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Immigrant versus Native Americans, 2008.
This paper looks at the relationship between natives and new colonists from the colonial period.
1,740 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the colonial Americans were clearly a population in conflict with a multitude of conflicting populations as well as objects. The writer notes that the colonists were in conflict with the land, which they did not yet understand, as well as the native peoples of the land, which they had chosen to become at least their temporary home, in the name of European progress and wealth. The writer points out that the conflicts, of which there were many, with native Americans were frequently difficult and bloody and in fact marked one of the greatest obstacles associated with European dominance of the new found colonies. The neighbors having been provoked by bad behavior in the past, would likely see and treat the new colonists with the same regard, tentatively trading with them to gain goods they had become dependent upon but at the same time never letting down their guard to the potential for treachery. The writer concludes that the native populations and the colonists then were in a continual dance of shaking hands at full arms length, in need of each other but unwilling to come any closer.
From the Paper
"The colonists therefore resolved the conflict between themselves and natives, by placing the responsibility for collective communication upon the natives, and assuming all others, those who did not come to them first were in need of cajoling, either by means of warfare or dominance by dependence.
"Though in retrospect, some observers of the colonial experience, such as Raynol, recognized the error of assuming superiority over natives and removing them from the land with brute force and physical dominance was unethical at the very least, there is also a clear sense that this is retrospective and Raynol, did not have to live there. The pillage and plunder mentality and action, did not always succeed, though and there were clearly some who learned from the failings of others, in the conflict with the native populations."
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Ethnography, 2008.
A looks at ethnography as a social science research method.
5,280 words (approx. 21.1 pages), 18 sources, APA, $ 130.95
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Abstract
This paper outlines the history of ethnography, the principle individuals behind its inception, and the manner in which data is collected. The paper also analyzes the strengths and weakness of ethnography and examines the ethical issues surrounding this type of research. In addition, this paper outlines circumstances when ethnography is a viable research tool and describes the manner in which it has been used in education research. Finally, the paper concludes with some well-known examples of ethnography.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Overview of Qualitative / Action-Based Research
History of Ethnography
Ethnography as a Viable Research Method
Strengths and Weaknesses of Ethnography
Ethical Issues Surrounding Ethnography
Ethnographical Research Used in Education Research
Well-Known Studies of Ethnography
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Other aspects of ethnographical research that can be considered weaknesses is the types of participant strategies that it involves. The first and most fundamental distinction among observational strategies concerns the extent to which the observer is also a participant in the program activities being studied. Weaknesses in have been pointed out in determining what kind of participation the researcher must engage in. According to Genzuk (2003), the extent of participation is a continuum which varies from complete immersion in the program as full participant to complete separation from the activities observed, taking on a role as spectator."
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Health Sector in Ghana, 2008.
This paper provides a research proposal for an extended security and privacy model for the health sector in Ghana.
5,339 words (approx. 21.4 pages), 23 sources, APA, $ 131.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that many developing countries around the world are faced with the dual-edged sword of a "brain-drain" of their healthcare professionals who seek better economic opportunities in other countries as well as healthcare infrastructures that require substantive improvements to bring them up to date. The writer points out that the Republic of Ghana is faced with this precise set of circumstances as it struggles to overcome the historic legacy of colonialism and the same economic and social developmental issues that have confronted many sub-Saharan African nations in recent years. One technique that has proven effective in recent years in facilitating the delivery of quality healthcare services to a wide range of consumers is the use of so-called "smart cards." The purpose of the proposed study is to consider the introduction of so-called smart cards in public and private health service delivery in the Republic of Ghana today. To this end, a critical review of the relevant peer-reviewed and scholarly literature is presented, followed by a summary of the research in the conclusion.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Scope of Study
Rationale of Study
Overview of Study
Methodology
Preliminary Review of the Literature
Background and Overview
Healthcare Issues Confronting Developing Nations Today
Smart Cards and Healthcare Delivery
Privacy Considerations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Many developing nations are faced with some enormous challenges and obstacles to development, particularly when it comes to the delivery of effective healthcare services. For instance, healthcare professionals have long emigrated from developing to developed countries in search of better professional and personal opportunities; in recent years, though, this trend has become even more pronounced. Chronic shortages of nurses, physicians, pharmacists, and other healthcare practitioners around the world have fueled the migration from less affluent to more affluent countries, but also between poor countries and between wealthy ones as well. As a result, there is a growing global labor market for all types of professionals in health care today. Moreover, the globalization of the health-care labor market has had a profound effect on the ability of many national health-care systems to deliver vital services to their citizens. The most dramatic impact is being felt in the least developed nations, where there has been a tremendous increase in emigration."
