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Art in Non-Western Society, 2006.
This paper reviews and analyzes a Native American Iroquois ritual object; a turtle rattle, ca 1890.
879 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper details the artistic and cultural significance of an Iroquois ritual object; a turtle rattle, ca 1890, which was found in North America. This paper contains a detailed description of the object, a large turtle rattle which is composed of the complete shell and skin of a snapping- turtle, 12-14 inches long, with head and neck stretched and held by stick splints to form a handle. The writer describes how this and other similar objects were used in Native Americans ceremonies and healing rituals. This paper delves into the significance of this and other artistic objects that were intrinsic to the native way of life. These objects were created in prehistoric times for utilitarian purposes.
Table of Contents:
Brief Description
Description
Research
Bibliography
From the Paper
"The turtle rattle was also a musical instrument in ceremonial use. One of its most important functions was its significance in the False Face ceremonies. One of the most distinguishing features of the Iroquois belief system is the reliance on the mask for religious and ritual purposes. These masks are often designated as False Faces. This term refers to the first False Face and the mythical origins of protective and healing spirits. They are used in introductory and agricultural rituals. The turtle rattles play a significant part in these important rituals. The turtle rattle is therefore integrated with the overall understanding of the origin myths of the Iroquois Indians. The turtle rattle is also seen as a powerful object in its own right and not just a decorative or musical piece."
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Tenure Discrimination: A Personal Narrative, 2006.
This article describes a personal battle against discrimination in an application for university tenure.
3,032 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 22 sources, MLA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author describes the reasons why she had to resign from her university post. She considers herself a Native American, despite her being Jewish. The author goes on to tell her story, why she was made to resign from her post in the Native American studies department. She also recommends, for all academics who are trying to get tenure, to ask a few pertinent questions of their departments before even applying. For example, she suggests that a prospect should inquire among his prospective faculty colleagues if they think that the decolonization of Native peoples is a significant issue today. The author carries on discussing her bitter experiences, emphasizing that because she is not the classic Native American, she was discriminated against. She concludes that it is better to work with your colleagues and find a common understanding, than to try and fight them.
From the Paper
"Cornel Pewewardy calls for all of us to have a firm grounding in the discourse of the deconstruction of racial categories. He states that guilt and fear prevent too many from fully addressing the discourse and its ramifications "most of us are in denial about 'race' and 'hegemony' and do little committed thinking about race matters." Genocide and colonization are of course at the root of the guilt and fear; these historical processes will continue to erode every aspect of Native life until they are addressed both by dominant society and Native societies. Along with other Native academics and grassroots people, Pewewardy points to the need to "reach deep into the spiritual wells of our different religious traditions in order to draw strength and grace with which to address the challenges of healing and nation building." Implying that some of the current leadership may not be inclined or in position to do what he and others have called for, he also states that "Along with fresh leaders, a new leadership ethos grounded in tradition must be put in place, one that promotes accountability to the peoples through the revival of traditional decision-making procedures." My tenure experience, in addition to my experience of several reservations convinces me that too few of the people with power to influence the course of Native communities act from a Native ethos that is deeply concerned with reproducing Native values into the future."
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Theories of Indian Migration, 2005.
Traces the geological origins of the American Indian tribe known as the Cherokees.
1,121 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the geological evidence supporting the theory that the Cherokee Indians originally immigrated to North America via the Bering Strait, the body of water that separates Siberia from Alaska. The paper also looks at the scientific and anthropological theories of Indian immigration but concludes that the geological theory is not at all implausible.
From the Paper
"The Cherokee Indians were heirchial with each man's place being determined by his persoanl achievements in war and in hunting. The Cherokee knew that the resources of the earth were finite and wisely used the gifts of the earth. In the 1978 book entitiled "Americas' Facinating Indian Heritage" stated is that, "The American Indians still live today in "substandard, overcrowded dwellings with minimal sanitation, tuberculosis, influenza and penmonia....the suicide rate among Indian adolescents is 100 times that of whites....alcoholism is common place. " While some of the tribes did receive government settlements eventually many of these did not. (America's Facinating Indian Heritage, 1978 p.396-398) The Cherokee people lived a balanced life that did not take from the earth and environment but left it as they found it in the Cherokee tradition."
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Native American Tribes, 2006.
An examination in detail of the Potawatomi tribe.
1,651 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the author looks at the origins of Native American tribes. In particular he looks at the Potawatomi tribe who has a lot of history affiliated with the state of Michigan. The author examines the early history of the Potawatomi tribe from their first origins in the area as far back as 1600. The paper examines the meaning of the name Potawatomi which is a translation of the Ojibwe "potawatomink" meaning "people of the place of fire", and looks at alternate names that have been given to this tribe. The author identifies special characteristics of this tribe and looks at their population growth over the years. In conclusion, the author looks at the modern day Potawatomi tribe and what they have achieved. He comments that they have assimilated into American society and that a general governing body has been set up to try and bring them back to their roots and make sure their original reservation land remains in their hands.
