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South Asian Economics, 2006.
A review of the "spatial poverty trap".
3,079 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of a "spatial poverty trap", identified by Angue Deaton and Jean Dreze. According to this paper, this refers to the tendency of poverty to concentrate in certain geographical locations within countries. This paper examines the most important contributing factors to this phenomenon.
From the Paper
"Furthermore the authors mention the issue of overall living standards improvement as a factor that hides specific instances of poverty. While government relief subsidies are offered for relocation programs in cases of radical economic change such as the move from traditional to commercial farming, these are hardly enough to cover the expenses of a family losing an entire livelihood. Such livelihoods are for example specifically lost by families who have been involved in traditional economic ventures such as fishing for centuries. These industries are replaced by commercial shrimp farms, for example. Government subsidies hide the empoverished nature of traditional communities whose livelihood is removed from their immediate environment. Subsidies then hide the problem while exacerbating it instead of relieving it in a targeted fashion like an improved or new policy might have done."
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Poverty Level and Minimum Wage, 2006.
A look at the poverty levels in the USA.
1,349 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews a recent population survey by the US Census Bureau saying that America's poor have significantly risen to 37 million, 13 million of whom are children. According to the paper, records show that child poverty in America is significantly higher than that in other major Western countries. With a 12.7% population increase rate, 7 million additional poor will burden the economy and country.
From the Paper
"According to the 2005 population survey conducted by the US Census Bureau, the number of Americans living in poverty has substantially risen to 37 million in recent years or almost one in every eight persons (Office of Social Justice St. Paul and Minneapolis 2006). The 12.7% population increase meant an additional 7 million Americans falling into poverty since 2000. Of these figures, 13 million were children living in poverty in 2004 at a rate of 17.8%, which was significantly higher than that of population as a whole. Child poverty has also been twice or thrice higher than that in most other major Western industrialized countries where 2,019 American babies are born in poverty. Current statistics say that one in five children is poor in his or her first three years of life, the time when brain development is greatest. Furthermore, each child is born without health insurance every minute. And according to the National Center for Children in Poverty, the poverty rate for children is significantly higher by approximately 50% than for other age groups (OSJSPM)."
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Performance Standards and Guidelines, 2006.
An analysis of performance standards and guidelines in the medical field.
2,427 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper assesses the use of performance indicators within the medical field. The paper provides a general overview of what is currently being used. The paper then evaluates the positives and negative of these current systems. The paper concludes by discussing possible improvements in performance in the medical field.
Outline:
Standard I: Quality of Practice
Standard II: Professional Practice Evaluation
Standard III: Education
Standard IV: Ethics
Standard V: Collaboration
Standard VII Resource Utilization
IV. Technology
From the Paper
"Health care performance indicators have been developed by different local and international medical organisations such as the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations and the Health Care Financing Administration in North America. The Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and Associates, Inc. for example, has developed guidelines for nurses. These guidelines focus on how they are to perform their duties and responsibilities. Guidelines are based on current practices in the field, along with published data about it. Standards of Clinical Nursing Practice are divided into Standards of Practice and Standards of Professional Performance. These standards, based on the American Nurses Association (ANA) format, have been structured to be all-inclusive. They allow for the evaluation of all levels of nursing care provided in a variety of settings and describe the collaborative nature of gastroenterology, hepatology, and endoscopy practice. (sgna ,2005) These standards could assist in making sure the patients receive care from knowledgeable and skilled nurses and they are receiving the necessary attention they ought to have (Smith 2001)."
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Sweatshops in China, 2006.
A discussion regarding the labor practices in Chinese sweatshops.
2,518 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed examination of labor in China, focusing specifically on sweatshops and unions. The paper explores what a sweatshop is, why they still exist in China and what the American labor movement is doing to try and stop them.
Outline:
Introduction
The Outcry
Defining the Term
Focus on China
American Union Response
Chinese Worker Response
Conclusion
From the Paper
"While her case brought international attention to the issue there are hundreds of thousands of identical sweatshops throughout China employing many millions of men, women and children who are trapped in a cycle that they cannot break. The pay is so substandard that they often find they have to live with dozens of other people in a single home so that they can afford to buy food. Even given this effort the food that they can afford is often substandard therefore the nutritional needs are not being met. This cycle is difficult to break as they do not make enough money to provide for their families while they begin new jobs or careers. "
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Early Retirement, 2007.
