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The Outstretched Hand of Peace, the Outstretched Hand of War, 2002.
A discussion of cooperation, capitulation and rebellion in Native American relations with the American Federal Government.
1,249 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the modern history of the Native American nation and the history of the federal government of the United States has proceeded through several distinct phases over the course of the latter 20th century. It analyzes how this sweep of Native American history in the United States can primarily be characterized by periods of acclimation, peaceful acknowledgement and even acceptance of some of the benefits of white culture, followed rebellion and anger at broken promises. It evaluates how Native Americans have sought peace or a form of mutual stasis with whites, but encroachment into Native territories has resulted in resistance and war. It looks at how today, objectives of independence have been achieved, but the effects of oppression in the form of personal desperation and addiction remain.
From the Paper
"For instance, during World War II, many Native Americans were extremely helpful to the United States government in the war effort. One of the most notable manifestations of this was the Navajo use of their native language as a code for the military, which the Japanese army never managed to break. hus Native Americans participated in the war effort in a vital and active fashion, despite their separation from mainstream American culture. Yet after the war, the Native American contribution to the survival of the United States was not recognized. In a way somewhat parallel to African Americans, military and political personnel recognized the Native American contribution to the war effort in the form of medals and verbal acknowledgement."
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Economic and Emotional Truths, 2002.
A comparative analysis of the books ?Observations on Marxism and the Lakota Tradition? by Frank Black Elk and "Those Dead Guys for a Hundred Years" by Jimmie Durham.
1,055 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how both the books ?Observations on Marxism and the Lakota Tradition? by Frank Black Elk and "Those Dead Guys for a Hundred Years" by Jimmie Durham critically examine the historical Native American tradition in America from a contemporary Native American perspective. It examines how Frank Black Elk examines his heritage with a critical economic and political eye, as well as attempts to discuss his personal search for his identity as a Native American man today. Jimmie Durham, in contrast, is much more concerned with the social and psychological terms of historical and ethnic ?memory? of all Native Americans. It shows how Durham defines himself, not against an ideology or against European society, but in contrast to individuals whom he never know, yet he still sees as an intrinsic part of his past. It looks at how Durham attempts to reconstruct the lives of Native Americans from long past, while Elk is more concerned with reconstructing his own sense of self.
From the Paper
"In contrast, the Native American author Jimmie Durham views his past and his connection with Native American heroes in a far more unbroken fashion. He views his connection with the dead and even the defeated as a living tradition, rather than the dead Native Americans as part of the past. ?For us, history is always personal. (I remember the Trail of Tears and Sequoia?s efforts as though I had been there.) History is directly involved with our families and our generations; tied with sacred white cotton string to the sweet and intense memories of our brother or sister is the desperate and intense hope of each generation to change this history.? (Durham 171-2). Durham views his identity as a Native American, despite the currently marginal status of his people, as a viable source of identification. He portrays the supposed split between the culture of the living and the dead as simply yet another manifestation of white ideology and anathema to Native American culture."
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Native American Stories, 2002.
This paper examines four Native American stories in Gerald Vizenor?s anthology "Native American Literature: A Brief Introduction and Anthology".
1,550 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the four stories assigned for analysis in Gerald Vizenor?s anthology "Native American Literature: A Brief Introduction and Anthology". ( ?Return to White Earth? by John Rogers, ?A Good Chance,? by Elizabeth Cook-Lynn, ?The Little People? by Maria Campbell and ?Someday Soon,? by Paula Gunn Allen). The author discusses their common themes, adaptability and the finding of identity. The writer illustrates how the four stories represent a wide variety of writings about a wide variety of Indian peoples, help the reader understand the history of the Native American experience, and to some degree, today?s reality of that changed experience.
From the Paper
"The four stories assigned for analysis in Gerald Vizenor?s anthology (Native American Literature: A Brief Introduction and Anthology) are each, to begin with, quite different, in terms of the point of view and the tone the authors have set. ?Return to White Earth? is a very pure and charming story of the homecoming and coming of age of a Chippewa boy, returning to his native northern Minnesota following a stay at a boarding school in South Dakota. This story, by John Rogers, is as much an education in how Chippewa Indians lived, hunted, worked, interacted, and survived, as it is a story merely about characters and events. Beautifully written, and loaded with similes about the natural world and why Native Americans respect that world, this story is an up-tempo, pleasurable experience to read."
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"Tracks", 2002.
A review of Louise Erdrich?s historical novel, "Tracks".
1,928 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Louise Erdrich?s novel, "Tracks" about the starving Native American Chippewa tribe in North America moving toward extinction due mostly in part because of the Industrial Revolution. The path of Erdrich's novel consists of a series of tracks that connects the present to the past. It analyzes how through colorful characters and conscious detail, Erdrich portrays a realistic account of the struggles of the Chippewa tribe. It looks at how by consciously selecting descriptive details and portraying dynamic characters, Erdrich successfully reveals to the reader a side of Native American culture that is often not taught. and how she demonstrates the importance of culture and family, as well as the art of storytelling.
