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The Indians and Their Horses, 2008.
A discussion on how horses revolutionized the civilizations of Indian tribes of North America.
1,308 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the effect that the arrival of Spanish horses had on the Indians in terms of mobility, currency, hunting and warfare. The paper notes that the horse was unsurpassingly beneficial to the Native Americans when it came to wars. Horsemanship was something that the Indians learned either from observing the Spanish settlers or more likely by trial and error. The paper highlights the fact that horses gave the Indians wealth and prestige, an advantage over the buffalo, and time-tested horsemanship and riding skills. The civilizations of the tribes of North America were truly revolutionized by this amazing creature.
From the Paper
"The horses the Plains Indians used to hunt buffalo were invaluable to their owners. They had to be smart, quick, and unafraid of the large hairy beasts. If the horse wasn't fast enough to dodge the injured buffalo, or if it wasn't paying attention to its rider, it was often injured or killed. On one such hunt, a buffalo "crowded upon another rider so closely that he had no room to maneuver. The sharp horn of a cow ripped the horse's belly, causing the entrails to protrude. The horse was thrown, the entrails replaced, and the rent sewn with a sinew....After the wound healed the horse ran as well as before." The rider had to fully trust his mount or both of their lives would be in danger."
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Native Americans, 2003.
Examines that Native American's struggle to retain their culture and lands against the forces of the early white settlers.
820 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the history of the lack of tolerance for the Indians from the time that Hernando De Soto set foot in Cherokee country to the expulsion of Native Americans to Oklahoma.The author points out that the early white settlers justified their harsh stance by believing that the Indians obstructed the progress of the whites who could use the land much more efficiently and that it was the God-given right of the settlers to obtain this land. The paper reports that, in 1835, the Treaty of New Echota forced Indians at bayonet point and shackled in chains to be transferred to Oklahoma. The paper concludes that thousands of Indians died due to disease, absence of shelter and lack of food on this journey called the "Trail of Tears".
From the Paper
"The Federal Government received their plea, and in 1832, the Supreme Court reviewed the case of Worcester vs. Georgia. Chief Justice John Marshall ruled on behalf of the Cherokee Indians and stated that the Federal Government was responsible for the Indians rather than the state of Georgia. This ruling appeared to be a triumph for the Native Americans; however, it was short lived. For example, Jackson stated that John Marshall has made his decision and that it was up to him to enforce it."
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Native Americans and Mental Health, 2008.
This paper explores the problem of mental health issues, especially substance abuse, among Native Americans.
1,330 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Native Americans disproportionately have a greater occurrence of mental health and substance use disorders than the population as a whole. The author relates that the U.S. government's policy of expansion, containment and non-sanctioned genocide in the 1880s has manifested itself in the Native-American population as poverty, alienation from mainstream public services and education, increased risk for medical and psychological conditions and a fractured sense of tribal and family cohesiveness. The paper points out that alcohol dependence combined with major depression or post-traumatic stress disorder are the most prevalent co-occurring disorders. The author reports that the evolving standard treatment method for Native-American clients is integrated mental health and addiction services using motivational interviewing, which is especially compatible with Native-American values.
From the Paper
"Because Native Americans have a long, rich cultural heritage strikingly different from the mainstream of America, and because Native America is segmented into hundreds of tribes, many of which with their own unique cultural systems, providing adequate mental health and chemical dependency services in a culturally sensitive manner is difficult. This very issue serves as a barrier to treatment and outcomes, especially for individuals living off reservations where local community support and tribal customs are not present. Even on reservations, community support is inadequate as funding for mental health services through the Indian Health Services entitlement is woefully under-funded."
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"Indian School", 2003.
This paper examines the book "Indian School" by Michael Cooper.
1,391 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 0 sources, $ 46.95
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Abstract
The paper examines "Indian School" by Michael Cooper where he chronicles the history of the schools organized by the Bureau of Indian Affairs. The paper looks at how Cooper profiles some of its students and their hardships in the Carlisle Indian School in Pennsylvania. The paper discusses how the Native-Americans were forced to ignore their Indian culture and conform to the white man's ways. The author concludes that he will use this as an example of why it is important to incorporate all cultures in education.
