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The Rise of Islam, 2008.
This paper explores the religion of Islam in light of the radical Islamic organizations of today.
2,968 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the origins and rise of Islam as well as the history of the glorious city of Baghdad in 800 CD. The paper explores why the rise of Islam is manifested through the actions of violent extremists like the Taliban and al-Qaeda. The paper seeks to determine how the concepts of war and killing are spawned by and driven from religious teachings.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Today's Radical Islamists Use Religion to Promote Terror
Interpretation of Facts and Research
From the Paper
"The purpose of this paper is to explore and review the rise of Islam, which began many centuries before the emergence of today's most visible and tyrannical radical Islamic organizations, the Taliban and al Qaeda. But for many citizens who are interested in Islam, but also weary of the threat of terrorism - and who cringe with each new suicide bomber's bloodletting in Iraq, Pakistan, Israel, Lebanon and elsewhere - the Taliban and al Qaeda are the only words and images that come to mind when the word "Islam" or "Muslim" are mentioned. These same millions of people read and hear about the terrible violence, bloodshed and civil strife in Baghdad and they likely know little else about this once great city."
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The Iran Hostage Crisis, 2008.
This paper discusses the Iran hostage crisis and looks at the effect it had on the Carter presidency.
2,422 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that the 'Iran hostage crisis' refers to the events following the seizure of the American embassy in Iran on November 1979 by militant students during which 52 U.S. diplomats were held hostage with the Iranian regime's consent for 444 days in contravention of all diplomatic norms. The writer notes that the crisis had a profound effect on US-Iran relations reverberations of which can still be felt today in a highly strained relationship. The writer discusses that it also influenced the domestic politics of both countries in no uncertain terms: helping the radical Iranian clergy led by Ayatollah Khomeini to consolidate its power in the early days of the Iranian Islamic Revolution, and contributing to a large extent in the decisive defeat of President Jimmy Carter in the November 1980 US Presidential elections. This paper gives the background and a brief overview of the crisis, analyzes its causes and explains the effect it had on the Carter Presidency.
Outline:
Background
The Embassy Take-over
Surprise for the Americans
Options for the Carter Administration
The Effect on Carter's Popularity
The Disastrous Rescue Attempt
The October Surprise
From the Paper
" The actual seizure of the American Embassy took place on the morning of November 4, 1979 that had been proclaimed as the National Students Day to honor the students who had been gunned down by the Shah's police the previous year. Thousands of students gathered outside the embassy shouting the customary anti-Shah and anti-US slogans and at first, it seemed to be a customary demonstration which had become a routine since the Iranian Revolution until a large group of students poured through the main gate of the compound and started to scale the embassy walls. Despite the best efforts of the embassy staff to prevent the takeover, the students soon overwhelmed the sixty-five Americans inside the embassy and took them hostage. Even though both the captors and the hostages had expected the seizure to be a short-term affair, the crisis proved to be a long-drawn out affair that lasted for more than a year and was mainly responsible for reducing the Carter presidency to a single term."
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Women in Combat, 2008.
Examines the role women play in combat in the United States military and the implications of women in combat roles.
1,665 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, when women first entered the American military, they were not intended to play a role in combat but rather to be behind the scenes in non-combat oriented roles, such as purchasing. The author stresses that women in combat in the Iraq war has blurred gender lines and forever changed the face of the American military. The paper states that feminists and supporters of women's rights hail women in combat roles as a necessary step in gaining full equality for women. However, as the paper relates, the research indicates that women in combat in the United States military are still a contentious issue.
From the Paper
"One situation that might allow women in combat is the formation of all-women units. In these units, many of the criticisms of women in combat could be alleviated. For example, a woman would probably be able to lift or carry another woman to safety, and they would not face harassment or sexual situations from male soldiers in an all-female unit. In addition, an all-female unit would tend to be more understanding about monthly menstruation and other female health issues, which would effectively negate many of the issues that opponents of women in combat often cite."
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Toward the Future, 2008.
A discussion on the emerging and future field of eco-psychology that also may be alluded to as environmental psychology.