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The Indian Wedding Feast, 2008.
A research paper that illustrates how the caste system, religious beliefs and culture of India perpetuates lavish consumption of the Indian wedding feast.
19,465 words (approx. 77.9 pages), 25 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This research paper attempts to show that the Indian Hindu wedding feast has changed its form and content, but its meanings in terms of family politics, social and religious norms have not changed. The dissertation includes evidence that can prove that, despite globalization, modernization, and import of western ideas and cultures, the function of the weeding feast has not changed despite the changes in the form and content. In other words, while the cuisine elements due to additional foods and spices being introduced have changed, the tradition of the consumption of food and the meanings behind this consumption have continued to remain the same over time.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Research Questions
Significance of the Research
Methodology
Literature Review
The Caste System In India
The Hindu Marriage Ceremony
The Woman in the Society and Family Hierarchy in India
Food, Eating, and the Wedding Feast in India
Review of the Literature Reviewed In this Study
From the Paper
"The work of Bloch, Rao and Desai relates that the marriage of a daughter in India in the costliest event in the life of this family which many times results in the parents of the daughter getting into great debt with interest rates "of over 200 percent." The expenditure on food for a wedding is stated to be "more than six times a family's annual income" and many times forces the family into "destitution and bonded labor, especially when there are several daughters to be married." Gender discrimination that occurs in India has been attributed to this specific economic burden."
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Communication on the Internet in Korea, 2008.
A review of the role of the Internet as a communicative tool in the social structure of Korea according to the social capital theory of P. Bourdieu, J. Coleman and R. D. Putnam.
11,736 words (approx. 46.9 pages), 28 sources, APA, $ 228.95
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Abstract
This paper studies the role of the Internet as a communicative tool in the social structure of Korea under the current usage and influence of the social capital theory put forth by P. Bourdieu, J. Coleman and R. D. Putnam. It begins by discussing the origin of the social capital phenomenon and its relation with the social network within Korea. It then looks at the connection of the social capital phenomenon with the information and communication technologies (ICT).
Table of Contents:
Chapter 1: Introduction
Background of the Study
Purpose of this Study
Significance of this Study
Chapter 2: Literature Review
The Emergence of the Social Capital Theory
Initial Utilization by Coleman and Bourdieu
The Social Network as Social Capital
Social Capital and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
Social Capital and Relative Theories
Understanding Online Communities and their Use of Internet:
Internet Based within the Social Framework of Korea:
Chapter 3: Methodology
Summary of the Methodology
Profiles of Interviewees
Chapter 4: Results
Communication on the Internet
Conclusion: "See You at CY!"
From the Paper
"The IT circumstance in Korea makes young people recognize the Internet as a normal part of everyday life, and regard it as one of the various communication tools. Between the Internet and the mobile phone people are not strictly attached to either one or it seems that both are used additionally rather than the usage of one being increased or decreased by the other. E-mails, IM, Blogs and CY are all part of the overall system of the Internet; though their use may vary, they are all considered more effective means of communication than any other available. Off-line intimacy can motivate and activate communication on the Internet, but the opposite cannot always be considered as true. Illusion, time, space and fashion statements are all part of the list of easier attainments online than offline. The rise of the dependence of the Internet in Korea is for both interpersonal and business reasons but the increase in the expanse, level and quality of interpersonal communication is more obvious of the two. More and more Koreans are keen on creating various new on-line cultures in the already established social framework of Korea."
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Cultural Negotiations, 2008.
This paper examines cultural differences related to negotiations.
2,065 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that cultural differences can remarkably impact negotiations. The paper then examines and compares Western and Asian styles of negotiation as well as negotiation styles in Latin America and Germany.