From the Paper
"In 1879, relations between the United States government and the Native Americans were very poor. The Native Americans were being forced into reservations by the expanding European-American population. Also just three years earlier, Lt. Colonel Custer and 250 soldiers were killed at the Little Bighorn River. When Captain Richard Henry Pratt came to the Rosebud Reservation asking for Sioux children, the Native Americans were very apprehensive. Captain Pratt spoke with forty warriors and chiefs and he convinced them that their ignorance of the white man's ways were actually hurting their civilization. He said the United States government would provide boarding and education for their children at no cost. After talking it over the Chiefs decided that it would be best if the children did get an education so that they would be better able to help their people negotiate with the white man. That winter hundreds of frightened Sioux children were taken by train from their homes near North Dakota to Pennsylvania, one thousand miles away."
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The Lenni-Lenape Tribe, 1998.
A brief history of Lenni Lenape Indian tribe.
2,666 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the Lenni-Lenape tribe. It includes their spiritual and intellectual beliefs and a description of the environment in which they lived. Also described briefly is the history of their contact with the English, Spanish and other invaders, beginning with a look the Spaniard Pedro Mendez in 1570 and continuing through to a look at the Englishmen under Governor William Berkley in 1644. The paper also discusses the Lenni-Lenapes of modern day from the 1920's.
From the Paper
"Two outstanding leaders met and stopped a war between the English colonists under John Smith and the Lenape Indians under Chief Powhatan. As part of the treaty, Chief Powhatan was crowned King of the Delaware territory, in 1609, through the diplomacy of John Smith. Unfortunately, John Smith was recalled to England in 1609 after a dispute with the London Company's managers. The result of his recall was full-scale war between the English and the Lenape. The war lasted until 1613 when Pocahontas married an English colonist named John Rolfe and Chief Powhatan grudgingly called a truce between his people and the English."
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"Night Flying Woman", 2007.
A reflection of the role of the cycle of life in Ojibway culture through the narrative of "Night Flying Woman" by Ignatia Broker.
961 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper examines "Night Flying Woman" by Ignatia Broker and reflects on the different steps of the Ojibway cycle of life and their effect on Ojibway culture. The steps of the cycle mentioned in this essay are birth and childhood, learning of the Ojibway ways, the carrying out of these taught ways, making the great journey and the passing on of history, knowledge and tradition.
From the Paper
"Another key part of the cycle of life is when an Old One makes the great journey. While making the great journey is the end of a person's cycle of life, it is not the end of their influence on the tribe, or the end of the Ojibway cycle of life for that matter. The legends and stories of the Ojibway elders are passed on, and their words are honored. Oona describes the period following the passing on of Grandmother and Grandfather. "The mourning lasted a year. They would never be forgotten, for their names were whispered to the si-si-gwa-d." (Broker, 114) Grandmother and Grandfather were not remembered so much for their individuality, but for the contribution and their dedication to the Ojibway children. "
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Cycle of Life in 'Night Flying Woman', 2007.
A reflection on the role of the Ojibway cycle of life, as presented in Ignatia Broker's narrative 'Night Flying Woman'.
911 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer relates that Ojibway's concept of the cycle of life is demonstrated throughout Ignatia Broker's narrative, "Night Flying Woman". The writer points out that Broker highlights three major steps in the Ojibway's cycle of life and that she effectively illustrates the Ojibway's respect for this cycle. The author concludes that the narrative, 'Night Flying Woman' provides something for everyone to learn from, no matter what step of the cycle you are in.
From the Paper
"Birth and childhood of Ojibway children play an especially important role in the cycle of life for it is a time for the gaining of much knowledge, both for the present as well as the future. The birth of a child is imperative for the preservation of any group of people and is likely the reason Ojibway mothers usually have five children throughout their lives. Shortly after the birth of a child, the time for teaching of the tribe's ways can begin. Constant learning is encouraged at an early age when the children are made to watch the elders go about their lives, whether they be hard at work lacing strong birch-bark containers, winding string made from the bark of trees, or just talking amongst themselves and socializing with one another. This is made apparent when part of Oona's childhood is described early on in the narrative."
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Pocahontas and John Smith, 2007.
An analysis of the relationship between Pocahontas and John Smith.
790 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the various accounts of the relationship between the Indian girl, Pocahontas and the English Captain, John Smith. It discusses exactly what their relationship was and how they related to each other. The paper looks at John Smith's account of the events and people surrounding Pocahontas and discusses how this compares to the popular Disney version of their relationship.