An argument for the reduction in retirement age for the general population.
2,194 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
The paper contends that retirement should be mandatory and it should take place between the ages of 55 and 57. The paper discusses the benefits involved, including opportunities for volunteer work, more freedom and lower healthcare expenses for employers. The paper notes the concern that without a sufficient pension, retirees will become a burden on the state. The paper concludes that an earlier retirement age should be the way companies work since they would save a lot of money. This would allow them to look after the newer generation and future of the country while retirees use their experiences to help others.
Outline:
Introduction
Benefits
Opposition
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Society is always changing. It is not something that can ever be avoided, and in many ways this is a good thing. A society that is not willing to grow and change will simply stagnate instead of continuing to evolve into something that is even better than it was in the first place. Not all of society's changes are good or bad, however. Some changes are simply changes, and they must be accepted as such. One of these changes is the fact that the population of America is becoming older overall as people are living longer. Even though there are many people being born, there are large groups of baby boomers and others that are reaching retirement age. This has many implications for the future."
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Unions, 2006.
A review of the history and the decline in union membership.
2,114 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed examination of the decline of unions over the past few decades. The paper explores some of the reasons that have caused union membership to decline. The paper also explains the history and purpose of unions worldwide, and also the elements contributing to the decline of union membership experienced in the US.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Worldwide
In The States
Conclusion
From the Paper
"As unions began to grow over the years management began to realize that they would have to begin treating their workers with more respect if they would ever get out from under the hold the union could have on the company if it was allowed entrance. To this end companies began to offer wages and benefits that could compete with anything a union might demand. The benefit to having such elements provided without a union for the workers was that they no longer had to pay union dues and if a company went on strike miles or states away, they would not be required to strike in support and lose wages while doing so. As management began to reap the rewards of offering benefits without being forced to, they quickly realized that it was a way to keep unions out and still have productive employees. "
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"The 42nd Parallel", 2007.
A discussion on the state of early 20th century labor in John Dos Passos' experimental novel, "The 42nd Parallel".
1,142 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper analyzes how, in John Dos Passos' novel, "The 42nd Parallel", work has a dual significance in the lives of the characters of Mac and Janey. The paper explores how work can be profoundly empowering to the individual and allow the individual to live the life he 'likes,' in terms of providing money to establish independence from the family and buying consumer goods. The paper further explores how, from a societal perspective, the ways that workers are viewed in American capitalist society and the ways that employers regard their workers, often as disposable commodities, is fundamentally misguided.
From the Paper
" Hard work provides an income, and thus personally independence, from the need to remain dependent upon one's family. Feeling independent can itself be spiritually uplifting, and the impersonal nature of paid work and its ability to give one's self autonomy outside the family can be valuable, especially for women. For example, some of the hardest work in the novel is the work performed by women. "The strike [of the mill workers] was not popular on Orchard Street. It meant that Mom had to work harder and harder, doing bigger and bigger boilersful of wash."(16) Not even the advocates of the laborers, mostly male, appreciate the amount of unpaid and unrecognized work performed by women. Because work around the home is not paid work, both laboring men and women alike tend to devalue housework like washing and sewing, even though they require it to survive."
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New York City and Welfare Reform, 2006.
A review of the article "It Did Happen Here" by Mark Levitan.
867 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the issues relating to welfare reform in NYC, according to Mark Levitan's article, "It Did Happen Here". According to the paper, Levitan argues that even though NYC has experienced a significant rise in "working poor", those who have jobs still remain below the poverty line. This issue is a controversial one, because many people believe that any job is preferable to welfare.
From the Paper
"The information Levitan presents is supported and elaborated on by other sources. In particular, the report of Benita Andrews, mother of nine, demonstrates that those who want to reduce welfare may struggle to see welfare recipients as individuals. It is hard to imagine how Andrews would be able to support nine children on any job she could get. In addition, those who look at her situation keep including the income of the father of her children, who no longer live with them and who only intermittently provides any money at all for the family's maintenance (McMillan, 2006). "
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Wage Discrimination, 2007.
A discussion of the article "Differences in Occupational Earnings by Sex" by Derek Robinson.
