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The Bay of Pigs, 2005.
This paper analyzes the Bay of Pigs by using the principles of war.
2,980 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the U.S.-assisted invasion of Cuba by the exiled Cuban forces, called the Bay of Pigs, led to a complete disaster for both the United States and the exiled forces. The author points out that there are nine core principles of war: Objective, offensive, mass, economy of force, maneuver, unity of command, security, surprise and simplicity. The paper relates that the CIA plan ignored some of these applicable principles of war by designing an invasion plan that did not make use of the intelligence provided to them by the U.S. Navy, which during the course of the operation proved to be a huge obstacle in achieving the goal.
From the Paper
"One might wonder that when everything was clearly planned out and the plan of action was simple and concise, why Americans had to still face shame and what was the cause of their plans crumbling. The problem rested in the fact that although the site which CIA chose was the best available, Castro had all the reasons to expect an attack from that site. Therefore the element of surprise was one thing which lacked in their plans. To adhere to the principle of simplicity, the element of surprise was abandoned. However it should be noted that the CIA did not imagine Castro to be expecting this site to be used as landing."
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Cuba, 2005.
This paper is an extensive literature review of the economic and political history of Cuba with emphasis on Castro.
20,010 words (approx. 80.0 pages), 41 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Cuban Missile Crisis remains one of the primary reasons why Castro is held at arm's length by the U.S. government even as other parts of the world have ceased being Communist-led or have sought some accommodation with the U.S. and achieved it. The author points out that the economy of Cuba has continued to deteriorate because Cuba was less able to get international assistance when the Soviet Union changed and was pressured by the United States to remove troops and other personnel from Cuba. The paper concludes that, for all the speculation made by various commentators, the form a post-Castro Cuba will take is unknown because the circumstances of the transition are not known, meaning whether Castro will be removed by death or by some other means, who will be his immediate successor and whether there will be any violence involved in the transition. Many quotations.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Background
History
U.S. Response
The Hawk's Cay Conference
Latin America
Florida
The Cuban Economy
The Promise of Castro
Cuba after Castro
Future of U.S. Policy
Projections into the Future
Discussion
From the Paper
"The people reacted to poor economic conditions in 1994 by rioting in the capital. Even more Cubans now tried to reach the United States, producing a crisis so that President Clinton had to take steps to stop them. This produced a crisis in the U.S. as many in the Cuban community here objected. What the Clinton Administration did was to change the rules concerning the admittance and rejection of refugees from Cuba. The first of these changes is that Cubans who have been in detention camps in the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base will be admitted to the United States over the next few years. This comes after several denials that those refugees would ever be allowed into the country."
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Mayan Culture, 2006.
An overview of the history and culture of the Mayan Empire.
975 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the cultural accomplishments and legacy of the Mayan Empire. The paper demonstrates how their system of higher mathematics and geometry allowed them to build palaces, public buildings, athletic arenas, monuments, pyramids, pottery, jewelry and other various art forms, all without the benefits of modern technology. The paper also examines the archaeological evidence left behind by the Mayan Empire, discussing their creation of whole cities based on stone technology, as well as discovered artifacts that demonstrate the Mayan's culture and cleverness. The paper concludes with a discussion of the legacy of the Mayan Empire and the continuing Mayan cultural presence in Latin America today.
From the Paper
"The Mayans kept time with a combination of several cycles that converged and marked the movement of the sun, the moon, and Venus. Archeologists believe the Mayans began to keep track of time on August 31, 3114 BC. The year 3114 BC is called the zero year and is comparable to January 1, 0000 AD. The Mayan calendar records time in 400 year cycles, which means that 13 cycles of 400 years will have passed before the next cycle begins on December 27, 2012 (1-0-0-0-0 in Mayan time). The Mayans realized there were cycles in the Cosmos. From this astronomical realization came instruments for reckoning time and a calendar that accurately measures the solar year to within minutes."
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European Colonialism, 2005.
This paper discusses European colonialism in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa.
1,735 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, from the 15th century onward, European colonization of Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa was motivated by economic greed and by religious zeal on the part of European nations, especially Spain, to spread Christianity to the "uncivilized" indigenous peoples. The author points out that, as a result of New World colonialism, Spanish influence is still strongly felt throughout the Americas today and British, Dutch, French and Portuguese influence is still strongly evident in many parts of Africa. The paper stresses that this European colonization created massive changes, most of which were for the worse, in the physical landscape and in the economic distribution of wealth and resources on both continents, which today continue to strongly affect the people, their lack of resources and the overall conditions of those areas.
From the Paper
"Latin America today suffers similarly in many ways, also an unfortunate legacy of past European invasion. Perhaps most interestingly, Brazil, the Latin American nation most ravaged by the Portuguese, suffers from an AIDS epidemic equal to those of parts of Africa. Indigenous peoples of Brazil, their numbers severely decreased by a smallpox epidemic brought by European settlers, live today in isolated pockets of Andean poverty. Some of Brazil's indigenous tribes are so small today that they risk dying out within the next generation. Meanwhile, Brazil's tropical rain forests continue today to be destroyed in the name of "progress", wreaking havoc with our worldwide ecosystem."
