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Child Labor, 2007.
An analysis of the negative implications of child labor for the economic development of a country.
807 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that child labor has a negative impact on a country's economic development. The paper discusses the reasons why child labor is used and how children find themselves in a situation where they can be exploited. It describes the negative impact that child labor has on the child and his family, as well as on society, due to lack of schooling and other problems for these children.
From the Paper
"Whilst children are often forced into work to aid their family financially, the result of child labor can sometimes be the opposite. Though children generally work for poverty reasons, they are not well paid. Children are exploited in that they are forced to work for long hours for low pay. Bonded labor, for instance, occurs when a family takes an advance payment (usually quite low, sometimes as little as U.S. $15) to hand a child over to an employer. Typically in these cases the child cannot "work off" this debt and the family can rarely raise the money to reclaim their child (Human Rights Watch). Workplaces are also typically structured so that workplace "expenses" are deducted from the child's earnings and the family cannot earn a reasonable amount of money. In some cases, contracts exist so that labor is generational, e.g. a child may be sold into labor on the condition that their offspring and their offspring's offspring work for the employer for free (Human Rights Watch). This perpetuates a cycle of negative economic activity to the detriment of the family and the country. Bonded labor has been proven to exist amongst millions of child workers in India alone (in the Human Rights Watch 2003 report)."
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Poor Classes within the United States, 2007.
An examination of the importance of race and class in defining who is poor in the United States.
857 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the issues of race and class status of the poor within the United States. It describes the marginalization of race within the United States and shows how there is a construct that denies a livable wage for those of "minority" status. The paper specifically examines how race and class are important factors in defining who is poor and who is not within the United States.
From the Paper
"These statistics provide an imbalanced ratio of poor minorities in relation to the larger white population's percentage of working poor within their racial constructs. This provides a general outlook as to the way that many minorities are receiving low wage jobs, especially those jobs (mostly agrarian) that are part of the current illegal alien debate. The construct of race in American accepts the white consensus that minorities should partake in service jobs, reflecting a racist social apparatus that drives down wages for people with differing skin colors that the white milieu. This is the racial construct of poverty within America, which defines why skin color is a factor in determining the poor in this type of economy."
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Trade and Human Development, 2007.
This paper examines a human development approach to trade policy.
961 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper explains the benefits of a human development approach to trade policy, but also notes that unrestricted trade can have significant negative components for workers in both developed and especially developing countries. The paper discusses how a gender analysis can be incorporated into a broader human development approach. The paper explains that an awareness of the role of gender in the process of developing trade policies is not simply a matter of equity or justice, but also of critical importance to economic development.
From the Paper
"A human development to economic growth and trade policy is a relatively new economic model that is the endpoint of a long tradition of human-centred economics. This approach centers people and people's needs at the core of the economic processes; as their subject and not their object. While this understanding of economics is relatively new in many respects - with the first United Nations Human Development Report being published in 1990 - the basic features of this approach have been concerns of preeminent economic thinkers such as Smith, Mill, Marx and Malthus for generations (UNDP 2003, 22-23)."
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| Term Paper # 99866 |
temporarily unavailable
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The Outsourcing Phenomenon, 2007.
An analysis of the relationship of the Bush administration to outsourcing, insourcing and off-shoring.
2,190 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the growing phenomenon of outsourcing. It describes and analyzes the economic paradigm in which the two corporate strategies of outsourcing and off-shoring can exist. The paper also discusses the characterizations of globalization and how this relates to outsourcing, insourcing and off-shoring. Finally, the paper discusses the Bush administration's involvement with outsourcing.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Outsourcing/Insourcing
The Necessity of Outsourcing
The Necessity of Insourcing
The Bush Administration and Outsourcing
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Future trends in outsourcing, off-shoring, and insourcing will reflect the growing attention paid to IP and core business competencies. Business process outsourcing that relies on automated IT solutions will continue to be grow in outplacement while some business transformation IT activities, such as customized business solutions and optimized IT platforms will be insourced or simply kept in-house (Hormozi, Hostetler & Middleton, 2003). Another is that outsourcing that will grow relative to IT applications is application management outsourcing where duplicate applications are brought under the management of single applications and platforms through the use of a 3rd party provider (Taylor, 2002). These trends will increasingly crystallize into core business strategies."
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A Work-Life Balance, 2007.
This paper discusses the importance of companies finding a balance between their workers' business and personal needs.
2,236 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that a consistent level of stress in working environments that has pushed workers to be successful has been detrimental to businesses, as well as society. The paper explains that because of these instances of violence and unrest within the working class, such as in the United States Postal Service and the nursing profession, businesses have discovered that they must now find methods that will create a balance between work and life. The paper concludes that businesses must now plan for a restructuring that accommodates the worker in his or her professional and personal existence.
From the Paper
"The balance between work and an individual's life is significant in modern society because the concept suggests that the person has some form of control over his or her existence. At the beginning of industrialization Karl Marx noted that workers would ultimately have no control over their lives in a capitalistic society. Marx contended that there would be two classes in the social order - the wealthy and the laborers. In Marx' view, the wealthy would own all businesses and the laborer would depend on the business in order to survive in the social order. However, Marx also indicated that as time progressed the wealthy would manipulate the working man into believing that if he worked hard and long enough he would be capable of overcoming his hardships."
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Lessons for the Labor Movement, 2007.
An analysis of the history and development of labor and labor organizations in Canada.
