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Western Military Strength, 2007.
An analysis of "Carnage and Culture: Landmark Battles in the Rise of Western Power" by Victor Davis Hanson.
2,521 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
The paper describes "Carnage and Culture" as a conservative view of Western military history that asserts that Western military might is superior to and cannot be defeated by non-Westerners. The paper examines Hanson's reasons why certain fundamentals of Western society and culture make this the case. The paper discusses how Hanson believes that the war in Iraq is not only winnable, but that victory is a certainty. The paper contends that, on the contrary, current events are teaching us that in many ways the war on Iraq has already been lost.
From the Paper
"Hanson, author of The Western Way of War (1989) and The Other Greeks (1995), has chosen nine battles fought by the West against various non-Western enemies that prove, as Hanson claims, why Western cultures have been able to field armies and navies capable of routing numerically superior enemies all across history. Seven of these battles were victories for the West. Of the other two, one is the ruinous Roman defeat at Cannae in 216 B.C, and the other an offensive in the late stages of the Vietnam War in 1968 - a strategic victory overseas that became a political defeat at home in the United States. Each of these battles is lovingly recreated - and some critics claim re-imagined in favor of the author's speculations - as Hanson spells out his thesis; that the Western war machine is superior, and that it is the personal politics of the individual that make it so."
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Global Warming, 2007.
A look at some of the effects and future implications of global warming.
768 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how global warming is now a widely recognized reality and contends that it is currently being treated as an economic and political issue but should be treated as a scientific issue. It argues that the Kyoto Protocol, set up to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, should never have allowed economic considerations to justify exemptions.
From the Paper
"Although a total of 166 countires have ratified the Kyoto Protocol, the countries that would have the most impact have not. The United States, currently the largest emitter of greenhouse gases, has refused to sign the agreement because it states that exemptions to developing countries such as China and India are unfair. Instead, the United States is sticking to its "strategy" announced way back in early 2001 to, "reduce the greenhouse gas intensity of the American economy by 18 percent over the 10-year period from 2002 to 2012. Unregulated emissions from exempted countries under the Kyoto Protocol are getting progressively worse. The International Energy Agency has just released a report late this year revealing that China will surpass the United States in 2009, a decade ahead of previous predictions, as the largest emitter of main gas linked to global warming. "
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Alternative Fuels, 2007.
This paper explores global warming and the chemical benefits of alternative fuels.
2,041 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the "greenhouse effect" and the 1987 Montreal Protocol. The paper discusses the controversies surrounding global warming but relates that whether global warming is absolute fact or not, numerous scientific studies contend that greenhouse gases are emitted by virtually all economic sectors and the potential for global warming does exist. The paper lists the chemical benefits alternative fuels have on the atmosphere and global warming. The paper points out that the direct effects of alternative fuels on the atmosphere and global warming are difficult to forecast and impossible to measure. The paper includes images, tables and copies of appended sources.
Outline:
The Greenhouse Effect
Atmospheric Concerns
Direct Effects
From the Paper
"Contrary to global warming theory, a study published in the Annals of Glaciology challenges global warming and contends that facts confirm the global warming concept to be inconsistent with trends of the Antarctic ice. This study reports that NASA satellite observations determined the Antarctic has not melted, and instead has increased during the last 20 years the. Claire Parkinson, a NASA climatologist who ". . . analyzed the role of sea ice in the global-climate system since 1979 . . . measured the duration of Antarctic ice seasons . . . and found nearly twice as much land that had seasons increasing by one day per year between 1979 and 1999 than areas where the opposite occurred." (George) Numerous other scientific studies reportedly support the recent NASA observations."
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Violent Homophobia in the U.S., 2007.
This paper looks at the proliferation of antisocial behavior against gay people, examines theories related to homophobia, and reports on the research available.
1,635 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper reports on problems with violence against gays in the military and in everyday life, explaining that it is basically a "hate crime", but does not receive the same status in all areas of the country. The author points out that one of several reasons offered why a person might develop a belligerent attitude toward gay people is the Freudian notion that, since all children have repressed yet strong attractions to their "same-sex parent", later in life the male individual puts up a defense against that attraction in the form of hatred towards men who engage in homosexual activities. The paper explains that other reasons are that anti-gay persons are not likely to have had any personal contact with gays and that many gay "bashers" have grown up with parents and church influences that identify gays as mentally ill child molesters.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Literature Review
From the Paper
"Van Der Meer describes most violent perpetrators in Western cultures as having had a "rite of passage" that takes three phases. The first, he doesn't "give a shit about anything," rejects parental leadership, and feels as if he is a "nobody"; the second phase is the "liminal period," the so-called "group solidarity" during which he is "forced to participate." The group may begin in a bar simply joking about gays, then actually see one, and while attacking a gay man, nobody in the group can back out lest he be rejected from the solidarity."