From the Paper
"Shortly after the French built Fort Ponchartrain at Detroit in 1701, groups of Potawatomi settled nearby. By 1716 most Potawatomi villages were located in an area between Milwaukee to Detroit. During the 1760s they expanded into northern Indiana and central Illinois. Land cessions to the Americans began in 1807 and during the next 25 years drastically reduced their territory. Removal west of the Mississippi occurred between 1834 and 1842. The Potawatomi were removed in two groups: the Prairie and Forest Bands from northern Illinois and southern Wisconsin went to Council Bluffs in southwest Iowa; and the Potawatomi of the Woods (Michigan and Indian bands) were relocated to eastern Kansas near Osawatomie. In 1846 the two groups merged and were placed on a single reservation north of Topeka. Arguments over allotment and citizenship led to their separation in 1867. The Citizen Potawatomi left for Oklahoma and settled near present-day Shawnee. Most of their lands were lost to allotment in 1889. The Prairie Potawatomi stayed in Kansas and still have a reservation. Several Potawatomi groups avoided removal and remained in the Great Lakes."
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Suicide & the American Indian, 2006.
An analysis of suicide trends among the American Indian population.
1,825 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper studies the statistically high rate of suicide among American Indian youth, focusing on the impact of acculturation. The paper begins with a brief discussion of the suicide statistics and their distribution among particular tribes. Then the paper takes a critical look at the historical phenomenon of acculturation. Among the effects of acculturation examined are geographic isolation and confinement to the reservation, which led to the disorganization of traditional family structures. The paper then explores how these impacted the negative self-image of youth, and in particular male youth, which is a major contributor to suicide.
From the Paper
"In a white man's society the American Indian held little status. While there was slavery, black man may have been deprived of his body and labor and kept from being a part of white society; the American Indian was robbed of his land and forced to acculturate. The American Indians were not free to practice their religion in a land that proclaimed religious freedom. When the census was taken, a black man was counted as half a person; an American Indian was not even considered a human being. This only changed when the white man wanted to buy land; legally an American Indian had to be a human being to sell it (Allen 1973)."
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Thomas Jefferson's Racist Views, 2006.
An analysis of Thomas Jefferson's "Notes on the State of Virginia", demonstrating that Jefferson held racist views.
1,548 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper introduces the background context of the work, which was written in 1780 when Jefferson was governor of Virginia, to a Frenchman asking for information about the new nation. The paper cites the work to contrast Jefferson's views of Indians and of Blacks. It argues that Jefferson defended Native Americans precisely because they were native to America and did not want them to be used as an example to deprecate the continent. The paper argues that, in comparison, he denigrated African-Americans because he was trying to justify his proposal of staged emancipation. In conclusion, the writer finds that Jefferson's views were neither hypocritical or contradictory, but were driven from his same vision of the white man having the responsibility to affect the emancipation.
From the Paper
"Though visionary in many aspects, there is considerable evidence that Thomas Jefferson never foresaw the future of America as a racial and cultural "melting pot". Indeed, he makes a substantial argument against further emigration of foreigners to the New World. ... The Jeffersonian vision of America given here seems somewhat in keeping with the Puritanical, Eden-like view, in that it should fall upon the new Adams to populate the new world that had been created for them. Jefferson saw "foreigners" as a source of interference; thereby, a potential threat to peaceful governance of a nation."
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Native American Religious Beliefs, 2006.
A look at the myths and beliefs of Native Americans and their respect and reverence for life that governed all aspects of their lives.
1,342 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper paper examines the background, beliefs, religion and society found in Native American culture and how their holistic culture impacted every aspect of their daily lives. In particular, the paper focuses on the the Six Nations that compose the Iroquois Confederacy: The Mohawk, Seneca, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga and Tuscarora.
From the Paper
"Native American society is broken up into individual Nations, which controlled certain geological area. A Nation is a collection of Tribes, which in turn were made up of Clans that were also unique to geological locations. Typically, the Clans were named for an animal, and there could be members of the same Clan in different Tribes. Within the Iroquois Confederacy, made up of six Nations, there are similar or identical clans found in nearly every Nation."
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Sam Houston and Native Americans, 2006.
Examines Sam Houston's influence on Indian legislation and political factions.
932 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the relationship between Sam Houston, U.S. congressman and governor of Tennessee and the Cherokee Tribe. The paper examines how Houston influenced the the rights of the Native Americans and took their side when other Texas and national leaders would have banished them westward, or worse, had them exterminated. The paper argues that Houston was not merely seeking political support in trying to reach out to these Native Americans.