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Nicaragua, 2006.
A look at Nicaragua's progress away from authoritarian regimes towards democratically elected ones.
2,605 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper details Nicaragua's transformation from a dictatorship to a democracy and looks at some of the obstacles the country has had to overcome in order to achieve this transformation. The paper also examines the history of Nicaragua and looks at how its history has affected the style of government in power, as well as how the country differs from other South American nations. Additionally, the paper looks at Nicaragua's economy and its level of prosperity in terms of how these factors influence the type of governmental rule established there. Furthermore, the paper examines U.S. policy towards Nicaragua and the key institutions within Nicaragua that need to be augmented in order to facilitate democratic rule.
From the Paper
"Although these problems are difficult ones, it seems that Nicaragua has managed to survive at least one political storm that threatened to tear it to pieces. The constitutional reform effort--made in late 1994 and early 1995--is one primary example of the potential that the Nicaraguan government possesses. The reform looked to build consensus among the polarized factions within the legislative branch; the executive branch vehemently opposed these reforms, but the Supreme Court ruled on the issue and sent it on the path towards broad resolution. Additionally, the reforms sought to strengthen the powers of the legislative and judicial branches--further moving the nation away from an authoritarian style government. It has also been noted that, "The public debate over the reforms has also helped to build support for the democratic process." However demonstrative this success of the emerging democracy in Nicaragua was, there still remain many obstacles that the nation must overcome if it is to be considered a thoroughly democratic society."
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Stereotypes and Racism, 2006.
A paper surveying stereotypes and their effects on society.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of stereotypes. It describes stereotypes as the exaggeration or over-generalization of certain trends. The paper explains that both the holder of the stereotype and the subject of the stereotype may be hurt by the stereotype. The author mentions that the use of stereotypes may hinder people from gaining actual knowledge about other societies. For example, the author describes the issues of personal distance in conversations in different communities, explaining that different societies have different rules regarding personal space and touching during regular communication.
From the Paper
"Stereotypes are limited views of a group or type of people that is based on information that is not correct because it is oversimplified, incomplete, or distorted. No one is immune to the effects of stereotypes, and every person will inevitably experience the holding and receiving end of this harmful social phenomenon. Stereotypes may be based on race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, age, physical appearance, level of education, socioeconomic class, and many other factors. Stereotypes are a major contributing factor to the judgments each person will make about another person or group of people. In order to make the most accurate judgments in every situation, the presence of stereotypes must be addressed, discussed, and dispelled."
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Latin Women in 17th - 19th Centuries, 2006.
Examines issues relating to marriage, sexuality and childbirth of Latin women through these centuries.
4,948 words (approx. 19.8 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 125.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the sexual and marital lives of women in four major Latin American cities between the 17th and 19th centuries. By analyzing and comparing the experiences of women in Mexico City, Bahia, Buenos Aries and Lima, this paper shows that while there were certainly some differences in the intimate lives of the populations in these areas, there were more often vastly similar social norms and religious institutions which resulted in similar life experiences from one major city to another. Further, this paper discusses these differences and similarities in terms of their effects on the sexual and marital lives of the women in colonial Latin America.
From the Paper
"Only women who were virgins when single, monogamous when married, and chaste when widowed were allowed legal discourse (Seed 1988). Sexual crimes such as concubinage, incest, bigamy, and abortion were often harshly punished when the offender were female (Seed 1988). Further, prostitution was illegal, as was adultery, and both were punishable by a loss of dowry and shares of community property, or imprisonment. In drastic cases, the husband was allowed to kill the woman (Seed 1988)."
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Latin American Union, 2006.
An analysis of the idea of creating a social institution, resembling the European Union structure, for Latin American countries.
2,888 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the rationality of creating a social institution for Latin American countries, resembling the mechanisms of the European Union. The paper starts by discussing the role of international institutions and organizations in the present world order. Next, the paper provides a complete, yet concise, review of literature relevant to the discussion and then provides the rationale for the creation of a social institution in Latin America. The paper argues in favor of such an institution's formation by revealing the failures of the international institutions and global organizations and by highlighting the dilemmas of the national governments in the present world order. Lastly, the paper provides a brief, yet concise mechanisms of the social institution that will assist the Latin American countries in resolving the present discrepancies and problems confronting them.
Table of Contents
Abstract
Introduction
Review of Related Literature
The Rationale for the Creation of a Latin American
Social Institution
An argument in Favor of the Creation of a
Latin American Social Institution
The Possible Mechanisms of the Latin American
Social Institution
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The thought of creating an international social institution in Latin America, resembling The European Union structure needs careful examination as it is clear from the above mentioned facts that research and study on this subject is neither very extensive nor very comprehensive. However, before we assess the justification and the possible working structure of an international institution in Latin America, it is imperative we briefly review the theories pertaining to this subject so that we may be able to clearly evaluate not only the workings of the Latin American social institution but also the fundamental reasons and motivations underlying such a development."
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The French and Haitian Revolutions, 2005.
