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Chagnon's Anthropology, 2007.
This paper explores the controversy surrounding the treatment of the Yanomamo tribe of Brazil by antrhopologist, Napoleon Chagnon.
1,710 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Napoleon Chagnon has become the center of a heated debate surrounding his treatment of a tribal group he and a colleague studied for a number of years. The paper reviews four articles exploring the controversy but fails to find persuasive testimony which shows that Chagnon did harm to the Yanomamo tribe of Brazil, or that he and his colleague engaged in unethical behavior. The paper asserts that the unethical behavior of the review board which sought to ostracize Chagnon suggests that political motivations and not a genuine concern for the standing of the anthropological community is really at the heart of the furor.
From the Paper
"To begin with, Michael D'Antoni writes that Chagnon's work apparently revealed that those men who were the most violent among the Yanomamo people he studied in the 1960s were also the most likely to have many wives and many children - indeed, the most children. Thus, Yanomamo society - again, as determined by Chagnon - was a society characterized by lawlessness and where cruelty prevailed. Unfortunately, Chagnon's depiction of the Yanomamo brought him into conflict with powerful Roman Catholic missionaries and rival academics who felt that Chagnon's portrayal of the most "primitive" people on earth - and his assertion that the violence found in Yanomamo society was somehow characteristic of the true nature of man - were highly misleading. In effect, Chagnon argued - and continues to argue - that it is not modern society which creates war and strife but human nature; moreover, warfare drives the creation of modern societies (D'Antonio 2000:para.2-8)."
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Beer-Making, 2007.
This paper describes the history and complexity of beer-making.
1,420 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that beer-making, which is a complex process involving the conversion of grains into usable sugars and requiring much skill and patience, has not changed fundamentally in centuries. The author points out that some people believe that beer-making originated about 10,000 years ago in Africa and was apparently made then, as it is now, from cereal grains. The paper relates that beer-making is captive to a sequential process, including a variety of essential ingredients, which must be closely adhered to if it is to achieve its full potential, at least in the eyes and palates of beer connoisseurs.
From the Paper
"For their part, hops and yeast also play key roles in the creation of commendable beer. To wit, the former is a "twining vine" that grows in the summer months and is commonly eaten as a vegetable with the leaves "blanched" and used a soup. But most of all, hops serve to add "bitterness and aroma" to a beer - even if they are considered an integral part of every brewing operation. Finally, yeast is another significant ingredient in the "typical" beer and it serves to convert fermentable sugars into alcohol - and into beer flavors."
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Third Sector, 2007.
An analysis of the history of the third sector and its relationship to American culture.
1,674 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the history and background of the third sector. It begins by discussing the history of philanthropy, particularly charitable funds. It then discusses what the third sector is and how it fits into the American culture and lifestyle, as well as the relationship between the third sector and the government. The paper finally discusses the history of non-profit organizations.
From the Paper
"There would be a great loss if there were no churches or nonprofits to share the burdens of caretaking with the government. Russian Socialism attempted to do this without the benefit of peoples' organizations or churches and went broke. Caring for the needy and serving those who have issues with government, private corporations and civil rights is the role of the third sector and without this vital service, the society is not whole. The third sector and its myriad of nonprofits fill the needs of those who do find them fulfilled by government, private for-profit corporations or their family. It is absolutely necessary to have this sector in a free government. Although some may not function as efficiently as others or as well as those in other sectors, without nonprofit organizations a society cannot remain democratic. The presence of a thriving third sector in a nation might be seen as the sign that a nation is finally free."
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Tonga, 2007.
A brief overview of the politics, economics and culture of Tonga.
778 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper relates thatTonga is a small nation, with a population of slightly more than 100,000 people. In particular, the paper looks at the political and economic conditions of the nation and how there are important components of the Tongan culture that a savvy business person must take into account in order to have a successful and profitable business experience there.
Outline:
Politics
Economy
Culture
From the Paper
"The political situation in Tonga could present a serious challenge to an overly ambitious foreign business operator. Tonga is a constitutional monarchy, but very different from other constitutional monarchies, such as the United Kingdom, where the royal family has mostly a symbolic role. In Tonga, King George Tupou V has a great deal of power and was recently given more by the national parliament (Tonga, 2007). That was allowed to occur because the majority of the Tongan parliament consists of members of the nation's powerful nobility, who have been appointed by the king for life to keep commoners from ascending to power. Although a democratic reform party has several seats in Tonga's parliament, it is still outnumbered by the nobility, which has a limiting influence on democratic reforms (Tonga, 2007). "
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"The Face of a Spider", 2007.
An analysis of the concepts presented in David Quammen's essay "The Face of a Spider."
1,808 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 0 sources, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes David Quammen's essay "The Face of a Spider," in which he discusses arriving in his office one day to see it covered by baby black widow spiders. The paper reflects on Quammen's actions and thoughts as they are described in his essay. It then discusses the questions of how a human should behave toward the members of other living species.