Outline:
Introduction
The Negotiation Process
Differences in Negotiating Styles
American Style of Negotiations
German Style of Negotiations
Latin American Style of Negotiation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Characterizing any national or cultural approaches to negotiations is rather an intricate task although generalizations are often derived. However any generalizations are applicable or otherwise depending on a lot of contextual factors such as time, environment, circumstances, stakes, prior experiences in dealing between the parties, type of the problem, personal preferences, how interpersonal relationships work and temperament. Any sort of generalizations will be applicable to certain members of the group some of the time and therefore it is dependent on the changing situational needs. It is perhaps the reason why we defy simple categorizations and broad classifications. Concurrently it is essential to retreat and try to observe ourselves and others from an audience level so that the patterns and habits which are defined as standard in negotiation can be analyzed for what they stand for are culturally adhered and cultural defined common sense."
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Botanicas in the United States, 2008.
A brief discussion of the purpose and services of botanicas to the Hispanic-American communities in the United States.
846 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses botanicas in the United States. It focuses on how the botanicas function as support systems for Latino immigrant individuals who seek to ameliorate the problems they face in the new world through old-world solutions. The paper briefly describes the different types of items and services offered by the botanicas and discusses who provides these services.
From the Paper
"The individuals providing the most help in obtaining the products and services associated with botanicas are the trained healers and religious specialists in these shops. Healer s are regarded as the resident experts in this field; they can either serve as the employees or as actual owners of these shops. Healers can either buy the herbs and other assorted products for their clients directly from the shops themselves or send out the clients to do this. The majority of clients who take advantage of the services offered at the botanica are of Latino origin; they also happen to be first-generation immigrants to America. Sometimes non-Latino patrons may also come to regularly frequent these shops, which are wondrous cultural markers in America's major cities."
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Cree Indian and Nigerian Cultures, 2008.
A cultural information exchange regarding religious dances and social order, between a Cree Indian from Canada and a Nigerian.
4,924 words (approx. 19.7 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 125.95
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Abstract
This paper provides information shared between two friends, a Cree Indian from Canada and a Nigerian. It describes the writers' backgrounds and their various cultures. The paper focuses on two very important aspects of their cultures - one being dance as it relates to their relevant religions and the other being the social order of their cultures and societies.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Outing
My Culture: Cree
My partner's culture: Nigeria
Cultural Exchange
Beliefs, Values and Assumptions
Ambassador Comments
Examples Of An Open Question To Further Conversation
Examples Of Closed-Ended Questions To Prompt For Specifics
Use Of Body Language And Expression
Examples Of Stating What Was Heard
Active Listening
Conclusion
From the Paper
"It is also important to realize that we can learn a lot from other cultures. For example, we can learn from a culture that may be more relaxed and less stressful about daily activities. It may be helpful for people in the United States to take an hour break after lunch to relax rather than going back to work right away as some cultures do."
"We all talk about the world becoming flatter, and communication between countries expanding through the Internet and other such vehicles. Soon, it will not matter where you live in relationship to someone else. You will be able to communicate as easily with that person across the world as someone next door. It is hoped that this will make the world a better place with more understanding. Many of the problems that exist between countries are due to the fear of something different. Once one sees how similar a group of people are, this mistrust can go away along with all the negative effects this has."
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Race as a Social Construct, 2008.
This paper argues that race is a social construct.
1,500 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the perceived differences and similarities among human beings are linked to their social setting. The author points out that human beings over the course of their lives become accustomed to the company, appearance and behavior of those people around them; therefore, when people encounter atypical individuals or groups, they immediately identify these differences and react to them. The paper suggests that, within the U.S. society of increasing cultural diversity as well as human biodiversity, accepting and appreciating differences may well be more beneficial to the whole than seeking widespread conformity.
From the Paper
"Thus, conceiving of man as "everyman" would be to categorically ignore what binds him to other human beings--his culture. In anthropology, there is no single term to blanket all of humanity under a single cultural norm, moral maxim, or physical characteristic. Differences in human beings may be nearly continuous--forming a spectrum of what it is to be human--so biological or purely mental divisions between people along the lines of race, or animals along the lines of species, must be arbitrary."
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China's Environmental Issues, 2008.
A discussion of environmental issues affecting China.
1,572 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses serious environmental problems in China. The paper explains that due to overpopulation and industrialization, pollution has become a major issue within China's borders. The paper then looks at how migrants from rural and farm areas have begun moving to cities and densely populated locations at the alarming rate of approximately 20 million per year, and how this has put an enormous amount of pressure on employment within the city and has given rise to may social ills. The paper also discusses the effects of industrialization in China. The paper points out that it is not until recently that controlling industrial pollution has really gained momentum in China.