This paper discusses the impact of the Enlightenment on the French and Haitian revolutions.
1,005 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Enlightenment greatly influenced the French and Haitian revolutions, mostly due to the rights of man as expressed in the "Declaration" and the philosophical ideals of such men as Rousseau, Diderot and Montesquieu. The author points out that the French Revolution influenced the Haitian revolt via its appeal to the white lower classes, the mulattos and freed blacks who resented the social barriers of legal discrimination within Haiti. The paper suggests that the Enlightenment not only brought about new political and social systems within France and Haiti but also caused massive unrest and much trouble for both countries.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The Enlightenment
The French Revolution
The Haitian Revolution
From the Paper
"While all of this revolt was happening in France, the small Caribbean colony of Haiti was experiencing similar turmoil. The Haitian Revolution of 1789 to 1804 began as a political struggle among the free peoples of Saint Domingue, a French colony on the island of Hispaniola. The French Revolution of the same period provided the impetus for class and racial hatreds to come about on the island. Each of the colony's social classes, being the wealthy planters and merchants, and the lower white classes, seized the chance to address their grievances and bring about social chaos and revolt."
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Latin Literary Comparison, 2006.
This paper reviews and analyzes the various similarities relating to Latin-American immigration in both Julia Alvarez's "How the Garcia Girls Lost Their Accents" and T. Coraghessan Boyle's "The Tortilla Curtain."
713 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper details the plot as well as the main characters of each novel while focusing on the numerous similarities in both works of writing. This paper examines the manner in which both authors focus on the real-life problems encountered by Latin immigrants in the U.S. This paper delves into the numerous difficulties which awaited the immigrants upon their arrival to America including issues with gender, culture and class backgrounds. The writer contends and explains why the Garcia girls in Alvarez's novel did not assimilate completely in the U.S., even though they lost their native accents they continue to remain stuck between the two cultures unable to fully adapt to either one. This paper also delves into the topic of illegal immigration and the ensuing problems facing the characters in Boyle's novel.
From the Paper
"The Garcia girls come to the United States because of political reasons. They are forced to leave the Dominican Republic because their father got in trouble with the Dominican secret police for protesting the nation's ruling military dictatorship. In contrast, the immigrants of The Tortilla Curtain immigrate illegally, rather than with the help of the CIA like the Garcia girls. The immigrants from Mexico of The Tortilla Curtain do so to better their way of life, economically, rater than for political reasons, when they flee their nation to make their way to Southern California via Mexico. The Garcia girls come from a privileged background. They had enjoyed many, if not more of the toys and luxuries of their American counterparts. True, they still have trouble fitting in, when they come to America."
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The Dominican Republic, 2005.
This extensive paper presents a detailed history of the Dominican Republic.
6,720 words (approx. 26.9 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 153.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Taino Indians inhabited the island at least 5,000 years prior to Christopher Columbus' discovery of America; these natives were eliminated by smallpox, which Columbus brought with him. The author points out that the Trujillo administration for more than thirty years made massive spending in building infrastructure; however, the despot himself, his family and his associates cornered the major part of the monetary gains. The paper relates that the pattern of the last 500 years of abysmal poverty and complete government mismanagement and corruption by the people in power has continued with the election of President Leonel Fernandez, who made the things ever worse when he depreciated the currency to the dollar by 50% and enhanced taxes and prices to insure poverty for his people.
From the Paper
"During the late 1970s, the pace of economic growth demonstrated a shortfall while the sugar prices varied and the quadrupling of oil prices that initiated in 1973 converted the terms of trade of the nation to become negative. Progressive deficits in the balance of payments, reducing revenues of the government coming out of the extensive tax exemptions, and growing expenditures on state-operated companies quickly enhanced the national debt. During the early 1980s, oil prices again enhanced to a great extent, the international recessions diverted the local economy, and sugar prices hit a forty-year low, and never before high interest rates on foreign loans threw the economy into the whirlwind of balance of payments deficit and growing external debt."
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NAFTA, 2005.
This paper discusses the effect of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) on Mexico's economy.
1,370 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, a decade after the enactment of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) creating a borderless economy, Mexico has benefited from free trade but problems remain if it is to compete effectively with the rest of the world. The author points out that, the unemployment rate is close to zero in northern Mexico where manufacturing still is concentrated; however, manufacturing facilities are spreading out to other parts of the country. The paper stresses that, in spite of the vast improvements in the last ten years, Mexico still has some serious challenges ahead such as (1) the need to create one million new jobs each year in order to absorb the young workers entering the market and (2) smaller companies have trouble upgrading technology because of higher borrowing costs.
From the Paper
"Mexico has come a long way from the catastrophic financial crisis of 1994-1995, when millions of Mexicans were thrust into poverty and life savings were wiped out. Two million jobs were eliminated. The early days of NAFTA had failed to benefit Mexico as expected, and most of the manufacturing exports still came from the maquiladora sector along the northern border with the U.S. A corrupt and unstable political environment limited foreign investment. In January 1995, President Clinton was motivated to provide a $47 billion bailout of the Mexican economy."
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