From the Paper
"The narrator in the story arrives at his office and finds it full of spiders, and he is able to turn such an odd occurrence into something which gives him a greater reflection towards the world. He knew the mother spider was there, yet he ignored the problem and thus was forced to face black widows in his office. Now he is reflecting on that even from a few years ago, saying that, "To me, they stand for something" (Quammen). He even goes as far as to say what they stand for and that is a question he poses but he cannot answer. However, because of the experience with the spiders he is now enlightened. This state of enlightenment is expressed not only through his actions and direct language, but also through the way he speaks about other culture's dealings with living species. He is not critical, but open minded when mentioning the Janist culture for example. It is all part of a reflection on the events of the past, and therefore David Quammen has taken a simple event with little meaning and applied so much more to it."
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The Ethics of Educational Advertising, 2007.
An analysis of the ethics of educational advertising in Chinese and European markets.
25,041 words (approx. 100.2 pages), 34 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper investigates the ethical considerations considered to be the most important to consumers when advertising in countries where the market has mixed religious and secular moral traditions. Specifically, the study investigates what advice should be provided to client companies regarding marketing ethical sensitivities for Chinese customers. It compares the differences, if any, between Chinese and European markets in respect to the offensiveness of the execution of the promotional material. It then links this to religious affiliation, temporality orientation and polychronicity. A summary of the research, conclusions, and recommendations for business leaders in China and Europe are provided in the conclusion.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Research Methodology
Rationale of Study
Overview of Study
Key Words
Review of the Related Literature
Data Analysis
Summary and Recommendations
From the Paper
"4. As noted above, because Germany represents the largest trading partner with China of the current EU members, Chinese business leaders should concentrate on training their marketers in German customs and business practices - and the language itself wherever possible - and their German counterparts should likewise do the same for China according to the similar and dissimilar cross-cultural factors identified by Hofstede and their own empirical observations. Given the complexities of the Chinese language, and the polyglot of languages spoken throughout the European continent, and the enormity of the Chinese geographic area and its vast range of unique differences, though, it is reasonable to assume that a lingua franca of English and perhaps French in such marketing initiatives will continue to prevail for negotiating purposes, and there will be an increasing reliance on local national Chinese interpreters to help EU marketers better present their advertising materials in a fashion that is inoffensive to Chinese students' aesthetic and cultural sensibilities."
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Cultural Diversity in Adolescents and Counseling, 2007.
This paper discusses the issue of cultural diversity among adolescents and related counseling.
1,786 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer explains that multicultural psychology is a branch of study that focuses on cultural diversity and aims at providing strategies and solutions in dealing with racial, ethnic or cultural differences in the course of interpersonal relations. The writer discusses that traditional psychology usually studies the individual and the intra-psychic phenomena, whereas multicultural psychology focuses on the extra-psychic factors that influence the development and the social identity of a person, such as belonging to a particular culture or ethnicity. The writer points out that multicultural psychology needs to use an interdisciplinary theoretical basis and take into consideration all the factors that might influence the development of a certain individual.
The writer concludes that every ethnic group faces certain problems when trying to adapt to a different cultural space.
From the Paper
"Multicultural competencies enable an individual to work well and interact properly in a cross cultural environment. The major and indispensable multicultural competencies are: cultural self- awareness together with cultural awareness of the others' views and attitudes, cultural knowledge including historical background, traditions and customs and cultural skills that help communication and integration in a multicultural situation. Thus, multicultural competencies consist primarily of specific cultural knowledge regarding the other ethnicities, and of an appropriate understanding of their different worldviews and attitudes. Different races and ethnicities have different perspectives on life and respect different sets of value."
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Genesis, 2007.
This paper provides a comparison of two Genesis creation stories.
1,520 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the creation story/myth as found in the Book of Genesis in the Revised King James Version is one of the most hotly-debated books of the Old Testament. The writer points out that currently, there are two groups of opinion as to the book's authorship, one accepting the suggestion that Moses was the author and/or compiler, the other denying this claim. Generally speaking, the writer maintains that the creation story may have been received as a direct revelation from God; on the other hand, it may be nothing short of an account of creation based on earlier stories. The writer examines two specific accounts of the creation by contrasting and comparing them in order to more fully understand how this story/myth came about, namely, the traditional account of the creation and that traditionally assigned to the priestly writers or scribes, circa 500 to 400 B.C.E. in the New Revised Standard Version of the Bible.
From the Paper
"Thus, the exact origin of the Book of Genesis remains a mystery."
"Obviously, it is rather difficult to obtain any historical evidence to compare to the Book of Genesis, especially chapters one through eleven, the main body of the creation story/myth. In the creation account as found in the Old Testament, it is not possible to discover exactly how God made man and neither archeology nor anthropology can provide definite answers as to the time, place or means of man's origins as outlined in Genesis."
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Heritage Attractions, 2007.
This paper provides a market focused appraisal for measuring the effectiveness of heritage attractions as a tourism product.