From the Paper
"Tracks, is also a novel of sorcery and love within the traditional realm of the Chippewa people. Throughout the novel, there are several references to love and relationship triangles; Erdrich uses the character of Fleur to help make some of these situations real. Erdrich adheres closely to known Chippewa myth portraying her characters. She calls upon many legends to enhance them including animal folklore, evil forces, love medicine and Christianity, in constructing Fleur. Fleur is the traditional Indian woman in the story. She does not conform to the white ways and, as a result, conflict arises between her and Pauline. Pauline's dislike for Fleur is evident throughout the book. She despises her and attempts to spread unflattering rumors about her. Pauline's description of Fleur includes a wide range of emotions, ranging from hatred to respect to envy. Pauline senses that Fleur's spirit is stronger and more powerful than her own; therefore she never misses an opportunity to do her reputation harm. Pauline cannot help but observe Fleur; she is drawn to her."
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"Lame Deer", 2002.
This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes the book "Lame Deer Seeker of Visions," by John (Fire) Lame Deer and Richard Erdoes.
2,014 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper discusses and illustrates several Native American themes and links Native American religious practices with religion in America. Native American religion illustrates how far American religion has come from the land and the natural world. It explains how Native Americans have always relied on natural symbols to represent their religious and spiritual beliefs, while American religion is more concerned with man-made symbols such as the Bible and churches. It states that the Native American spiritually begins within, and that is where true spirituality always begins, regardless of symbol or meaning.
From the Paper
"This perhaps is one of the major differences between Native American religious beliefs, and Christian beliefs. Lame Deer is right. In modern America, we are "usually too busy" to notice what is going on around us, and we shut ourselves up in cities, unaware of the natural world around us. The Native Americans look toward nature as their spiritual leader, and this theme is common in their rituals, in their legends, and in their everyday lives, and so they carry their spirituality with them always, rather than finding it in a book, or in a church, or a religious meeting."
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Tourism Research in Effective Marketing, 2002.
This paper discusses the growth of the gaming industry in America since the passage of the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (IGRA) in 1988 and how marketing research aids the growth of the potential gaming market.
3,631 words (approx. 14.5 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 101.95
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Abstract
The writer focuses on marketing and research as tools to help casino owners choose geographic venues. The paper describes how an owner must know the draw or appeal of the individual property well enough to optimize profits though marketing to the segment of the traveling (tourism) public. The writer then outlines how this can provide the greatest return for the investment and the effort expended in the process.
From the Paper
"The point of casino marketing is to bring in customers whose primary desire is to gamble in the casino; these customers produce more revenue in a shorter period of time than other types of customers. Casino operators have traditionally recognized the need to segment the potential gaming market along geographic, socio-economic and psychological lines. (Dandurand and Sciullo, 1977). Typically, however, those responsible for doing so have backgrounds in the general hospitality, management or accounting areas, and need to focus on the differences between marketing to visitors who are or might be interested in casino entertainment and those who would not be so inclined is of vital interest in maximizing the return on the efforts. (Gullo and Verbon, 1982)."
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Scott Momaday?s "A House Made of Dawn", 2002.
Analysis of this novel and what makes it unique, examining why it deserved the Pulitzer Prize.
1,213 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper shows how, on the surface and upon first reading, "A House Made of Dawn" sounds and appears to be like every other Native American novel - focus on the typical patterns of return and homing. But a closer study of the novel?s tone, themes, structure and diction reveals that its fame is intricately connected with its unique non-stereotypical illustration of Native American views and emotions. This paper focuses on various different aspects of the novel to show why it is different from other similar writings and why it truly deserved a Pulitzer Prize.
From the Paper
"It is a rich, metaphorically lyrical tale depicting Native American?s situation in a big white world of America. The story may appear rather puzzling to those who are unable to move with the author from one location to another almost in the blink of an eye. The tone of the novel isn?t disturbing as that of some other native pieces but is certainly thought provoking. But the one thing that I found highly amazing and unique about this novel is the fact that it isn?t exactly written for white people to make them feel guilty and ashamed. It is actually written for Native Americans so that they are able to come to terms with the core of their misery and confusion as Indians surrounding by arrogance of whiteness."
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The Life of Black Elk, 2002.
A look into the life of Black Elk (1863?1950) - a Native American religious leader of the Oglala Lakota band of the Sioux tribe.
1,878 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
By examining the life of Black Elk, this paper provides a brief historical tour of the life of a typical Native American being confronted with the advancing white pioneers attempting to move Westward. It explores the events of various battles that took place between the pioneers and the Native Americans and the involvement that Black Elk had in each of these. It focuses specifically on the saga of the Sioux tribe.
From the Paper
"According to the Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia (2002), Black Elk (1863?1950) was a Native American religious leader of the Oglala Lakota band of the Sioux tribe. Black Elk, who at the age of 17 had a vision of the Lakota people rising up and freeing their lands from the white settlers, tried to find ways of reconciling his people?s traditions with Christianity and the encroaching reality of white dominance. This vision was a famous one among the Sioux in which the Powers of the World told Black Elk of a ?fearful road, a road of troubles and of war. On this road you shall walk, and from it you shall have the power to destroy a people?s foes? (Neihardt, p. 29). Reality, unfortunately, would prove to be quite different. The whites were eventually successful in obliterating the Native Americans? way of life and subjugating the peoples."