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United States Border Security, 2007.
This paper looks at the border security of the United States following the terrorist attacks of September 11, focusing on Mexican immigration.
2,800 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that, following the horror of the catastrophe and carnage of September 11, 2001, if there was ever any doubt that America's priorities needed to be changed, that doubt was now removed. The writer relates that America's leaders would begin to examine the nation's vulnerabilities, among the most glaring of which was the porousness of its borders - the vast influx of Mexican nationals across America's southwestern frontier. The writer notes that the flood of Mexicans across the United States border, though the result primarily of economic factors, has powerful implications for America's security. The writer points out that a serious analysis of the aims of America's national security strategy might look at whether illegal aliens truly present the terrorism problem that has been attributed to them. The writer concludes that while there may be real and significant reason to contain or eliminate illegal immigration from Mexico, and to seal the Southwestern border of the United States, government action does not seem to bear out the sense of urgency inherent in its rhetoric.
From the Paper
"The Immigration and Naturalization Service was already putting operation plans that would treat alien groups as potential subversives, arrogating to itself extraordinary, seemingly extra-legal powers in the name of guarding against potential national security threats. The fear of alien incursion to which these contingencies react is based on a still larger problem, of which Mexico and other developing nations appear to partake. It is a similar to the problems that pervade much of the Muslim world, as well, and give rise to the feelings of hopelessness, despair, and frustration, that turn so many into terrorists."
"Globalization has led to a worldwide race for control of resources, both human and natural. The populations of developing nations, like Mexico, feel themselves more exploited than ever by the multinational corporations operating out of technologically-advanced nations like the United States."
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Oregon DWDA, 2007.
This paper looks at the Death and Dignity Act in the state of Oregon.
5,628 words (approx. 22.5 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 136.95
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Abstract
The writer notes that today, with advanced technology and medical care, most terminal cases in hospitals, and greater involvement of legislation with privacy issues, dying has become complicated. In this article, the writer discusses that Oregon with its Death and Dignity Act (DWDA), permits terminally-ill state residents to end their lives through the voluntary self-administration of lethal medications, expressly prescribed by a physician for that purpose. The writer maintains that this issue presents a valuable opportunity for individuals to decide while they can how to react to end-of-life issues before they become too prominent. The writer concludes that it is hoped that people can be objective and look at both sides of this issue for themselves and others to determine what is best for most people in the long term.
From the Paper
"Implementation of the Oregon "Death with Dignity Act" was delayed by a legal injunction. However, after proceedings, which included a petition denied by the United States Supreme Court, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals lifted the injunction in October of 1997. In retaliation, at the upcoming November elections, the voters were asked to repeal the act through a general ballot. This time, when they rejected the repeal of the law by a wide margin of 60 to 40 percent, Oregon became the only state allowing legal physician-assisted suicide."
"The Death with Dignity Act permits terminally ill Oregon residents to obtain and use prescriptions from their doctors for self-administered, lethal medications. Under the Act, ending one's life in accordance with the law does not constitute suicide."
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End of Life Issues, 2006.
A discussion regarding end of life issues, a major focus of today's psychological community.
3,816 words (approx. 15.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses end of life issues. According to the paper, modern technology has made complex things that were once simple and straightforward. The paper goes on to say that to continue life-sustaining care in the face of certain eventual death, or to allow nature to take its course sooner, rather than later, is an extremely difficult decision. The paper reports that psychologists play a vital role in helping those responsible for care to make informed decisions; decisions that fit with their own moral sense, and which are in accord with general notions of what is ethical, and what is not. The paper notes that the American Psychological Association (APA) has formulated a code of ethics that addresses the full range of professional and moral concerns that a practicing psychologist is likely to encounter.
Outline:
Introduction
The Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct (2002)
The Ethical Challenges of End of Life Issues
Current Regulations and Recommendations
From the Paper
"The definition seems to satisfy the needs of autonomy - the reference to "one's" choices, as opposed to those imposed from the outside, while at the same time elucidating the concept of "being a burden on one's family." The statement also distinguished between suicide, and a legitimate decision to end pain and suffering, even if that decision results in death. Understanding such religious sentiments, or being able to translate them into the formulations of other religions, or even atheistic philosophies, can go along way toward helping the psychological counselor in his or her mission to aid caregivers, and to help them assuage the pain and trauma of making such difficult decisions of life and death."
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Doctor Assisted Suicide, 2007.
This paper discusses doctor assisted suicide, including the legal aspects.