2,971 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that tourism is mainly based on geographical attractions, which include beautiful scenery, exciting and/or exotic locations, among others. The writer points out that the reasons for which people choose various tourist locations differ according to needs, preferences and affordability. The writer explains that heritage tourism is an example of tourist activity that allows people to enrich their basis of knowledge and information. Further, the writer notes that heritage tourism or cultural tourism is a branch of tourism offering the cultural dimension of the location where tourism occurs as the main value. Historical sites are usually the main attraction in this case. The writer discusses that the main coordinates of heritage tourism include culture, historic information, interaction with the local people and eventually, a perceived sense of adventure.
From the Paper
"Heritage tourism or cultural tourism is a branch of tourism offering the cultural dimension of the location where tourism occurs as the main value. Historical sites are usually the main attraction in this case. The main coordinates of heritage tourism include culture, historic information, interaction with the local people and eventually, a perceived sense of adventure. Heritage tourism allows people to get in touch with the past. At the same time, it is important to mention that it contributes to the preservation of the cultural heritage itself."
"The products that heritage tourism offers can be customer oriented. From this point of view, one could speak about creative tourism. Creative tourism is based on the principle of interactivity."
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Women in Contemporary Africa, 2007.
This paper argues the necessity of subverting and reformulating the so-called traditional images of women in contemporary Africa.
1,885 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper underscores that the idea that women must be inferior to men, which today permeates every level of African society, is not necessarily African traditional patriarchal values but rather a recent social construction of the instability of present-day African society. The author points out that, in the past, women had a clear, powerful social place not dominated by the males because the fundamental unit of African society was the family. The paper stresses that Africa must return to a truly equitable family structure, where both parents retain authority and responsibility for raising children. The author lists that this can be achieved by (1) women not marrying when they are still children themselves, (2) greater education and access to birth control and methods of family planning , (3) fostering African women's powerful networks and (4) changing Africa culturally and politically.
From the Paper
"Many African countries are still ruled by informal patriarchal norms governing women's place in sexual relationships. In some societies, women are unable to choose their sexual partners or husbands, rather these choices are made for them by their families. In the case of rape, female bodies are used as a tool of political insurgency, as demonstrations of the opposition's strength and will. In situations where men have the predominant social, political, and economic power, a woman is unlikely to be able to insist on the use of condoms, or to take measures to protect herself from HIV."
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Cultural Genocide, 2007.
This paper discusses the cultural history of Canada and looks at the cultural genocide of the aboriginal population.
1,103 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the undertakings of dominant groups in Canada, such as Canadians of European descent, have systematically destroyed traditions, values, languages and many other elements associated with the indigenous population of Canada. The writer points out that the apt terminology for the destruction that has been wrecked upon the Native Canadian population is 'cultural genocide'. The writer then discusses that scholars have argued that the Canadian government and its European dominated population have perpetuated policies that engender genocide to aboriginal culture. In this study, the above areas are examined in detail to create a holistic picture of the cultural genocide perpetuated against Canada's aboriginal population. The writer concludes that it is now the responsibility of the Canadian government to rectify these wrongs through promoting greater efforts to increase respect for aboriginal culture and provide greater aid to their cause of re-defining and finding their lost heritage.
From the Paper
"At the core of Canada's aboriginal appeasement policy in the wake of land grabbing through Canadian migration, is the concept of reserves. The concept of reserves and "nation to nation" treaties are intended to preserve and promote cultural distinctness at the surface level. However, reserves face severe problems that have actually led to the disintegration of aboriginal culture, and in the final analysis, cultural genocide. Reserves have systematic unemployment and welfare dependency, and lacking a self-sufficient infrastructure forces aboriginals to live by the whim of government subsidies and general dependence. As a result, the conceptual understanding of reserves have changed form a Utopian vision to something that has changed dramatically, as aboriginals continue to migrate into city slums. Although a small urban aboriginal middle class have emerged in the past decade, the majority of Aboriginals still live in the shadows in created "ghettoes" in which aboriginals congregate. In essence the Canadian government has used its "reserve" policy to ignore the pragmatic needs of aboriginals, especially those who are force to migrate into the cities."
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Samuel Huntington's "Clash of Civilizations", 2006.
A review of Samuel Huntington's book, "Clash of Civilizations".
1,598 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses the book "Clash of Civilizations" by Samuel Huntington. The paper reports that Huntington's work analyzes the differences between different cultures and civilizations of the world. The paper goes on to say that Huntington's piece is a historical overview of major conflicts between different civilizations and not an explanatory, research-based theory.
From the Paper
"Another debatable distinction is made between Russia and the West, which in the view of Jeane Kirkpatrick is an unnecessary and wrong division. The distinction made between Slavic-Orthodox countries on the one hand, and Western countries, including European countries, on the other, is no longer available after the end of the Cold War and the fall of the Berlin Wall and of the Soviet Union. Russia and other former nations members of the USSR are no longer held together by distinct characteristics except religion. Almost all these Slavic-Orthodox countries have evolved towards the West and can be considered in many aspects as being western countries. Taking into account the dimension of the European Union, many of the countries identified by Huntington, such as Poland, have made serious steps towards the west and share common values as the Western culture."
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