From the Paper
"Although, today, many of Houston's prime initiatives to help the Native Americans have been pushed through the loop hole into the endless depths of Congressional lobbying, his influence is still felt through his mannerisms of treating those who are different. An ideology of tolerance may have evolved before Sam Houston, but the main importance of Houston's tolerance stemmed for those who were originally inhibiting the Americas in the beginning. Today, we as "invaders" of the Americas can finally realize our wrongs and our vices in dealing with the Native American heritage because of people like Houston."
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Native Americans and Healthcare, 2006.
This paper details the lack of adequate healthcare services in the Native American community.
1,066 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This writer of this paper examines the current situation in the Native American community and the absence of acceptable healthcare services offered. Topics discussed in this paper include: Healthcare funding, recruitment and retention of healthcare staff, changes to federal programs and cultural issues. This paper also discusses the Hispanic community which faces similar barriers to healthcare. This paper explores the various strategies to address the healthcare issues of Native Americans developed by the Indian Health Design Team.
From the Paper
"Hispanics face similar barriers to healthcare, as do Native Americans. These are the lack of providers, which are close in proximity to the patient. Many Hispanics live in rural areas, which are far from healthcare providers. This problem does not only affect those in rural areas, but urban areas as well, another area which is heavily populated by Hispanics. Patients in this area may still have to travel quite a distance for healthcare, the choice of which may be limited due to type of coverage they have and they may not have adequate means of transportation. Finally, a healthcare provider who is closer may not be accepted due to differences in nationality."
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The Confederate Flag as a Symbol, 2006.
A look at the Confederate flag and other symbols and their meaning.
1,836 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author centers on the symbols adopted by a group or nation whether it be for good or bad. He uses examples such as the swastika and yellow smiley face and how when these symbols are seen they influence our attitudes and existence.The author continues with a history of the Confederate flag from its inception until its demise. The paper concludes with the author's own personal opinion of what should be done with the Confederate flag.
From the Paper
"Indeed, those responsible for the act do so despite vehement opposition from all corners of society. Their actions seem irrational and almost childish in this era of emphatic political correctness and sensitivity to the plight of discriminated minorities. When such great measures are being taken to redress the wrongs of four centuries worth of prejudiced subjugation, this seems to be a giant step backwards. The modern American prides himself on his democracy and fairness towards all; why then must some revel in the archaic heritages of backward thinking?"
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"North American Indian Ecology", 2006.
This paper reviews and examines Donald Hughes' book "North American Indian Ecology" which focuses on a wide range of ecological and environmental issues faced by Native American Indians in the 20th century.
2,310 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper explores and details North American Indian life and culture as portrayed in Donald Hughes' book "North American Indian Ecology." This paper discusses the land issues facing the North American Indian tribes including overgrazing, erosion and assessments of appropriate land usage. The writer of this paper finds Hughes' book to be straightforward and concise in clarifying the characteristics of Indian life such as hunting, food growing and rituals.
From the Paper
"Tribes are having to mediate the disparate demands of their members and the industrial mindset of the BIA to balance forest use for economic need and preservation for cultural need. Tribes face many of the same problems as non-Native communities held hostage by the timber industry. Replanting has not always kept pace with harvesting on public or trust lands. The push to harvest old-growth timber is constrained by federal mandates to protect endangered species habitats, putting people out of work. Few local communities gain the "value-added" benefits of processing their own timber especially jobs and new businesses and when they do the environmental impact of mill sites has to be factored into any cost-benefit analysis."
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"Revenge of the Pequots", 2006.
A discussion of the book "Revenge of the Pequots: How a Small Native American Tribe Created the World's Most Profitable Casino" by Kim Isaac Eisler.
1,000 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Foxwoods Casino, owned and operated by the Pequot Indian Tribe in Connecticut, as detailed in the book "Revenge of the Pequots" by Kim Isaac Eisler. The author of this paper explains the history and politics -- both tribal and national -- behind the casino and its founder, Richard Skip Hayward.
From the Paper
"While we drive through southern Connecticut towards east along I-95 we get to pass through the congestion of Bridgeport and New Haven and New London at the end of which it comes across as though we are surrounded in a region that is fully wild grown and it seems like we have entered wilderness. But this was before the 1980's when southeastern Connecticut had not developed as much as it has now and since the early 1980s southeastern Connecticut has turned into a clamorous, traffic-choked gambling Mecca that has reached its peak because of the establishment of Fox woods High Stakes Bingo and Casino which as described by the author is Kim Isaac Eisler is one of the most successful cash-producing enterprises in the world and "the most profitable casino in the history of the United States."
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