906 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that California once again has written a bill to legalize assisted suicides. The writer points out that the proposed law is modeled after the one that passed in Oregon, which in 2006 resulted in 46 residents, most of them suffering from cancer, killing themselves after their physician gave them a prescription for a lethal amount of drugs. The writer discusses whether such a law should become national. Given the Supreme Court's recent ruling and some of the studies that have been conducted, the writer argues that people should have the right to decide if they one to have an assisted suicide, but it is necessary for the patient to talk with more than one doctor when making the decision.
From the Paper
"The issue of assisted suicide became newsworthy in 1990 when Dr. Jack Kevorkian helped Janet Adkins, a 54-year-old Alzheimer's patient, take her life. He met Adkins in a Volkswagen van he had outfitted with a "suicide machine" consisting of three chemical solutions fed into an intravenous line needle. Dr. Kevorkian is not the only one who supports doctor assisted suicide. The Hemlock Society is a group committed to promoting the legalization of euthanasia. In 1994, Oregon passed the "Death with Dignity" act, which allows the terminally-ill to end their lives through the voluntary self-administration of lethal medications, expressly prescribed by a physician."
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Terrorist Prosecution, 2007.
This paper examines the legal issues facing the prosecution of terrorists.
1,612 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how terrorist attacks have changed the face of prosecution today. The paper shows how as the nation moves more deeply into the 21st century and the age of terrorism, it will need to step carefully through the landmine of civil rights and other protections while still targeting and eradicating terrorist crime. The paper maintains that the people of America should feel secure that when terrorists are caught they will be vigorously dealt with.
From the Paper
"For many years, Americans lived in the security of knowing that they were safe from terrorism within this nation's boundaries. They believed that other countries were afraid to attack and for years they built up a false sense of security that it would never happen here. The events of 9-11 brought that sense of security to screeching halt and today, Americans find themselves in the same predicament of many other countries when it comes to acts of terrorism against their nation.
The prosecution of terrorists is a topic that has taken on heated elements in recent years, because it is no longer a theoretical debate, but an actual one."
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The War in Iraq, 2007.
This paper examines the dollar cost of the war in Iraq.
955 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper reports that the National Priorities Project (NPP) estimates that, as of March 2007, based on congressional appropriations, the cost of the war in Iraq is over 410 billion dollars. The author points out that there has been a waste of billions on "reconstruction" because of a lack of strategy and unclear lines of authority between the Defense and State Departments, which has led to confusion and disarray. The paper reports that Nobel Prize winner Joseph E. Stiglitz indicates that the total costs of the Iraq war could top the $2 trillion mark assuming that the troops will remain in Iraq until 2010 and including the health care costs of injured returning soldiers.
From the Paper
"The NPP indicates that with the money spent so far on the war in Iraq, the United States could have paid for 54,369,196 children to attend Head Start for one years. With those $410 billion, Americans could have built 3,696,054 affordable housing units. With that money the U.S. could have hired 7,113,800 teachers to work in public schools for one year. And the NPP data shows that the money spend so far on the Iraq war could have provided major medical health coverage for 245,801,075 children for a year."
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Religion as a Determinant in Fertility, 2007.
A look at how religion affects birth and fertility in married or paired women throughout the world, with a focus on Austria, India and Canada.
4,777 words (approx. 19.1 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 122.95
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Abstract
This paper proposes a study with the hypothesis that religion accounts for, in large part, the number of children born to a woman. It looks at how most studies have found that women's fertility rate is determined by religion and other variants, sometimes equally, such as cultural, socioeconomic, age at time of birth, education, income and urban or rural position.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Socioeconomic Factors on Fertility Rate, Compared to Religion
Religion as a Factor in Fertility Rates Among Hindus and Muslims
Rural and Urban Effects on Fertility
Fertility Decisions and Desires in Bangladesh
Effect of Religion through Fertility Norms and Possibility of Dissolution
The Relationship Between Religion And Fertility: Evidence From Austria
The Religious Denomination Factor in Fertility in Canada
Results of the Multivariate Analysis
Discussion
Summary and Suggestions
Hypothesis
Data
Analysis of the Data
Discussion
Summary and suggestions
From the Paper
"After economic standing, a study by Lutz attempts to account for the effects of culture and religion on fertility rates. This study tries to assess the effects of culture and religion on fertility after accounting for a country's socioeconomic standing. Estimates for covariance models are analyzed for 128 countries between 1950 and 1975. The gross reproduction rate is the dependent variable and independent variables are infant mortality rates, aggregate standing of female education and gross domestic product per person. Categorical variables for religion and cultural region are taken into account as well. Surprisingly, even though socioeconomic standing is higher, European countries have lower fertility rates than Arab countries. Culture and religion have a measurable effect on fertility and in Arab countries it is positive. "
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