From the Paper
"Perhaps the most romanticized event in history is the meeting and relationship between Indian girl, Pocahontas and English Captain, John Smith. What exactly was their relationship? Disney Productions tells us in their movie titled "Pocahontas" that the relationship between the two people were of that of a romantic type, portraying the two as highly attractive twenty something's, leaping through forests and frolicking in the fields."
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| Term Paper # 99653 |
temporarily unavailable
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Trickster Coyote, 2006.
This paper examines the role of trickster Coyote in Native-American tradition.
2,983 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses one of the most famous characters in Native- American oral traditions, the trickster Coyote. The paper examines Haruo Aoki's story "Coyote and Fox" and shows how Coyote serves not only as entertainment, but also as a teaching tool for other generations to learn from. The paper illustrates why the use of these animals is important and what it reveals about Native-American life and values.
From the Paper
"One of the most famous characters in Native American oral traditions is that of the trickster Coyote. This character appears in hundreds of Native tales, and in many different tribes. Coyote "the trickster...tends to express unbridled human desires (Leeming 47)." For example in Aoki's story "Coyote and Fox," Coyote exhibits many traits that are common in most Native stories, in this tale though, "He is excessively demanding of food (Leeming 47)." In this particular story of "Coyote and Fox," by Haruo Aoki, Coyote illustrates many forms of boundaries for listeners to learn from. Also, Coyote's disregard to protocol and misbehavior serve as an example of "what not to do," and gives attention to the proper behavior of Fox. Also, Coyote's interactions with Fox create a form through which others may learn. "The funny and immoral activities of the trickster are used to teach children morality by example (Leeming 48)." Aoki's tale illustrates this teaching role of Coyote the trickster."
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"Indians and English", 2006.
A book report on Karen Ordahl Kupperman's "Indians and English."
797 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Karen Ordahl Kupperman's book "Indians and English." It discusses the book as it looks at the meeting between American Indians and English people in the first decades of contact and colonization. The paper particularly describes their attempts to understand and place each other's ways within their own familiar schemes of how human society is supposed to function.
From the Paper
"Karen Ordahl Kupperman's Indians and English focuses on the first contact between the two titled groups. Rather than trying to show how either side attempted to rid the landscape of each other, Kupperman maintains that "...both [groups] naturally sought to incorporate these new people into their own systems..." and that doing so "...necessarily involved trying to figure out the nature of the others." (1) To prove her thesis, Kupperman uses largely primary sources to highlight specifically varying aspects of both English and native life that inevitably contended with each other."
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Greater Roadrunner, 2007.
This paper examines the bird species, greater roadrunner, or geococcyx californianus.
2,487 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer studies what is known as probably the most iconic bird of the southwest, the greater roadrunner. The writer notes that the scientific name for the greater roadrunner is Geococcyx californianus, which is Latin for "ground cuckoo". The writer claims that
the greater roadrunner is one of the most underestimated and overlooked birds of the southwest. The writer discusses its ability to withstand harsh weather conditions year round. The writer then discusses its defining characteristics that put this unique and fascinating bird in an unmistakable class of its own. The bird's mutual parental responsibilities and important geographical roles within the southwest are also examined. In addition, the writer looks at the immense role the roadrunner plays within Native American culture and its iconic ways that somehow connects everyday life with the spirit world above.
From the Paper
"In some Pueblo and Apache Native American cultures, it is believed that tracing the roadrunner's inscrutable tracks around a deceased person during burial ceremonies would confuse nearby evil spirits and keep their ancestor out of harm's way during their journey to spirit world. The most widely circulated, and believed, of all stories is one claiming that roadrunners pen sleeping rattlesnakes within a cactus fence. The story claims that while the snakes are unconscious, the wise bird gathers cactus hides (with their highly functional beaks) from nearby surroundings and builds a barrier of thorns that makes escape impossible for the helpless reptile. Legend continues that once the snake awakes and realizes its fortune, the roadrunner sets into full attack mode and vigorously pecks the powerless snake with its mighty beak until the snake is lifeless. The sharing and telling of these myths and legends not only help to keep the mystery and interest of the unique roadrunner alive, but it also helps keep their cultural status within the deserts of the southwest."
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