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Literature on Native American History, 2002.
An analysis and comparison on two works relating to Native American history.
2,456 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and compares "The Treaty of Canandaigua 1794: 200 Years of Treaty Relations between the Iroquois Confederacy and the United States" by G. Peter Jemison and Anna M. Schein and James Wilson?s "The Earth Shall Weep: A History of Native America". The paper shows that "The Treaty of Canandaigua" provides an in-depth analysis of the treaty and its effects on both the Native American and European population of the United States, while "The Earth Shall Weep" encompasses the lives and history of many diverse Native American tribes, over almost their entire known history.
From the Paper
"Interestingly, James Wilson is not a Native American, and yet he writes The Earth Shall Weep as if he were. Wilson's analysis is clearly written outside of the Eurocentric, Christian view that has dominated the world stage for so long. As such, Wilson's review of Native American history is fresh and inviting. He manages to create a somewhat balanced overview of the indigenous North American population, while never idealizing or demonizing their culture. As such, Wilson's somewhat detached viewpoint works wonders in this lengthy (480 page) work by creating a book that is both instructive and balanced.
This balance is especially refreshing give the tendency of many books on native American culture to be written either from a dry, academic standpoint, or from a somewhat naive and idealistic viewpoint of indigenous North American culture. Wilson's book gives a useful review of Native American history without falling prey to the either extreme of analysis. As such, the book is engaging and readable, without being overbearing or exclusionist in its point of view."
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Literature of the Southwest, 2002.
A look at four works of literature which represent the spirit of Southwestern America.
2,118 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
Southwestern American literature forms a distinct genre with a sharp flavor that includes land, geography, attitudes and people. Four novels, Tony Hillerman's "Dance Hall of the Dead", Edward Abbey's "Fire on the Mountain", Cormac McCarthy's "All the Pretty Horses", and Rudolfo Anaya's "Bless Me, Ultima" are disscussed in this paper to present a partial menu of this exceptionally pungent mix.
From the Paper
"Within the harsh realities of llanero life, Anayo shows us the spirit of the Chicano people who inhabit this bleak land. He gives us what Paul Beekman Taylor calls the wings of survival: "the spirit's soar to salvation (where) flight merges quests for art with the soul's inclination toward its source; that is, worldly with spiritual aspirations" (Taylor unpaged). Antonio's spirit is one with the spirit of the llano: "The summer came and burned me brown with its energy, and the llano and the river filled me with their beauty" (Anaya 76). His soul immerses itself in the mystery of Ultima's magic, in order, in the words of Taylor, to achieve "flight from chains of church, national identity, and parental ties" (unpaged), to learn to be himself and survive in this land."
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Tecumseh, 2002.
A biography of the life of the Shawnee Chief Tecumseh through the accounts of two different historians.
1,083 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces the Shawnee Chief Tecumseh, born in an Indian village near Dayton, Ohio, in March 1768 and one of the most successful known Indian leaders. It compares how the two main authorities on him, John Sugden and David Edmunds, convey Tecumseh, his life as well as his accomplishments. It discusses how Sugden and Edmunds exhibit extremely divergent writing styles and approaches to their topics, and how both give clear and compelling accounts of the man Tecumseh and his motivations. He was a great man and it is no wonder so many authors have attempted to tell his story.
From the Paper
"Edmunds' story is also well written and compelling, and like Sugden, he gives personal glimpses into the man, made possible by his research and understanding of his topic. Both men place thoughts and actions in the character's heads, and thought they could not have known what these historic people were really thinking, they had a very good idea through their immersion in their topic, they both understand the motivations and beliefs of the historic characters in the story, because of their intensive study of their subjects. "
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Native American Imagery, 2002.
An exploration of the creation of Native American imagery by nineteenth century artists, Edward Sheriff Curtis and George Catlin.
2,181 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
The ?American? public has always had an interest in the lives of Native Americans. During the early 1800, this curiosity blossomed in a fascination. The paper shows that unfortunately, most Americans were content to relegate all Native Americans into this caricature of the "noble savage", dehumanizing them, and few settlers sought to understand the culture of the Natives whose land they were occupying. Fortunately two nineteenth century artists, Edward Sheriff Curtis and George Catlin did not share the same view. This paper discusses how these men dedicated their lives to the study and preservation of Native American tribal culture for posterity by creating imagery based on the Native American people. Although their methodology, content, and style were dissimilar, (Curtis used the camera and Catlin worked with oil paint), their goal was the same, to capture and record the essence of America?s indigenous people through art.
From the Paper
"Countless numbers around the globe have benefited from the information gathered during the 1800?s by Edward S. Curtis and George Catlin.
Without these records many of the customs and heritage that we know of as ?Native American? might be lost today.
It is easy to be critical of Catlin?s paintings when judging it against the realism of Curtis? photographs, but the goals of the two men were the same. The sincerity, accuracy, and honesty of the collections that were compiled by the ethnographists transcend their work from the category of mere art to the palate of life."
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