2,540 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This writer sees the world changing in part due to extreme temperature changes. The writer points out that anyone up to date and paying attention can see the ongoing degradation of animal habitat and the ongoing loss of plant and animal species; there are the realities of deforestation, desertification, and it appears there are increasingly high-powered natural events like hurricanes caused by climate change that are disrupting human lives. The approach for this paper is to review existing research in scholarly journals that embrace issues and ideas - along with attitudes and emotions - relevant to eco-psychology and humans interacting in changing ways to the changing planet. In conclusion, the responsibility for educating people of all ages falls on schools, communities, political leaders, and mostly importantly, it falls on the shoulders of families. The writer maintains that more families should turn the television off and have discussions about what is being written in magazines, newspapers, and other publications about the fragile condition this earth is truly in at this moment in history.
Outline:
Introduction
Article One:"Thinking About The Future: A Psychological Analysis," Tonn, Bruce E., & Conrad, Fred
Personal Reaction to the Article
Article Two: Effects of Brief Wilderness Programs in Relation To Adolescents' Race - Pamela M. Orren and Paul D. Werner
Article Three: Situational Influences upon Children's Beliefs about Global Warming and Energy. Patrick Devine-Wright, Hannah Devine-Wright and Paul Fleming
Article Four:Psychotherapy of the Lived Space: A Phenomenological and
Ecological Concept - Thomas Fuchs
Article Five:Attitudes to Environmental Education in Poland - Kobierska, Hanna, Tarabula-Fietak, Marta, & Grodzinska-Jurczak
Summary of Articles
From the Paper
"It is encouraging to know that so many young people are becoming aware of the challenges of global warming, and of the need to preserve what is left of the natural world. But it is somewhat troubling to learn that only a small portion of people (those with education and who are well-employed) are thinking about the future in a big-picture framework. The fact that most kids in Poland get their environmental information from television and not from home is also troubling; and knowing that attitudes about the wilderness are not significantly altered when young people go into the woods on overnights is worrisome. Overall it would appear there is much work to be done when it comes to educating people (young and old) about the ramifications of climate change."
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Surrogated Motherhood, 2008.
This paper looks at whether surrogate motherhood should be either banned or regulated by law.
4,042 words (approx. 16.2 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 109.95
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Abstract
This paper mainly discusses in- vitro fertilization and surrogate pregnancies that are contracted, in which case the surrogate mother is usually a contracted person, with no link to the donors. In the case of contracted surrogate pregnancies, there is no way to judge the health of the surrogate mother and no regulation to see that the medical fraternity does not use the persons who are infected by diseases that could be passed to the infant. This paper affirms that laws must therefore be passed in such a manner that voluntary surrogate mothers are screened, identified and certified in such a manner that the resultant infant is not traumatized by diseases. The donors must be similarly screened. Furthermore, this paper looks at the idea of commercialization, within surrogate pregnancies. Namely it discusses the free market and the prostitution model. While some surrogate mothers do agree for altruistic reasons, where there is a demand, there will be a commercial supply. Since such children are at risk of being abandoned and neglected by the surrogate mother as well as by the donors, it is considered to be the duty of the state to enact laws to make sure that the donors, the surrogate mother and the genetic material are all fine to prevent deformities. In cases where such deformities do occur, the law must make the donor parents responsible for the child. Also, this paper asserts that there must also be a prohibition of payment for surrogate motherhood.
Outline:
Introduction
The Definition of Surrogate Motherhood
Adoption, Surrogate Motherhood - The Contrasts and Commonalities
The Arguments Favoring Regulation and Ban
The Arguments Against the Ban
Legal Problems
The Legal Controls Ought to be Set
Current Global Situation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"It is well if the resultant child is perfect what is the case if the child is born with deformities? What if it is liability? The management and care of such babies have legal moral and ethical implications. What is the relationship between the woman and the child in such cases at childbirth? For example the simple case of a low weight baby and in the case of mentally and physically challenged babies born to surrogate mothers, what will be the position and who shoulders the painful task? In the United States the Federal Government intervenes. In the UK the problem is ignored or the issue is glossed over. (Lee; Morgan, 1990) Judges have been sentencing mothers for not caring for the children in the womb. There have been cases of sentences handed down to mothers who consumed drugs and passed it on to the baby in the womb. Fetal neglect is now culpable. This shows that the state is concerned more and more with the unborn child and its welfare. The issue of in vitro fertilization and the knowledge of in genital illnesses are changing the perceptions of the society and the prevailing values are being modified. (Blank, 1992)
"The commoditization of sexuality has brought in the prospect of baby selling and prostitution. Poor women and even affluent ones are not above selling babies in the black market. The baby for sale has all its features added up to its price. The better suited ones getting the better price. The participants tend to market the baby in the fashion of a commodity and that is where the question of the babies with deformities and their fate steps in. There is likely to be more feticide and infanticide. The issue of 'Baby selling' drags down humanity considerations. (Warren, 1991) Originally surrogate mother hood was not a baby selling proposition. Yet today it has assumed the features of baby selling. Just as prohibition of payment exists for adoption, there must also be a prohibition of payment for surrogate motherhood. The courts sometimes have applied the baby sale acts to bar surrogate motherhood."
