadian citizenry pleaded with their legislators to push for the legalization of same-sex marriages. The writer discusses that effective July 20, 2005, the Civil Marriage Act took full effect however, many of the bill's opponents vowed to rescind the bill once the balance of power shifted. The writer concludes that in accordance with the Canadian Charter of Rights, the Civil Marriage Act upholds its pledge to treat every citizen equally, in addition to recognizing the equality of minorities and the rights of those in the minority.
From the Paper
"The main challenge for proponents of the Civil Marriage Act was not only to ensure the equal rights for same-sex marriages, but also to uphold the religious freedom also outlined in the Charter of Rights. Dissenters argue that religious freedom is still violated by this bill, however the Civil Marriage Act is very explicit on religious institutions. Religious groups and institutions are not to be forced to wed those who seek same-sex marriage, and it is not the responsibility of the government to enforce federal power over religious groups to provide said service to those seeking a wedding.
"More importantly, a good amount of time was spent incorporating the Civil Marriage Act into other pieces of legislation."
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Active and Passive Euthanasia, 2008.
This paper discusses active and passive euthanasia in Canada and the implications for nursing.
1,138 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper contends that active euthanasia should never be legalized because it is morally wrong. The paper explores passive euthanasia, which is generally accepted when it is clear that a person wants to have no extraordinary measures taken to prolong his/her life. The paper discusses how nurses must be familiar with the complexities of euthanasia. The paper explains that a request for active euthanasia can result in a serious ethical dilemma for the nurse who is unprepared and who has not determined a personal ethical stance.
From the Paper
"Active euthanasia and assisted suicide will very probably never be legalized in Canada. I agree because the ethical principle relating to autonomy is violated in cases of assisted suicide, irrespective of whether or not the patient's consent is given. The view of the Canadian government on assisted suicide has been clear through the 1993 case of Sue Rodriguez. This woman was suffering from Lou Gehrig's disease and requested the right to assisted suicide. A painful death was inevitable and she wished official approval of her eventual need for assisted suicide. The government's decision can be viewed in two ways. First of all, as stated by the court, "Fundamental justice required that a fair balance be struck between the interests of the state and those of the individual" (Kondro, 1993, p. 918). The principle at work was justice and determining what was the best course for all individuals. Assisted suicide, if legalized, can lead to abuse. The other viewpoint is that the court's decision was based on a slippery slope or fear of possible negative outcomes."
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Affirmative Action in Higher Education, 2007.
An analysis of the benefits of racial diversity in the American higher education system.
1,604 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the role of racial diversity in the affirmative action issues currently being debated within higher education. The writer discusses how the beneficial aspects of affirmative action in higher education help to create a diversified and culturally multi-lateral academic institution. The writer advocates that by understanding the critical issues such as reverse discrimination for "reserved spots" and the concept of "reverse racism", one can realize the arguments that are counter productive to a more diverse higher education. The writer concludes that affirmative action integrates both minorities and whites into a system that provides a greater academic and cultural multiplicity to the American higher education system.
From the Paper
"The issue of inclusion in higher education has often been a major problem for the United States in relation to the adhering to the Bill of Rights and the irony of problems with institutional racism in a so-called democracy. Affirmative Action has played a role in lessening these barriers within academic institutions, which has been a slowly changing racial factor within the diversity needed for an idealized society of this type. Although the strict racism of past eras has been reduced to a certain degree, there are still problems with the system:
Skin color is no longer as much of a barrier to higher education as it once was. But skin color --and race, gender, sexual orientation, physical ability, national origin, and economic status-- continues to be a very real barrier to higher education, employment and full participation in this "democracy" (Soto para.5)."
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Immigration Policy in the United States, 2006.
An analysis of the immigration policy of the U.S.A following the September 11th attacks.
2,494 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the U.S. government's focus on immigration since September 11th. It explains how the U.S government attempts to discover the most effective approach to continue to allow immigrants into the nation, while at the same time prevent another terrorist attack on American soil. The writer discusses the two forms of immigration into the United States - permanent and temporary. The writer further discusses the 'Patriot Act' and its implications. In addition, the writer looks at how technology would be added to bolster the strength of screening techniques at American borders and allow for legal immigrants to enter the country, while at the same time prevent illegals and terrorists from using the borders as their gateway to the country.
From the Paper
"The United States has traditionally been known as a country that accepts immigrants and values their diversity within society. The events of September 11th, however, made lawmakers, political entities and the public reconsider their view of immigration. This is because 12 of the 19 high-jackers in the September 11th attacks were all in the country legally with either tourist or student visas (Ruiz sec. 1). Three of those terrorists had held legal visas which had expired, but no action was ever taken to force them to leave the United States at that time. Alexia Elejalde-Ruiz contends that because the status of these individuals through immigration is public knowledge, now there are millions of Americans that believe that if the immigration policies had been different, there would have been no 9-11 attacks (sec. 1)."
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