1,059 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the positive and negative lessons that history can provide to today's unions and trade unions in Canada. It describes the influence that the state and the nature of the economy have on labor and labor organizations and their activities. The paper also discusses trade unions and their role, as well as other developments in the history of the labor movement. Finally the paper looks at fthe ree market economy and its implications in increasing job insecurity and wage and benefit rollbacks.
From the Paper
"Free market economy increased job insecurity and wage and benefit rollbacks and continues to be the basis of today's economy in Canada. The labor movement of today is faced with these challenges as well as the relocation and closing down of many industrial plants and factories all over Canada. Also, today Canada's labor movement needs to have a broader agenda as it faces with all the challenges of the global economy as well as the effects of the decline of state intervention within the context of this new global economy. It also needs to recognize the cultural, social and ethnic diversity that makes up the Canadian workforce today. Additionally it has to become concerned with the status of part-time and temporary employees whose number is increasing steadily, as many employers are cutting out full-time jobs with full benefits."
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Labor Policy, 2007.
A review of Melvyn Dubofsky's book "The State and Labor in Modern America".
1,857 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes Melvyn Dubofsky's book, "The State and Labor in Modern America". The paper relates that, in the book, Dubofsky details the history of how the state in America has addressed issues involving employers and employees and how the state has shaped labor policy. The paper reviews the validity of Dubofsky's analyses and draws conclusions about the book's worth as a historical book.
From the Paper
"In the next few years, membership in the AFL declined. The steel strike of 1919 ended in failure, and business showed increasing hostility to labor through the "American Plan," essentially an antiunion, open-shop program that dominated the 1920s. The only substantial victory for labor during this period was the Railway Labor Act of 1926, but even this was only a qualified victory because it was a weak compromise of provisions that had been agreed to by rail labor and management."
"The role of labor would come to the fore once more with the New Deal, a series of regulations passed and agencies created to overcome the problems of the Great Depression. These acts brought the federal government more directly into many areas of American life, and especially into economic relations in an effort to restore confidence and solve some of the problems brought about by widespread unemployment, bank failures, and the like."
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Age Discrimination in the Workplace, 2007.
This paper explores the issue of age discrimination in business today.
1,068 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that companies fire their older workers in order to avoid having to pay retirement or medical benefits or to hire a younger and less expensive replacement. The paper examines the various federal anti-discrimination laws and looks at numerous lawsuits that have been brought over age discrimination. The paper discusses how age is the new battleground for many workers, a situation that is increasing in importance as the baby boom generation reaches retirement age.
From the Paper
"Age discrimination is an issue today, perhaps more than ever in an era when companies seek to avoid having to pay retirement or medical benefits and do so by firing older employees who might be about to invest in their pension or who might need medical attention. Another reason is that older employees may be paid more than new hires, so companies replace older workers with new workers just for that reason. This type of change is in addition to those who are simply biased against older workers and who take any opportunity to remove older works and bring in new blood."
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Age Discrimination, 2007.
An analysis of the Ontario Human Rights Commission's paper, "A Time For Action", which claims that mandatory retirement is age discrimination.
715 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the Ontario Human Rights Commission's article, "A Time For Action," which argues against mandatory retirement. The paper agrees that mandatory retirement is probably not the real answer to dealing with generational economic disparity in that it creates another set of injustices. At the same time, the paper claims that the article fails to adequately and objectively address the more complex issues surrounding mandatory retirement, such as the economic disconnect between baby boomers and every generation thereafter.
From the Paper
"After being introduced in tones that lend more to emotion, the paper develops on the fact that discrimination based on age, as opposed to an individual's ability, is what it calls "unequal treatment," which can mean a lot of things in bureaucratese ("A Time For Action." 32). In terms of this paper's premise, it means that people should not be fired for simply reaching their 65th birthday, and that is an excellent point. But what is clear from the outset is that pre-boomer generations, who are being kept out or kept down in the workforce, will rate for precious little mention in determining the right thing to do, so far as this paper is concerned."
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Immigrants in the Labor Force, 2007.
An analysis of the positive and negative impact of immigration on the United States.
1,896 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the impact of immigrants upon the United States' domestic economy in terms of the contributions they make and the burdens they compel other Americans to shoulder. At the same time, the paper offers some recommendations and, ultimately, solutions which offer a means by which America can successfully marry immigration inflows with its economic needs as well as with the needs of its native-born population. The paper includes a brief annotated bibliography.
From the Paper
"To close briefly, the preceding paper has looked at immigration in the United States and its impact upon the American economy. Simply put, while the typical immigrant brings many things to America, there is mounting evidence that he or she creates complications for the native-born. At the same time, fears about illegal immigration and what it means for America abounds and there is no reason that this concern will abate any time soon. Ultimately, the best things America can do appear to be the following: tighten border security, increase the educational and professional requirements for immigrants; and put money into punishing those who profit from illegal immigration. If this is done, then there is hope for the future."
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"Open Shop" Labor Environment of Los Angeles, 2007.
A review of the history of the "open shop" labor environment in early 20th century Los Angeles.
754 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper defines the critical aspects of the Los Angeles labor movements of the early twentieth century. It also discusses the problem of unionizing workers and the construct of racism. The paper then discusses how this helped to create an "open shop" labor environment. The paper finally shows why Los Angeles became a haven for the poor and disenfranchised that sought to make a living in this particular city.
From the Paper
"In conclusion, the basis for Open Shop in Los Angeles at the turn of the 20th century reveals the issue of race, class and unions that were present at this time. By understanding the heavy supply of workers and the openness of white business owners to allow them into these labor markets, wages were very low and union regulations virtually non-existent. This is the critical reason why Los Angeles became a haven for the poor and disenfranchised that sought to make living in this particular city."
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