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Public Safety and Privacy Analysis, 2008.
This paper provides an assessment of disaster planning and preparation post-9/11.
1,122 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that in the aftermath of 9/11, disaster planning and preparation was seen as increasingly critical for both public and private enterprises. The writer points out that since then, efforts by federal and state governments to deal with crisis management have spanned the sublime to the ridiculous. The writer discusses that while some reforms have had a positive impact, at other times state and local governments have had to learn from their mistakes at tremendous financial cost to their departments and tremendous cost to the citizens suffering the disasters.
From the Paper
"One might call this a large-scale, federally sanctioned version of Titanic-style planning where there were not enough 'lifeboats' to carry all of the lives of the potential passengers in case of a wreck.
"To remedy the flaws in the emergency response system post-Katrina, a new operations center was created to give streaming-video updates from first responders in FEMA disaster areas and factory outposts with FEMA supplies were stocked with enough food and water to sustain one million people for a week all over the country. Officials met with disaster-management representatives from all of the states and seventy-five of the largest urban areas to evaluate evacuation plans for before and after major storms. They also increased and improved drills in areas likely to be impacted by hurricanes."
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Juvenile Death Penalty, 2008.
This paper argues in favor of the decision to ban the death penalty for juveniles.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the juvenile death penalty stemmed from laws in certain states that allowed juveniles to be tried as adults for certain crimes. In March of 2005, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the death penalty for those who were tried as adults for crimes committed when they were under 18 was cruel and unusual punishment. The development of the juvenile death penalty and the decision to declare it unconstitutional has been a topic of controversy that reached global proportions. The writer examines the development, ramifications and circumstances that led to the abolishment of the juvenile death penalty in the United States. The writer supports the thesis that the Supreme Court decision to ban the death penalty for juveniles is in alignment with Constitutional law and supports this decision.
Outline:
Legal History and Context of the Juvenile Death Penalty
Recent legal History
The Demographic Myth
Political Ramifications
Conclusion
From the Paper
"These executions did not happen in the early history of the United States, but occurred in modern times.
"Execution of males for the commission of crimes involving intolerable suffering of another are considered socially acceptable. However, the death penalty for certain other demographic groups has been considered questionable. In older times, the execution of women, juveniles, and others were not considered any different from those of a male. However, times have changed and society now questions the practice of executing the mentally retarded, women, and juveniles. The rules of changed and so must the laws of the land. The laws of the land are meant to serve society, rather than society serving the system."
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Risk Assessment in the Fire Service, 2008.
This paper discusses levels of acceptable risk in the fire service since the 9/11 terrorist attacks.
2,192 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that in the aftermath of September 11, 2001, the level of acceptable risk changed and the public demanded action. The paper provides a review of some of the recent fire events that have sparked a public outcry and outlines what steps were taken in response to public demand. The paper shows how over time, public pressure tends to focus attention on the worst offenders in any type of disaster-related trends in an effort to raise the acceptable level of risk involved.
Outline:
Review and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, many observers were heard to comment that, "Things would never be the same again," and in many ways they were right. One of the more pressing issues to emerge since September 11 has been the call for improved security and communications across the country to help first responders better cope with the mayhem and chaos that are natural concomitants of such events. Establishing an acceptable level of risk for fire hazards following the highly publicized collapse of the World Trade Center is a risk assessment responsibility, but it has been heavily influenced by the risk management demands of all of the stakeholders involved, which is to say the American public."
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The Role of Immigration in Shaping American Cities, 2008.
A review of the book "Urban Geography, New York" ,in which the authors, Dave Kaplan, James Wheeler and S. Holloway, explain the role immigration played in shaping American cities.
874 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 1 source, $ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper states that immigration has played a significant role in shaping the growth and development of urban cities in America. In their book "Urban Geography, New York" the authors Kaplan, Wheeler & Holloway expand on this idea. The paper relates that the authors hypothesize that immigration is largely responsible for the expansion of many cities in the United States, Canada and other outlying regions. The paper comments that had the immigrants not populated many coastal cities in the United States, the country may not have had the flavor of diversity it has today.