Outline:
China is Suffering Serious Environmental Problems
Root Causes of China's Problems
Strategies Chinese Local Governments, Businesses, or Individual Citizens Have Implemented to Lessen the Negative Impact on the Environment in this Region and Help Prepare it for a More Sustainable Future
Practical Solutions to these Problems that can be Funded, Developed, and Implemented Locally, or Will Long-Term Solutions Require Assistance from Outside Sources If Outside, Detail Extent of Involvement
The Philippines Has Also Attempted to Overcome Problems Similar to China's
The Success or Failure of the Philippines in Their Efforts
The Environmental or Social Factors Aiding or Hindering the Implementation of Those Plans
From the Paper
"The environmental problems in this area are due mainly to a massive population growth and urbanization in cities near the coast. This has increased industrialization in the area attracting high pollution technologies dealing with the production of energy. The South China Sea has become a dumping ground for vessels that use its waterways and for spills that may occur during ocean voyages. This environmental meltdown can be seen in satellite photo-images of the South China Sea, in which dense closed of smoke haze hang over the landscape."
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Socialization of Immigrants, 2008.
This paper looks at personal and institutional responsibility for socialization with regards to immigration.
789 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that it is evident that history has forced most immigrants to the US to take on the responsibility of socialization individually, without support from social organizations. The writer further relates that, in the initial mass immigration that occurred during industrialization, this philosophy lead to the formation of cultural communities across the US that worked to support cultural members and the greater social order as well. The writer then points out that, as time has progressed, however, there have been millions of immigrants that have arrived in the nation, both legal and illegal, who have relied solely on these cultural communities for socialization. Ultimately this has created a separation between cultural communities and the larger social order because there has been a lack of organizational or institutional support for immigrants. The writer then asserts that it is therefore apparent that it is time for institutions and individuals to fulfill their social contract with society and assist immigrants in becoming socialized. The writer concludes that it is only through this dual effort that one society will function for the greater good, which includes fulfilling the needs of all cultural groups and prevents segregation of cultural groups from the greater social order.
From the Paper
"For example, millions of illegal immigrants are demanding that they be given their citizenship because of their extended stays within the country. This demand is supported by numerous groups within the Hispanic culture that believe that crossing the border into the United States and functioning in society without incident should be sufficient grounds for citizenship. Yet, the opposing viewpoint to this argument suggests that by offering citizenship to this population, the country is degrading the efforts of other immigrants that have followed legal pathways to becoming citizens. Clearly, the latter argument supports the intentions of society to conduct immigration through legal processes, while the initial argument supports a cultural desire that strays from the legal structure of the nation. Additionally, it should be noted that the first argument serves to separate the needs of one group from the needs of the greater society, while the second argument insists upon a universal format for immigration.
"Therefore, demanding that immigrants should be responsible for their own socialization process in which they create their own resources and opportunities is possible. However, without the support of social organizations that essentially allow for a universal understanding of American life and the American culture, individuals rely on cultural communities that support only a particular culture's way of life and not the nation."
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Business Economics And Cultural Differences, 2008.
This paper provides a complete analysis of the interaction between business economics and cultural differences.
1,227 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This report compares the differences in management and work attitudes between the US (Western society, The Czech Republic and Asia). A variety of influences are discussed and compared such as gender, employee attitudes, and management styles, etc. The report concludes that cultural factors are indeed critical to outcome and the success of a company.
Outline:
Introduction
Cultural Differences: Czech Republic versus United States
Hofstede's Evaluation: Czech Republic
Eastern Versus Western Cultures
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Culture is usually considered the combination of inherent values and learned mission. The importance of culture is due to the fact that it can affect operational excellence and the achievement strategic objectives. It is therefore imperative that there be a general understanding of the difference between the two cultural realms so that important aspects of the management styles can be positioned within the overall strategic business process within organizations, since:
- Organizations are living social organisms, and need a link between them to survive; the culture can act as this link, but may or may not be a positive or enforcing element,
- Culture is a main part of the fundamental support of an institution and may fail if there is a serious contradiction between business trends and the cultural practices within a country,
- Culture is critical to business strategies, goals, missions, and outcomes, (ITIM, 2003, para 4))"
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