1,065 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper is of the opinion that "Differences in Occupational Earnings by Sex" is an outstanding and detailed look at the wage gap between men and women. The paper discusses the idea that women's work is not perceived with the same value as men's work and therefore when women work outside the home, this attitude translates to the workplace. The paper emphasizes the belief that this is not just a business or monetary issue to be solved. It is a societal issue that must be changed. The paper maintains that society must not view women as second-class citizens, but as viable workers in their own right.
From the Paper
"Many years ago, it was considered normal business practice to pay men (especially married men) more than women doing the same jobs because married men had to support a family. In the traditional American family, women did not work, or they worked in traditionally female occupations, such as nursing, teaching, secretarial, and other jobs that men usually did not want. As such, they were paid less than their male counterparts were. Today, the tradition continues, but it demoralizes women who work in the same capacity as men, but are not paid the same."
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Minimum Wage, 2007.
An analysis of the fairness of the introduction of minimum wage in America and how Wal-Mart applies the law.
742 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the benefits of the introduction of minimum wage to labor laws in America. It examines both the argument in favor of and against the introduction of this law in America. The paper then applies the two arguments to assessing the viability of the statement that retail giant Wal-Mart unfairly compensates its employees for their labor.
From the Paper
"Huge retail employer Wal-Mart has faced specific criticism of its reluctance to raise employee wages, as well as its policies, considered restrictive by many, regarding the provision of employee benefits such as health care and retirement programs. The arguments of those who favor Wal-Mart paying its employees a living wage say that the retailer could set an example of the viability of such a policy for other large and small corporations. Detractors from this suggestion note that the policy will, at least immediately, decrease profitability and increase costs for the retailer, potentially harming the overall economy. Especially since the average wage at Wal-Mart is only $9.68 per hour, $2.60 lower than the national average wage, critics of the company assert that the retailer does not provide sufficient benefits or pay for its employees and, in light of the huge profits it receives, can afford to do so (Sharp 2005)."
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"Theories of Occupational Segregation by Sex", 2007.
A critique of the article "Theories of Occupational Segregation by Sex: An Overview," by Richard Anker.
978 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how, in the article "Theories of Occupational Segregation by Sex: An Overview", author Richard Anker looks at how severe occupational segregation is when it comes to the sex of the individual. It looks at how Anker discusses many different options for why women are not treated the same way as men when it comes to working and what kinds of jobs that they can be accepted for. In addition, the paper discusses how Anker points out that women are still not comparably paid, even when they have the same employer and the same job description as a man.
From the Paper
"One of the most significant issues with this article, however, is how in-depth Anker (1997) gets. Instead of simply glossing over the issue and saying that there is occupational segregation based on sex because employers do not think that women and men can do the same kind of work, Anker (1997) addresses the many issues that surround it, such as the absenteeism that women often display. This absenteeism is seen for many reasons, including increased family responsibilities (Anker, 1997). These family responsibilities are just a part of life for most women today, as they are expected to handle everything at home and still work as well. It is no surprise that these women sometimes miss work or are late for work. "
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Pilot Fatigue: Universal Safety Concern, 2006.
A discussion regarding the issue of pilot fatigue and the dangers it represents.
4,650 words (approx. 18.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 120.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses various aspects of pilot fatigue, the causes of such fatigue and the associated dangers. The paper also discusses aviation accidents where pilot fatigue was proved to have been the cause. The paper further discusses ways in which pilot fatigue can be avoided.
Outline:
Introduction
Accidents Associated With Fatigue
Causes and Results of Pilot Fatigue
Past, Present and Future Responses to Pilot Fatigue
Conclusion
From the Paper
"There are of coarse more recent examples that 1999 and as the attention of the aviation industry, the flying public and of coarse the media have become more attuned to these sorts of situations the accounts are more likely to list pilot fatigue as a major cause of an accident but ultimately the responsibility is often laid upon the individual flight crews as to their obvious inability to self advocate in situations where their physical and mental state is impaired by fatigue. The commercial industry often does not associate their own responsibility, regarding the over scheduling of pilots or the random and physically and mentally disruptive nature of changing time zones, sleep deprivation or limited downtime in a increasingly competitive and demanding environment where cost cutting is necessary and individuals are often lost in the shuffle of the schedule with longer lists of flights and generally lower cost flights that provide a lower return on the investment."
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