From the Paper
"In figure 10 of the work, the reader can clearly see that Mexicans made up almost 59 percent of the population of immigrant settlers; this is the largest subdivision of Hispanic and Latino settlers. People of Puerto Rican ethnicity make up the next largest slice of the pie at just 10 percent of the Hispanic and Latino settlers. A review of the U.S. Census Bureau conducted in 1990 shows that many Cuban immigrants populated many coastal cities in Dade County in Florida, another major coastal city. In the New England States, Florida, California and Canada, the total number of immigrants exceeded either 500,000 or 1,000,000 of the population totals. The U.S. Census Bureau of 2000 also cited by Kaplan, Wheeler and Holloway (2004) shows the largest influx of Asians occurred in California, Washington State and in some New England cities, with as many as 1 million immigrants living in cities at any one time."
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Fire Department Trends, 2008.
This paper explores the new trends in fire departments with regards to terrorism.
3,279 words (approx. 13.1 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses fire services' change in attitude to the potential threat of terrorism and pinpoints several trends that have emerged in fire departments throughout the country. The paper discusses the emphasis on the accumulation, dissemination and sharing of information that could help in fighting terrorism. The paper also talks about the extended role of the fire service in the investigation of possible terrorist threats. In addition, the paper discusses the tendency towards interactive communications and networking between different sectors of the security and emergency establishment and the sharing of expertise between different agencies.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Overview and Background
Central Trends in Fire Services
Summation and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The events of the terrorist attack of September 11, 2001 have had a profound affect on all aspects of the security and emergency services in the United States. This is especially the case with regard to the fire services and departments in the country. Fire departments are often perceived as being in the forefront of any disaster or terrorist attack and as a result, there has been an "evolution" in this sector since 2001. This includes aspects such as the increased access to information and intelligence and the sharing of this information between various security organizations and institutions. The fire departments have also embarked on a new initiative to network and share information and expertise with other intuitions as well as increase training in aspects such as bioterrorism."
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Iraq War and Law, 2008.
This paper looks at the current international law system as it relates to the Iraq war.
1,280 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that following the end of the Second World War there was an acute need to rethink the legal framework in which the atrocities similar to the ones that marked the tragic context of the first and second world conflagrations could be punished more severely. In this sense, there were a series of conventions and legally binding acts which tried to create a bonding obligation for the signing states to refrain from violent acts against civilians and other participants to wars. Nonetheless, the writer points out that taking into account the latest developments in the war in Iraq, there are serious doubts over the degree in which the legal system available to date is able to offer a comprehensive framework of protection.
From the Paper
"Therefore, the Geneva Conventions of 1949 represent a legal system consisting of four acts: They are: the Convention for the amelioration of the condition of the wounded and sick in armed forces in the field; the Convention for the amelioration of the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea; the Convention relative to the treatment of prisoners of war; the Convention relative to the protection of civilian persons in time of war.
"Despite the obvious complexity of the system set in place and of the areas under discussion, the historical context showed that the Conventions lacked a comprehensive and efficient approach of the legal matters on which they focused. In this sense, there was no clear distinction between the civil war and the liberation war. Thus, taking into account the fact that most conflicts following the Second World War were intra state wars, it was hard to determine whether the conventions would be applicable in cases such as the Korean War, the Vietnam experience, or even the Arab Israeli conflict."
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Voter Ignorance and the War in Iraq, 2008.
This paper explores how the public's ignorance was used to justify the war in Iraq and the fight against Al Qaeda.
3,091 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the general population's perception of the intervention in Iraq and deals with the phenomenon of voter ignorance in America. The paper looks at issues related to Islam and Al Qaeda from the point of view of ideology, mission and values and identifies the political context and the different approaches presented in the US at the time of going to war. The paper shows clearly how voter ignorance and political battles in the US allowed the Bush administration to garner wide support for the war in Iraq.
From the Paper
"The war in Iraq is viewed as being one of the most controversial decisions of the US foreign policy of the last decade. There have been numerous discussions over the morality of the intervention on a sovereign territory, without the agreement of the United Nations and, in the end, without a plausible reason for attack. Nonetheless, by 2003, the US led coalition had entered Iraq under the argument of the existence of the weapons of mass destruction. Still, to this day, it is a rather questionable issue the actual existence of the weapons; therefore, there is no full legitimacy of the intervention in a sovereign country."
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